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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Development of Mixed Matrix Membranes by Using NH 2 ‐Functionalized UiO‐66 and [APTMS][AC] Ionic Liquid for the Separation of CO 2

The ever‐escalating CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere calls for accelerated development and deployment of carbon capture processes to reduce emissions. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which are fabricated by incorporating the beneficial properties of highly selective inorganic fillers into a polymer matrix, have exhibited significant progress and the ability to enhance the performance of a membrane for gas separation. In this research, an amine‐based ionic liquid (IL) [APTMS][AC] was prepared, which has greater CO 2 affinity and greater solubility due to its amine moiety. The metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66 with a multidimensional crystalline structure was used as a filler due to its appropriate porosity and tunable properties, and it was functionalized with NH 2 . MOFs were further modified with an IL to prepare UiO‐66@IL and UiO‐66‐NH 2 @IL, and MMMs incorporating each MOF were fabricated with the polymer Pebax‐1657. All the prepared membranes and MOFs were characterized to predict their separation efficiency. Several characterization techniques, namely, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM, were used to successfully synthesize UiO‐66@IL and UiO‐66‐NH 2 @IL composites and confirmed proper dispersion and excellent polymer‒filler compatibility at filler loadings ranging from 0 to 30 wt.%. The separation performances were investigated, and the results showed that the incorporation of RTIL with the highly crystalline structure and large surface area of UiO‐66 enhanced the separation efficiency of the membrane. The permeability of CO 2 for all fabricated membranes continuously increased with increasing filler concentration, wherein the permeability was comparatively high for the UiO‐66‐NH 2 MMMs. The CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity improved by 35%, 54%, and 60%, respectively, for UiO‐66@IL, UiO‐66‐NH 2 , and UiO‐66‐NH 2 @IL MMMs compared to simple UiO‐66 for CO 2 /CH 4 and by 28%, 36%, and 63%, respectively, for CO 2 /N 2 , with an increase in filler loading in the MMMs.

Khalid, Hafiza Mamoona (ORCID:0009000135165855)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Leveraging slow $\mathrm{DOTA}$ f-element complexation kinetics to enable separations by kinetic design

The design of metal-concerned solvent extraction systems frequently leverages thermodynamically derived differences in selectivity. An alternative approach, leveraging kinetic control, has been considered much less seriously. Our recent manuscript describing DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) complexation kinetics across the lanthanide series shows the observed rate constant steadily increases across the series, with some non-monotonic behavior observed at terbium and thulium. This contrasts the thermodynamic stability constant trend, where lanthanide-DOTA stability constants initially increase and then plateau as a function of ionic radii after samarium. To leverage the kinetic differences of DOTA with the lanthanides across the series, kinetically based separations must be utilized. Since DOTA has very slow complexation kinetics, a separations system must expedite DOTA-metal complexation to allow a separation approximating practical application. Here in this report, a DOTA-based solvent extraction system, where DOTA is the aqueous holdback reagent and bis-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) is the organic phase extractant, is demonstrated and compares the separations chemistry of Nd, Eu and Am. The slowness of DOTA complexation was addressed by heating the system. Results showed, in general, separation between metals is better during early phase contact, and diminishes under longer contact times. Under all conditions, separations are better than would be predicted based on a thermodynamic basis. This report suggests that while slowly complexing ligands classically used for biological applications may not be appropriate for thermodynamically designed metal separations, their use for kinetically based systems may be appropriate and enable a new design basis for f-element separations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Creation of Polymer Datasets with Targeted Backbones for Screening of High-Performance Membranes for Gas Separation

A simple approach was developed to computationally construct a polymer dataset by combining simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) strings of a targeted polymer backbone and a variety of molecular fragments. This method was used to create 14 polymer datasets by combining seven polymer backbones and molecules from two large molecular datasets (MOSES and QM9). Polymer backbones that were studied include four polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based backbones, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE), and polyphosphazene (PPZ). The generated polymer datasets can be used for various cheminformatics tasks, including high-throughput screening for gas permeability and selectivity. This study utilized machine learning (ML) models to screen the polymers for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 gas separation using membranes. Several polymers of interest were identified. Here the results highlight that employing an ML model fitted to polymer selectivities leads to higher accuracy in predicting polymer selectivity compared to using the ratio of predicted permeabilities.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Finely tuning the microporosity in phosphoric acid doped triptycene-containing polybenzimidazole membranes for highly permselective helium and hydrogen recovery

High-performance polymer membranes with well-defined microporosity and size-sieving ability are especially attractive for helium and hydrogen recovery. Here, in this study, we report novel macromolecular engineering of polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes that integrate hierarchical triptycene units for high permeability and polyprotic acid doping for size sieving via controllable manipulation of microporous architecture. The triptycene moieties disrupt chain packing and introduce additional configurational free volume, leading to significantly boosted He and H 2 permeabilities compared to previously reported PBI membranes. The acid doping resulted in crosslinked PBI membranes via hydrogen bonding and proton transfer with dramatically enhanced gas selectivities. Via adjusting the H 3 PO 4 -doping level, triptycene-based polybenzimidazole (TPBI) composite membranes (TPBI-(H 3 PO 4 ) x ) exhibit the highest gas selectivities for He enrichment (i.e., α(He/CH 4 ) = 7052 ± 156) and H 2 purification (i.e., α(H 2 /CH 4 ) = 5128 ± 110) among existing polymeric gas separation membranes. Additionally, under mixed-gas conditions at 150 °C, the TPBI-(H 3 PO 4 ) 0.98 membrane displays a H 2 permeability of 46.7 Barrer and a H 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 16, far beyond the Robeson's 2008 upper bound for H 2 /CO 2 separation. The facile and diverse tunability and excellent gas separation performance make TPBI-(H 3 PO 4 ) x membranes highly attractive for helium and hydrogen separation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) stabilized polyethylenimine (PEI) membranes fabricated by spray coating for highly effective CO 2 /N 2 separation

Greenhouse effect, largely caused by CO 2 emission, has become a major concern for global climate change. Post-combustion CO 2 capture is one of the critical strategies to mitigate this issue. Membrane technology for carbon capture has drawn significant attention because of the cost and energy efficiency and scalability. Many membranes for CO 2 capture are limited by the trade-off between CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity and the long-term stability under practical operating conditions. Facilitated transport membranes with efficient CO 2 carriers have demonstrated potential to surpass the permeability-selectivity trade-off, but these carriers are often lost under operational conditions. In this work, we designed and fabricated a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) stabilized polyethylenimine (PEI) membrane by a facile and scalable spray-coating method. The deposited defect-free selective layer, in which the amine carriers in PEI can be stabilized electrostatically by PSS, exhibited superior CO 2 separation performance with good long-term stability under practical operating conditions. The separation performance was optimized by spray-coating cycles, CNT network loading, and PSS loading. Our membrane showed CO 2 permeance ranging from 820 to 1,770 GPU and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity varying from 395 to 460 under vacuum operation mode in the temperature range between 80 and 90 °C. Furthermore, the membrane was successfully scaled up to 200 cm 2 with good uniformity. These results might suggest a novel membrane structure and a scalable approach for fabrication of highly efficient CO 2 separation membranes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effect of silver($\mathrm{I}$) ion reduction on the selectivity of olefins, paraffins, and aromatic compounds by gas chromatographic stationary phases consisting of silver($\mathrm{I}$) salts in ionic liquids

We report the olefin/paraffin selectivity offered by ionic liquid (IL) stationary phases can be enhanced through the addition of silver(I) ion, which is well-known to undergo selective complexation with unsaturated compounds. However, such stationary phases often suffer from the loss of chromatographic selectivity as silver(I) ion can be reduced to elemental silver. To maintain the separation performance of silver(I) ion/IL stationary phases, an understanding of factors and conditions that promote the reduction of silver(I) ion is needed. In this study, capillary gas chromatography columns featuring a stationary phase consisting of the 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 10 MIM + ][NTf 2 - ]) IL impregnated with [Ag + ][NTf 2 - ] were examined to investigate the effects of temperature, hydrogen content in exposure gas stream, and time of heating/exposure events on olefin selectivity. Retention factors of representative analytes, such as C 6 olefins and paraffins as well as aromatic compounds, were measured after subjecting the columns to the aforementioned conditions, followed by an evaluation of selectivity factors over time. Selectivity factors of olefins and aromatic compounds were observed to decrease significantly when the stationary phases were heated to temperatures higher than 110°C as well as being subjected to mixed gas streams containing greater than 50 mol% of hydrogen. As constant column heating temperatures were applied under exposure gas mixtures containing hydrogen and nitrogen, a gradual decrease in analyte selectivity factors was observed under prolonged periods of time. However, application of a ternary gas mixture comprised of 25/50/25 mol% hydrogen/nitrogen/methane resulted in an increase in the 3-hexyne/cis-2-hexene selectivity when measured at 120°C for 60 h, due to a smaller decrease in the retention factor of 3-hexyne compared to cis-2-hexene.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Printed graphene oxide-based membranes for gas separation and carbon capture

Graphene oxide (GO)-based separation membranes have demonstrated the great potential to separate molecules and ions by the interlayer spacing with tunable nano-sized channels. The scalable fabrication of GO-based gas separation membranes, however, remains challenging, although a few preparation approaches have been reported. Here in this work, we present for the first time that the co-solvent ink-jet printing, as a fast and scalable method, can be utilized for scalable GO-based gas separation membrane preparation. Large-area (>100 cm 2 ), ultrathin, and high-quality GO membrane was successfully deposited on commercial polysulfone (PS) support, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, et al., Selective hydrogen (H 2 ) and helium (He) transport over carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) was demonstrated for the printed GO membrane. To further explore the separation potential of the printed GO-based gas membrane, additives for facilitated molecular transport were incorporated during the membrane printing process. By inserting CO 2 -philic agents into the printed GO membrane, highly efficient separation of CO 2 from N 2 was achieved with CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 70 and CO 2 permeance as high as 2,500 GPU. The strategy proposed here may provide guidance for large-scale GO-based gas separation membrane production and a versatile approach for applying other functional 2-dimensional materials towards the membrane separation application.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using Al 3+ to Tailor Graphene Oxide Nanochannels: Impact on Membrane Stability and Permeability

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes, which form from the lamination of GO sheets, attract much attention due to their unique nanochannels. There is much interest in controlling the nanochannel structures and improving the aqueous stability of GO membranes so they can be effectively used in separation and filtration applications. This study employed a simple yet effective method of introducing trivalent aluminum cations to a GO sheet solution through the oxidation of aluminum foil, which modifies the nanochannels in the self-assembled GO membrane by increasing the inter-sheet distance while decreasing intra-sheet spacing. The Al 3+ modification resulted in an increase in membrane stability in water, methanol, ethanol, and propanol, yet decreased membrane permeability to water and propanol. These changes were attributed to strong interactions between Al 3+ and the membrane oxygenated functional groups, which resulted in an increase in membrane hydrophobicity and a decrease in the intra-sheet spacing as supported by surface tension, contact angle, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Our approach for forming Al 3+ modified GO membranes provides a method for improving the aqueous stability and tailoring the permeation selectivity of GO membranes, which have the potential to be implemented in vapor separation and fuel purification applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Light Hydrocarbon Separations Using Porous Organic Framework Materials

Light hydrocarbons (C 1 –C 3 ) are used as basic energy feedstocks and as commodity organic compounds for the production of many industrially necessary chemicals. Due to the nature of the raw materials and production processes, light hydrocarbons are generated as mixtures, but the high-purity single-component products are of vital importance to the petrochemical industry. Consequently, the separation of these C 1 –C 3 products is a crucial industrial procedure that comprises a significant share of the total global energy consumption per year. As a complement to traditional separation methods (distillation, partial hydrogenation, etc.), adsorptive separations using porous solids have received widespread attention due to their lower energy costs and higher efficiency. Extensive research has been devoted to the use of porous materials such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid adsorbents for these key separations, owing to the high porosity, tunable pore structures, and unsaturated metal sites present in these materials. Recently, porous organic framework (POF) materials composed of organic building blocks linked by covalent bonds have also shown excellent properties in light hydrocarbon adsorption and separation, sparking interest in the use of these materials as adsorbents in separation processes. In this Minireview we summarize the recent advances in the use of POFs for light hydrocarbon separations, including the separation of mixtures of methane/ethane, methane/propane, ethylene/ethane, acetylene/ethylene, and propylene/propane, while highlighting the relationships between the structural features of these materials and their separation performances. Finally, the difficulties, challenges, and opportunities associated with leveraging POFs for light hydrocarbon separations are discussed to conclude the review.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Co-Assembly of Carbon Nanotube Porins into Biomimetic Peptoid Membranes

Robust and cost-effective membrane-based separations are essential to solving many global crises, such as the lack of clean water. Even though the current polymer-based membranes are widely used for separations, their performance and precision can be enhanced by using a biomimetic membrane architecture that consists of highly permeable and selective channels embedded in a universal membrane matrix. Researchers have shown that artificial water and ion channels, such as carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), embedded in lipid membranes can deliver strong separation performance. However, their applications are limited by the relative fragility and low stability of the lipid matrix. In this work, we demonstrate that CNTPs can co-assemble into two-dimension (2D) peptoid membrane nanosheets, opening up a way to produce highly programmable synthetic membranes with superior crystallinity and robustness. A combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements to verify the co-assembly of CNTP and peptoids are used and show that it does not disrupt peptoid monomer packing within the membrane. In conclusion, these results provide a new option for designing affordable artificial membranes and highly robust nanoporous solids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurements of electroweak W ± Z boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of integrated and diferential cross-sections for electroweak W ± Z production in association with two jets (W ± Zjj) in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider from 2015 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb -1 . The W ± Zjj candidate events are reconstructed using leptonic decay modes of the gauge bosons. Events containing three identifed leptons, either electrons or muons, and two jets are selected. Processes involving pure electroweak W ± Zjj production at Born level are separated from W ± Zjj production involving a strong coupling. The measured integrated fducial cross-section of electroweak W ± Zjj production per lepton favour is σ W Zjj-EW→ℓ' νℓℓjj = 0.368 ± 0.037 (stat.) ± 0.059 (syst.) ± 0.003 (lumi.) fb, where ℓ and ℓ' are either an electron or a muon. Respective cross-sections of electroweak and strong W ± Zjj production are measured separately for events with exactly two jets or with more than two jets, and in three bins of the invariant mass of the two jets. The inclusive W ± Zjj production cross-section, without separating electroweak and strong production, is also measured to be σ W Zjj→ℓ ' νℓℓjj = 1.462 ± 0.063 (stat.) ± 0.118 (syst.) ± 0.012 (lumi.) fb, per lepton favour. The inclusive W ± Zjj production cross-section is measured diferentially for several kinematic observables. Finally, the measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Tandem Mass-Selective Cryogenic Digital Ion Traps for Enhanced Cluster Formation

We present the implementation of tandem mass-selective cryogenic ion traps, designed to enhance the range of ion processing capabilities that can be performed prior to spectroscopic interrogation. We show that both the formation of ion clusters and mass filtering steps can be combined in a single cryogenic linear quadrupole ion trap driven by RF square waves. Mass filtering and mass isolation can be achieved by manipulation of the RF frequency and duty cycle. Very importantly, this scheme circumvents the need for high-amplitude RF voltages that can be incompatible with typical cryogenic ion processing conditions. In addition, proper adjustment of the stability boundaries during the clustering process allows for the preferential formation of a specific cluster size rather than a broad distribution of sizes. Lastly, we show that a specific cluster size can be formed, mass-selected, and then transferred to another ion trap for a second completely separate ion processing step. Furthermore, the instrumentation and modular design developed here expand the scope of ionic species and clusters that can be accessed by processing electrosprayed ions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nanoscale Measurements of Charge Transfer at Cocatalyst/Semiconductor Interfaces in BiVO 4 Particle Photocatalysts

Semiconductor photocatalyst particles convert solar energy to fuels like H 2 . The particles are often assumed to provide crystalline-facet-dependent electron-hole separation. A common strategy is to deposit HER electrocatalyst on electron-selective facets and OER electrocatalyst on hole-selective facets. A precise understanding of how charge-carrier-selective contacts emerges and how they rationally designed, however, is missing. Using a combination of ex-situ and in-situ conducting-AFM experiments and new ionomer/catalyst-semiconductor test structures, we show how heterogeneity in charge-carrier selectivity can be measured at the nanoscale. We discover that the presence of interface water/electrolyte is critical to induce hole selectivity between the CoO x water-oxidation catalyst and the BiVO 4 light absorber. pH-dependent measurements suggest that negative surface charge on the semiconductor is central to inducing hole selectivity. Furthermore, the work also demonstrates a new approach to control local pH and introduce water using thin-film ionomers compatible with conductive-AFM measurements.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cast Film Production with Polyethylene Recycled from a Post-Industrial Printed Multilayer Film by Solvent-Targeted Recovery and Precipitation

The solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) process separates and recovers the constituent resins in multilayer plastic packaging films by selective polymer dissolution. In this work, three different experimental methods were considered to recover a polyethylene (PE) resin from a printed multilayer film by STRAP. The methods consisted of (1) a filter bag system, (2) a Soxhlet extraction, and (3) a jacketed dissolution vessel. Cast films were produced with the PE recovered from each method and were analyzed for color, mechanical properties, and number of impurities. High-quality recycled PE cast films can be produced by increasing the solvent to plastic ratio, including a filter pore size of 100 μm, and optimizing temperature control in STRAP. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that STRAP polymers can be recycled back into plastic films, enabling the potential circularity of these packaging materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Radiation-Induced Effects on the Extraction Properties of Hexa-n-octylnitrilo-triacetamide (HONTA) Complexes of Americium and Europium

The candidate An(III)/Ln(III) separation ligand hexa-n-octylnitrilo-triacetamide (HONTA) was irradiated under envisioned SELECT (Solvent Extraction from Liquid waste using Extractants of CHON-type for Transmutation) process conditions (n-dodecane/0.1 M HNO 3 ) using a solvent test loop in conjunction with cobalt-60 gamma irradiation. The extent of HONTA radiolysis and complimentary degradation product formation was quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Further, the impact of HONTA radiolysis on process performance was evaluated by measuring the change in 243 Am and 154 Eu distribution ratios as a function of absorbed gamma dose. HONTA was found to decay exponentially with increasing dose, affording a dose coefficient of d = (4.48 ± 0.19) × 10 –3 kGy –1 . Multiple degradation products were detected by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS with dioctylamine being the dominant quantifiable species. Both 243 Am and 154 Eu distribution ratios exhibited an induction period of ~70 kGy for extraction (0.1 M HNO 3 ) and back-extraction (4.0 M HNO 3 ) conditions, after which both values decreased with absorbed dose. The decrease in distribution ratios was attributed to a combination of the destruction of HONTA and ingrowth of dioctylamine, which is capable of interfering in metal ion complexation. Furthermore, the loss of HONTA with absorbed gamma dose was predominantly attributed to its reaction with the n-dodecane radical cation (R˙ + ). These R˙ + reaction kinetics were measured for HONTA and its 241 Am and 154 Eu complexes using picosecond pulsed electron radiolysis techniques. All three second-order rate coefficients (k) were essentially diffusion limited in n-dodecane indicating a significant reaction pathway: k(HONTA + R˙ + ) = (7.6 ± 0.8) × 10 9 M –1 s –1 , k(Am(HONTA) 2 + R˙ + ) = (7.1 ± 0.7) × 10 10 M –1 s –1 , and k(Eu(HONTA) 2 + R˙ + ) = (9.5 ± 0.5) × 10 10 M –1 s –1 . HONTA-metal ion complexation afforded an order-of-magnitude increase in rate coefficient. Additional nanosecond time-resolved measurements showed that both direct and indirect HONTA radiolysis yielded the short-lived (< 100 ns) HONTA radical cation and a second long-lived (µs) species identified as the HONTA triplet excited state. The latter was confirmed by a series of oxygen quenching picosecond pulsed electron measurements, affording a quenching rate coefficient of k( 3 [HONTA]* + O 2 ) = 2.2 × 10 8 M –1 s –1 . Overall, both the HONTA radical cation and triplet excited state are important precursors to the suite of measured HONTA degradation products.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity from DESI quasar targets and Planck CMB lensing

We detect the cross-correlation between 2.7 million DESI quasar targets across 14,700 deg 2 (180 quasars deg -2 ) and Planck 2018 CMB lensing at ~30σ. We use the cross-correlation on very large scales to constrain local primordial non-Gaussianity via the scale dependence of quasar bias. The DESI quasar targets lie at an effective redshift of 1.51 and are separated into four imaging regions of varying depth and image quality. We select quasar targets from Legacy Survey DR9 imaging, apply additional flux and photometric redshift cuts to improve the purity and reduce the fraction of unclassified redshifts, and use early DESI spectroscopy of 194,000 quasar targets to determine their redshift distribution and stellar contamination fraction (2.6%). Due to significant excess large-scale power in the quasar autocorrelation, we apply weights to mitigate contamination from imaging systematics such as depth, extinction, and stellar density. We use realistic contaminated mocks to determine the greatest number of systematic modes that we can fit, before we are biased by overfitting and spuriously remove real power. We find that linear regression with one to seven imaging templates removed per region accurately recovers the input cross-power, f NL and linear bias. As in previous analyses, our fNL constraint depends on the linear primordial non-Gaussianity bias parameter, b Φ = 2(b - p)δ c assuming universality of the halo mass function. We measure f NL = -26 +45 -40 with p = 1.6 (f NL = -18 +29 -27 with p = 1.0), and find that this result is robust under several systematics tests. Future spectroscopic quasar cross-correlations with Planck lensing can tighten the f NL constraints by a factor of 2 if they can remove the excess power on large scales in the quasar auto power spectrum.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pigment removal from reverse-printed laminated flexible films by solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation

The solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) process separates and recovers the constituent resins in multilayer plastic packaging films by selective polymer dissolution. In this work, the cause of coloring in the STRAP-recycled polyethylene (PE) resins from postindustrial printed films was identified as decomposed diarylide pigments. Two different approaches are needed to completely remove the dissolved colorants during the STRAP process including (i) adding an activated carbon (AC) adsorbent to the solvent after polymer dissolution and (ii) proper mechanical filtration of the polymer-solvent cake to remove as much solvent from the cake as possible. Colorless recycled PE can be produced by a combination of the proposed approaches (choosing the proper solvent, adding an AC adsorbent, and doing proper mechanical filtration) with minimal accumulation of colorants in the recycled STRAP solvents. This study demonstrated that high-quality STRAP low-density PE can be obtained from printed plastic films, enhancing the potential circularity of these packaging materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Azimuthal correlations of heavy-flavor hadron decay electrons with charged particles in pp and p–Pb collisions at $\pmb {\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{{NN}}}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The azimuthal (Δφ ) correlation distributions between heavy-flavor decay electrons and associated charged particles are measured in pp and p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for electrons with transverse momentum 4 < p T < 16 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η| <0.6. The associated charged particles are selected with transverse momentum 1< p T < 7 GeV/c, and relative pseudorapidity separation with the leading electron |Δη| <1. The correlation measurements are performed to study and characterize the fragmentation and hadronization of heavy quarks. The correlation structures are fitted with a constant and two von Mises functions to obtain the baseline and the near- and away-side peaks, respectively. The results from p–Pb collisions are compared with those from pp collisions to study the effects of cold nuclear matter. In the measured trigger electron and associated particle kinematic regions, the two collision systems give consistent results. The Δφ distribution and the peak observables in pp and p–Pb collisions are compared with calculations from various Monte Carlo event generators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗