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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Depth-First Search Image Chasing

This presentation contains results from work on an active NNSS Site-directed research and development (SDRD) project: NLV-019-20. It describes a new algorithm for "few-angle tomography", which can be used to reconstruct an approximation to an object from limited quantities or radiographs under specific conditions. This presentation is an initial documentation of research results thus-far, and we would like to share these methods with colleagues at Lawrence Livermore National Lab who have an expertise in the area of few-angle tomography. Sharing this presentation will be done via email and or teleconference amongst DoE personnel. In the future, we would also like to share these results with collaborators from Academia as well.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Uncertainty Quantification for Point Spread Functions in X-Ray Radiography

X-ray radiographers have tools for estimating the point spread function (PSF) which determines the extent of the blur in images. Knowledge of uncertainties in their estimations can be extremely valuable, and existing methods do not provide this information. We have developed a new technique using a Bayesian framework that will provide useful uncertainties to the estimated PSF.

point spread function↗
DOE OSTI2022

High-contrast, convergent x-ray imaging with laser-Compton sources

Techniques are provided for the production of high-contrast, x-ray and/or gamma-ray radiographic images. The images have minimal contributions from object-dependent background radiation. The invention utilizes the low divergence, quasi-monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output from a laser-Compton source in combination with x-ray optical technologies to produce a converging x-ray or gamma-ray beam with which to produce a high-contrast, shadowgraph of a specific object. The object to be imaged is placed within the path of the converging beam between the x-ray optical assembly and the focus of the x-ray beam produced by that assembly. The beam is then passed through an optically thick pinhole located at the focus of the beam. Downstream of the pinhole, the inverted shadowgraph of the object is then recorded by an appropriate 2D detector array.

Barty, Christopher P. J.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design and Validation of a Gammaray Scanning System for Measuring Irradiated Nuclear Fuel

A prototype gamma-ray scanning system was designed to perform post-irradiation measurements of nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The system is composed of a coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a collimator, and mechanical positioning stages that translate the fuel sample across the front of the collimator. This paper documents the design process, modeling and the laboratory characterization performed to validate the system. The modeling of the system was done using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code with vendor-supplied design specifications, dimensional measurements, and x-ray radiographs of the HPGe detector. The characterization included measurements of calibrated radiation sources in different geometries, and calculations for absolute efficiency and dead time. Benchmark measurements were performed by scanning an irradiated fuel rodlet containing ten pellets of 4.9% enriched UO2 in zirconium alloy. These results were compared to simulated spectra to further help characterize the detector model. One goal of the system is to determine the number of fissions per gram of UO2 in the fuel; comparison of the results from this prototype system's assay of the irradiated fuel rodlet are in agreement with previously estimated results.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

SDRD Image Data Delivery 1/4

This is a collection of radiographic image data collected at the SEALab test bed at Los Alamos operations.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Health Assessment and Performance Monitoring of Large Machine Diagnostics

Diagnostic machines are a crucial component of the Stockpile Stewardship Program for data collection, toward the ultimate goal of improving our understanding of nuclear physics. These systems consist of interactions between many complex components, and require regular maintenance for acceptable performance. The Cygnus X-ray diagnostic located at the Nevada National Security Site's U1a underground facility which provides radiographic data for subcritical experiments, is a prime example of these systems. Component degradation and failures within Cygnus can result in system downtime and data loss, affecting schedules and increasing experiment costs. To evade such failures, years worth of data on machine performance has been collected on the two Cygnus axes in the form of voltage and current measurements of Cygnus' various components. Using these as input, we have developed machine learning techniques for assessing the health of Cygnus, with the ultimate goal of predicting declining performance and machine failure.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Irradiated Low-Enriched Uranium Fuel Measurements with a Gamma-Ray Scanning System

A gamma-ray scanning system was designed to perform post-irradiation measurements of nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The system is composed of a coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a collimator, and mechanical positioning stages that translate the fuel sample across the front of the collimator. A Monte Carlo N-Particle code simulation of the system and the fuel were created with vendor-supplied design specifications, dimensional measurements, and x-ray radiographs of the HPGe detector as well as all available fuel specifications. Benchmark measurements were performed by scanning an irradiated fuel rodlet containing eight pellets of 0.74% enriched UO2 in zirconium alloy. This fuel rodlet was part of the Static Environment Rodlet Transient Test Apparatus (SERTTA) testing campaign in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). These results were compared to simulated spectra to help characterize the detector model and establish fidelity. A goal of the system is to determine the number of fissions per gram of UO2 in the fuel. This paper documents the modeling of the system and the calculation of the number of fissions per gram along the axial length of the SERTTA-C rodlet.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF A GAMMA-RAY SCANNING SYSTEM FOR MEASURING IRRADIATED NUCLEAR FUEL (ABSTRACT)

A prototype gamma-ray scanning system was designed to perform post-irradiation measurements of nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The system is composed of a coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a collimator, and mechanical positioning stages that translate the fuel sample across the front of the collimator. This paper documents the design process, modeling and the laboratory characterization performed to validate the system. The modeling of the system was done using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code with vendor-supplied design specifications, dimensional measurements, and x-ray radiographs of the HPGe detector. The characterization included measurements of calibrated radiation sources in different geometries, and calculations for absolute efficiency and dead time. Benchmark measurements were performed by scanning an irradiated fuel rodlet containing ten pellets of 4.9% enriched UO2 in zirconium alloy. These results were compared to simulated spectra to further help characterize the detector model. One goal of the system is to determine the number of fissions per gram of UO2 in the fuel; comparison of the results from this prototype system's assay of the irradiated fuel rodlet are in agreement with previously estimated results.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

DETERMINATION OF THE SOLID-STATE RESISTANCE-WELDABILITY OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED 304L STAINLESS STEEL

Additive manufacturing of pressure-containing boundaries is of interest to numerous industries, so a project was initiated to develop several different methods to join and weld additively manufactured materials. The approach investigated in this study was a low energy, solid state spot weld. This general approach has been routinely used for conventionally prepared tubing and is now being expanded to additively manufactured components. Additively manufactured 304L stainless steel sheets, semi-tubes, and tubes were resistance spot welded and compared to comparable welds in conventionally manufactured tubing. Radiographic computed tomography and metallography were used to evaluate the suitability of the welds using three criteria: weld closure length, thickness, and width. All additively manufactured test welds closely matched the conventional tubing for these criteria

additive manufacturing↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurements of Irradiated Low Enriched Fuel with a Gamma-Ray Scanning System (ANIMMA 2023 Conference Presentation)

A gamma-ray scanning system was designed to perform post-irradiation measurements of nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The system is composed of a coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, a collimator, and mechanical positioning stages that translate the fuel sample across the front of the collimator. A Monte Carlo N-Particle code simulation of the system and the fuel were created with vendor-supplied design specifications, dimensional measurements, and x-ray radiographs of the HPGe detector as well as all available fuel specifications. Benchmark measurements were performed by scanning an irradiated fuel rodlet containing eight pellets of 0.74% enriched UO2 in zirconium alloy. This fuel rodlet was part of the Environment Rodlet Transient Test Apparatus (SERTTA) testing campaign in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT). These results were compared to simulated spectra to help characterize the detector model and establish fidelity. One goal of the system is to determine the number of fissions per gram of UO2 in the fuel. This article documents the modeling, benchmarking measurements, and the calculated number of fissions per gram in the SERTTA-A rodlet which was previously irradiated at TREAT.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Improved field assessments of chemicals and explosives using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a tagged neutron interrogation system

A fi eld-portable tagged neutron interrogation system is being developed for detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents by prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis. The system combines an associated particle imaging deuterium-tritium neutron generator with a high-purity germanium gamma-ray detector. Fine spatial resolution neutron and alpha detectors enable precise mapping of characteristic gamma-ray emission distributions onto high-clarity neutron radiographic images. A narrow coincidence gate associated with each tagged neutron ensures a large signal-to-background ratio, thus signifi cantly improving sensitivity to the chemical compositions of the items being assessed. Recent experimental results recorded from test objects involving mock explosives and other chemicals are presented.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Improved field assessments of chemicals and explosives using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a tagged neutron interrogation system

A fi eld-portable tagged neutron interrogation system is being developed for detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents by prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis. The system combines an associated particle imaging deuterium-tritium neutron generator with a high-purity germanium gamma-ray detector. Fine spatial resolution neutron and alpha detectors enable precise mapping of characteristic gamma-ray emission distributions onto high-clarity neutron radiographic images. A narrow coincidence gate associated with each tagged neutron ensures a large signal-to-background ratio, thus signifi cantly improving sensitivity to the chemical compositions of the items being assessed. Recent experimental results recorded from test objects involving mock explosives and other chemicals are presented.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2023

NRAD Program Presentation

This is a PowerPoint presentation highlighting the Idaho National Laboratory's Neutron Radiography Reactor, NRAD, programmatic capabilities, neutron radiography quality assurance requirements, and examples of resulting training, informational, and typical radiographic capabilities for nondestructive testing of irradiated nuclear reactor fuels.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1998

Composite x-ray image assembly for large-field digital mammography with one- and two-dimensional positioning of a focal plane array

To demonstrate the feasibility of a novel large-field digital mammography technique, a 1024 x 1024 pixel Loral charge-coupled device (CCD) focal plane array (FPA) was positioned in a mammographic field with one- and two-dimensional scan sequences to obtain 950 x 1800 pixel and 3600 x 3600 pixel composite images, respectively. These experiments verify that precise positioning of FPAs produced seamless composites and that the CCD mosaic concept has potential for high-resolution, large-field imaging. The proposed CCD mosaic concept resembles a checkerboard pattern with spacing left between the CCDs for the driver and readout electronics. To obtain a complete x-ray image, the mosaic must be repositioned four times, with an x-ray exposure at each position. To reduce the patient dose, a lead shield with appropriately patterned holes is placed between the x-ray source and the patient. The high-precision motorized translation stages and the fiber-coupled-scintillating-screen-CCD sensor assembly were placed in the position usually occupied by the film cassette. Because of the high mechanical precision, seamless composites were constructed from the subimages. This paper discusses the positioning, image alignment procedure, and composite image results. The paper only addresses the formation of a seamless composite image from subimages and will not consider the effects of the lead shield, multiple CCDs, or the speed of motion.

Mammography/methods/statistics & numerical data↗
DOE OSTI2021

Characterisation of a laser plasma betatron source for high resolution x-ray imaging

Abstract We report on the characterisation of an x-ray source, generated by a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator. The spectrum of the optimised source was consistent with an on-axis synchrotron spectrum with a critical energy of 13.8 − 1.9 + 2.2 keV and the number of photons per pulse generated above 1 keV was calculated to be 6 − 0.9 + 1.2 × 10 9 . The x-ray beam was used to image a resolution grid placed 37 cm from the source, which gave a measured spatial resolution of 4 µ m × 5 µ m. The inferred emission region had a radius and length of 0.5 ± 0.2 µ m and 3.2 ± 0.9 mm respectively. It was also observed that laser damage to the exit aperture of the gas cell led to a reduction in the accelerated electron beam charge and a corresponding reduction in x-ray flux due to the change in the plasma density profile.

plasma acceleration↗
DOE OSTI2024

Neural network methods for radiation detectors and imaging

Recent advances in image data proccesing through deep learning allow for new optimization and performance-enhancement schemes for radiation detectors and imaging hardware. This enables radiation experiments, which includes photon sciences in synchrotron and X-ray free electron lasers as a subclass, through data-endowed artificial intelligence. We give an overview of data generation at photon sources, deep learning-based methods for image processing tasks, and hardware solutions for deep learning acceleration. Most existing deep learning approaches are trained offline, typically using large amounts of computational resources. However, once trained, DNNs can achieve fast inference speeds and can be deployed to edge devices. A new trend is edge computing with less energy consumption (hundreds of watts or less) and real-time analysis potential. While popularly used for edge computing, electronic-based hardware accelerators ranging from general purpose processors such as central processing units (CPUs) to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are constantly reaching performance limits in latency, energy consumption, and other physical constraints. These limits give rise to next-generation analog neuromorhpic hardware platforms, such as optical neural networks (ONNs), for high parallel, low latency, and low energy computing to boost deep learning acceleration (LA-UR-23-32395).

edge computing↗