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At least 649 records · Page 36

Organic Aggregates with (delta)D and delta(sup 15)N Anomalies in the Zag Clast Revealed by STXM and NanoSIMS

Xenolithic clasts are often found in a wide variety of meteorite groups. Some ordinary chondrite clasts are interesting since these clasts might have originated from Ceres which shares crossing orbits with a possible ordinary chondrite parent body, Hebe. The Zag meteorite contains a dark clast dominated by saponite, serpentine, carbonates, sulfides, magnetite, minor olivine and pyroxene, which is consistent with formation on a large, carbonaceous, aqueously active body, e.g., Ceres. Abundant large C-rich grains up to 20 microns were found in the Zag clast as well. Such large C-rich grains are unique among any other meteorites in our knowledge, and will provide important clues to decipher the origin of the clast and accretion history. C-rich grains were selected in the Zag dark clast using SEM and approximately 100 nm-thick sections were prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) at NASA-JSC. The sections were analyzed using the scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) on beamline 5.3.2.2 at Advanced Light Source, LBNL, and BL-13A at the Photon Factory, KEK. Subsequently, the FIB section was analyzed for H, C and N isotopic compositions using a CAMECA NanoSIMS 50L ion microprobe at Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC

Kebukawa, Y.↗

Information Management Platform for Data Analytics and Aggregation (IMPALA) System Design Document

The System Design document tracks the design activities that are performed to guide the integration, installation, verification, and acceptance testing of the IMPALA Platform. The inputs to the design document are derived from the activities recorded in Tasks 1 through 6 of the Statement of Work (SOW), with the proposed technical solution being the completion of Phase 1-A. With the documentation of the architecture of the IMPALA Platform and the installation steps taken, the SDD will be a living document, capturing the details about capability enhancements and system improvements to the IMPALA Platform to provide users in development of accurate and precise analytical models. The IMPALA Platform infrastructure team, data architecture team, system integration team, security management team, project manager, NASA data scientists and users are the intended audience of this document. The IMPALA Platform is an assembly of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products installed on an Apache-Hadoop platform. User interface details for the COTS products will be sourced from the COTS tools vendor documentation. The SDD is a focused explanation of the inputs, design steps, and projected outcomes of every design activity for the IMPALA Platform through installation and validation.

Carnell, Andrew↗

Aggregates: The Fundamental Building Blocks of Planetesimals?

The initial accretion of primitive asteroids (meteorite parent bodies) from freely-floating nebula particles remains problematic. Traditional growth-by-sticking models in turbulent nebulae encounter a formidable "meter-size barrier" due to both drift and destruction, or even a mmtocmsize "bouncing" barrier. Even if growth by sticking could somehow breach these barriers (perhaps if the actual sticking or strength is larger than current estimates, which are based on pure ice or pure silicate), turbulent nebulae present further obstacles through the 1-10km size range. On the other hand, nonturbulent nebulae form large asteroids too quickly to explain long spreads in formation times, or the dearth of melted asteroids. Thus, the intensity of nebula turbulence (or "alpha ") is critical to the entire process. Theoretical understanding of nebula turbulence continues to evolve; while recent models of MRI (magneticallydriven) turbulence favor lowornoturbulence environments, purely hydrodynamic turbulence is making a comeback with three recently discovered mechanisms generating turbulence of moderate which do not rely on magnetic fields at all.

Cuzzi, J. N.↗

Methods and Apparatus for Aggregation of Multiple Pulse Code Modulation Channels into a Signal Time Division Multiplexing Stream

Methods and apparatus are provided for telemetry processing using a telemetry processor. The telemetry processor can include a plurality of communications interfaces, a computer processor, and data storage. The telemetry processor can buffer sensor data by: receiving a frame of sensor data using a first communications interface and clock data using a second communications interface, receiving an end of frame signal using a third communications interface, and storing the received frame of sensor data in the data storage. After buffering the sensor data, the telemetry processor can generate an encapsulated data packet including a single encapsulated data packet header, the buffered sensor data, and identifiers identifying telemetry devices that provided the sensor data. A format of the encapsulated data packet can comply with a Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard. The telemetry processor can send the encapsulated data packet using a fourth and a fifth communications interfaces.

Chang, Chen J.↗

Design of Autonomous Medical Response Agent (AMRA) Aggregate Information Dashboard (AID)

Future astronauts in deep space missions will rely on tools and technologies empowering them to self-diagnose and self-treat medical conditions. Given communications delays and limited bandwidth in future long-duration exploration missions (LDEMs), medical decision support technologies must empower the crew to manage routine medical activities, acute medical incidents, as well as emergency medical scenarios independently from ground support.The Autonomous Medical Response Agent (AMRA) is envisioned as a digital tool enabling crew to issue medical complaints and interact with a medical decision support algorithm which develops a differential diagnosis and recommends a treatment protocol for the condition. AMRA will draw from individual crew medical history in addition to crew symptoms to more efficiently identify high-risk medical conditions. A new symptom could be indicative of a chronic condition or a normal adaptation to long-duration spaceflight, but could just as easily be indicative of an adverse vehicle condition affecting the entire crew.While real-time communication with a flight surgeon may not possible, the crew will nonetheless require a means to communicate and document both routine and emergency medical incidents to ground support. Conversely, flight surgeons and medical specialists on the ground will need to understand information such as crew vitals or responses to medical check-ups and examinations within the larger context of crew schedule, mission activities, and vehicle performance. A user interface which establishes communication protocols between an individual crew member and AMRA, as well as ground support to the crew is a significant area of research demanding input and consideration.The design of AMRA AID is intended to: a) represent routine medical activities as well as new (unplanned) medical incidents within the larger context of crew schedule and mission activities, and b) increase confidence between ground support and crew members over the course of LDEMs. Maintaining situation awareness of unplanned medical incidents between ground and crew will be a critical element within LDEMs. Two medical incidents headache and difficulty breathing are being explored within a user interface prototype which captures communications protocols between crew members and mission control, human health monitoring, vehicle or environmental monitoring, as well as crew schedule and mission activities holistically.

Yashar, M.↗

Aggregating Confidence: A Problem and A Solution

This paper has two main purposes: to articulate a concern about assessing arguments based on confidence; and to provide an assessment procedure which takes this concern into account. The concern is that confidence is a tricky notion for non-deductive Arguments: doubts inherent in Reasoning coalesces with doubts inherent in Premises. And, within a Compound Argument, this may happen many times over, thus accumulating in unpredictable ways. We explain two procedures we have developed to help address the concern in a methodical way.

language↗

Multidimensional Data Aggregation in the Cloud with Application to Geostationary Satellite-based Air Quality Monitoring

Scientists use satellite data for studying Earth's systems, and the remote sensing data that these satellites collect are typically separated into files of a size small enough for efficient network transfer and storage. However, researchers usually prefer to analyze the data based on real-world dimensions like time, space, or elevation. To help with this, NASA's Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) developed a new cloud-based tool that combines these smaller data chunks into larger, more useful datasets. The tool works on Network Common Data Form (netCDF4) and some HDF5 formatted files, and it is available as a service in NASA's Earthdata Cloud. In this presentation, we showcase this service using data from the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument. By combining TEMPO's continuous observations over time, we create longer and more informative analysis-ready time series to facilitate the study of air quality patterns. Insights gained will provide a more comprehensive understanding of pollution sources, transport patterns, and their effects on the environment and human health.

Daniel Kaufman↗

Constraining the Surface Exposure Age of Asteroid Bennu Using Cosmogenic Radionuclides in an OSIRIS-REx Aggregate Sample and Individual Particles

Observations by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft of asteroid Bennu revealed evidence that this small rubble-pile asteroid experiences several active surface processes that likely control its recent surface exposure history. In October 2020, the spacecraft collected a surface sample from a relatively young ~20 m diameter crater (Hokioi) on asteroid Bennu, and the sample was successfully delivered to Earth on September 24, 2023. Based on the population of craters >50 m diameter, Bennu’s surface is 0.1–1 Ga old, but the old surface is affected by recent processes including smaller meteoroid impacts, mass movement, and particle ejections. The sampling location within Hokioi crater was selected based on its relatively flat surface devoid of large boulders, but the crater floor is also believed to be one of the youngest surfaces on asteroid Bennu, with an age of <100 kyr. As the crater is ~2 m deep, the samples that were collected by OSIRIS-REx may have been relatively shielded from cosmic rays during most of its recent history. This scenario is different from the samples that were collected by Hayabusa2 from asteroid Ryugu, where cosmogenic noble gas and radionuclides indicate cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) ages of ~5 Myr near the surface. Our goal is to understand the recent exposure history of surface samples of asteroid Bennu utilizing radionuclides ( 10 Be, 26 Al, 36 Cl, 41 Ca) produced by both galactic (GCR) and solar (SCR) cosmic rays. With half- lives ranging from 0.1 to 1.36 million years (Myr), the concentrations of these cosmogenic nuclides provide information on the duration and exposure conditions (irradiation depth) of these samples on a timescale of a few Myr. This work will test one of the OSIRIS-REx mission’s driving hypotheses about asteroid Bennu’s recent evolution: that Hokioi crater is part of a population of small (25 m) spectrally red craters on Bennu that are less than 0.1 Myr old.

K. C. Welten↗