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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Quantum entanglement and quantum phase transition in the XY model with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

We study the quantum entanglement and quantum phase transition (QPT) of the anisotropic spin-1/2 XY model with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction by means of the quantum renormalization group method. The scaling of coupling constants and the critical points of the system are obtained. It is found that when the number of renormalization group iterations tends to infinity, the system exhibit a QPT between the spin-fluid and Neel phases which correspond with two saturated values of the concurrence for a given value of the strength of DM interaction. The DM interaction can enhance the entanglement and influence the QPT of the system. To gain further insight, the first derivative of the entanglement exhibit a nonanalytic behavior at the critical point and it directly associates with the divergence of the correlation length. This shows that the correlation length exponent is closely related to the critical exponent, i.e., the scaling behaviors of the system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Unconditional security proof of a deterministic quantum key distribution with a two-way quantum channel

In a deterministic quantum key distribution (DQKD) protocol with a two-way quantum channel, Bob sends a qubit to Alice who then encodes a key bit onto the qubit and sends it back to Bob. After measuring the returned qubit, Bob can obtain Alice's key bit immediately, without basis reconciliation. Since an eavesdropper may attack the qubits traveling on either the Bob-Alice channel or the Alice-Bob channel, the security analysis of DQKD protocol with a two-way quantum channel is complicated and its unconditional security has been controversial. This paper presents a security proof of a single-photon four-state DQKD protocol against general attacks.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Continuous phase transition between bosonic integer quantum Hall liquid and a trivial insulator: Evidence for deconfined quantum criticality

The deconfined quantum critical point, a prototype Landau-forbidden transition, could exist, in principle, in the phase transitions involving a symmetry-protected topological phase; however, examples of such kinds of transitions in physical systems are rare beyond one-dimensional systems. Here, using a density-matrix renormalization-group calculation, we unveil a bosonic integer quantum Hall phase in a two-dimensional correlated honeycomb lattice, by full identification of its internal structure from the topological K matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrate that imbalanced periodic chemical potentials can destroy the bosonic integer quantum Hall state and drive it into a featureless trivial (Mott) insulator, where all physical observables evolve smoothly across the critical point. At the critical point, the entanglement entropy reveals a characteristic scaling behavior, which is consistent with the critical field theory as an emergent QED3 with two flavors of Dirac fermions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum fragmentation in the extended quantum breakdown model

We introduce a one-dimensional (1D) extended quantum breakdown model comprising a fermionic and a spin degree of freedom per site, and featuring a spatially asymmetric breakdown-type interaction between the fermions and spins. Furthermore, our model resembles the breakdown process of particles incident into a cloud chamber with nonzero quantum amplitudes of both exciting and not exciting the local vapor atoms. We analytically show that, in the absence of any magnetic field for the spins, the model exhibits Hilbert space fragmentation within each symmetry sector into exponentially many Krylov subspaces and hence displays nonthermal dynamics. Here, we demonstrate that the fragmentation naturally occurs in an entangled basis and thus provides an example of “quantum fragmentation.” Besides establishing the nature of fragmentation analytically, we also study the long-time behavior of the entanglement entropy and its deviation from the expected Page value as a probe of ergodicity in the system. Upon introducing a magnetic field for the spins, most of the Krylov subspaces merge and the model becomes chaotic. Finally, we study the effects of strong randomness on the system and observe behavior similar to that of many-body localized systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Superconducting qubit as a quantum transformer routing entanglement between a microscopic quantum memory and a macroscopic resonator

We demonstrate experimentally the creation and measurement of an entangled state between a microscopic two-level system (TLS), formed by a defect in an oxide layer, and a macroscopic superconducting resonator, where their indirect interaction is mediated by an artificial atom, a superconducting persistent current qubit (PCQB). Under appropriate conditions, we found the coherence time of the TLS, the resonator, and the entangled state of these two are significantly longer than the Ramsey dephasing time of PCQB itself. This demonstrates that a PCQB can be used as a quantum transformer to address high coherence microscopic quantum memories by connecting them to macroscopic quantum buses.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quantum Hall stripes in high-density GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells

We report on quantum Hall stripes (QHSs) formed in higher Landau levels of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells with high carrier density (n e > 4 × 10 11 cm –2 ) which is expected to favor QHS orientation along the unconventional < 1¯10 > crystal axis and along the in-plane magnetic field B ∥ . Surprisingly, we find that at B ∥ = 0 QHSs in our samples are aligned along the < 110 > direction and can be reoriented only perpendicular to B ∥ . Furthermore, these findings suggest that high density alone is not a decisive factor for either abnormal native QHS orientation or alignment with respect to B ∥ , while quantum confinement of the 2DEG likely plays an important role.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Geometric quench in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Exact solution in quantum Hall matrix models and comparison with bimetric theory

In this work, we investigate the recently introduced geometric quench protocol for fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states within the framework of exactly solvable quantum Hall matrix models. In the geometric quench protocol, a FQH state is subjected to a sudden change in the ambient geometry, which introduces anisotropy into the system. We formulate this quench in the matrix models and then we solve exactly for the postquench dynamics of the system and the quantum fidelity (Loschmidt echo) of the postquench state. Next, we explain how to define a spin-2 collective variable g ' a b ( t ) in the matrix models, and we show that for a weak quench (small anisotropy), the dynamics of g ' a b ( t ) agrees with the dynamics of the intrinsic metric governed by the recently discussed bimetric theory of FQH states. We also find a modification of the bimetric theory such that the predictions of the modified bimetric theory agree with those of the matrix model for arbitrarily strong quenches. Finally, we introduce a class of higher-spin collective variables for the matrix model, which are related to generators of the W ∞ algebra, and we show that the geometric quench induces nontrivial dynamics for these variables.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Comparison of quantum-mechanical and semiclassical approaches for an analysis of spin dynamics in quantum dots

Two approaches to the description of spin dynamics of electron-nuclear system in quantum dots are compared: the quantum-mechanical one is based on direct diagonalization of the model Hamiltonian and semiclassical one is based on coupled equations for precession of mean electron spin and mean spin of nuclear spin fluctuations. The comparison was done for a model problem describing periodic excitation of electron-nuclear system by optical excitation. The computation results show that scattering of parameters related to fluctuation of the nuclear spin system leads to appearance of an ordered state in the system caused by periodic excitation and to the effect of electron-spin mode locking in an external magnetic field. It is concluded that both models can qualitatively describe the mode-locking effect, however give significantly different quantitative results. This may indicate the limited applicability of the precession model for describing the spin dynamics in quantum dots in the presence of optical pumping.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Multiparameter Quantum Group and Quantum Minkowski Space-Time

—We construct representations of the quantum algebras U{sub q,q}(gl(n)) and U{sub q,q}(sl(n)) which depend on n(n−1)/ 2+1 deformation parameters q,q{sub ij} (1⩽i<j⩽n ) which is the maximal possible number in the case of GL(n). The representations act on the space of formal power series of n(n−1)/ 2 non-commuting variables which generate quantum flag manifolds of GL{sub qq}(n), SL{sub qq}(n). For n=4 we consider in detail the multiparameter quantum Minkowski space-time.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Electron-Quantum Transport in Pseudomorphic and Metamorphic In{sub 0.2}Ga{sub 0.8}As-Based Quantum Wells

Metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures based on deep In{sub 0.2}Ga{sub 0.8}As/In{sub 0.2}Al{sub 0.8}As quantum wells (0.7 eV for Γ electrons) with different metamorphic buffer designs are implemented and investigated for the first time. The electronic properties of metamorphic and pseudomorphic HEMT structures with the same doping are compared. It is found that, over a temperature range of 4–300 K, both the electron mobility and concentration in the HEMT structure with a linear metamorphic buffer are higher than those in the pseudomorphic HEMT structure due to an increase in the depth of the quantum well. Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements demonstrate that the quantum momentum-relaxation time decreases considerably in metamorphic HEMT structures because of enhanced small-angle scattering resulting from structural defects and inhomogeneities, while the dominant scattering mechanism in structures of both types is still due to remote ionized impurities.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS2004

Long distance quantum communication using quantum error correction

We describe a quantum error correction scheme that can increase the effective absorption length of the communication channel. This device can play the role of a quantum transponder when placed in series, or a cyclic quantum memory when inserted in an optical loop.

quantum memory quantum repeater↗
NASA NTRS2006

Quantum Well and Quantum Dot Modeling for Advanced Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays

This viewgraph presentation reviews the modeling of Quantum Well Infrared Detectors (QWIP) and Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors (QDIP) in the development of Focal Plane Arrays (FPA). The QWIP Detector being developed is a dual band detector. It is capable of running on two bands Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) and Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR). The same large-format dual-band FPA technology can be applied to Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) with no modification, once QDIP exceeds QWIP in single device performance. Details of the devices are reviewed.

quantum well↗
DOE OSTI2014

Conditions for uniqueness of product representations for separable quantum channels and separable quantum states

We give a sufficient condition that an operator sum representation of a separable quantum channel in terms of product operators is the unique product representation for that channel, and then provide examples of such channels for any number of parties. This result has implications for efforts to determine whether or not a given separable channel can be exactly implemented by local operations and classical communication. By the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, it also translates to a condition for the uniqueness of product state ensembles representing a given quantum state. These ideas follow from considerations concerning whether or not a subspace spanned by a given set of product operators contains at least one additional product operator.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Controllable diffraction pattern in semiconductor quantum well based on quantum coherence

In this paper, we study properties of diffraction of a weak probe field interacting with a symmetric semiconductor quantum well that is coherently manipulated by a standing wave. Based on the theory of quantum coherent and of light diffraction, we can obtain distribution of the diffraction spectra of the probe field. We consider the influences of Kerr nonlinear effect on the diffraction pattern, and studies show the distribution of diffraction pattern can be controlled through choosing appropriate physical parameters of system. Kerr nonlinear effect can enhance the brightness of central pattern and improve the transmission efficiency of the incident beam. A controllable diffraction pattern has potential applications in some areas, such as design of quantum diffractive optical elements, grating imaging system, precision measurement and so on.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mercury Chalcogenide Nanoplatelet–Quantum Dot Heterostructures as a New Class of Continuously Tunable Bright Shortwave Infrared Emitters

Despite broad applications in imaging, energy conversion, and telecommunications, few nanoscale moieties emit light efficiently in the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–2000 nm or 1.24–0.62 eV). We report quantum-confined mercury chalcogenide (HgX, where X = Se or Te) nanoplatelets (NPLs) can be induced to emit bright (QY > 30%) and tunable (900–1500+ nm) infrared emission from attached quantum dot (QD) “defect” states. Here, we demonstrate near unity energy transfer from NPL to these QDs, which completely quench NPL emission and emit with a high QY through the SWIR. This QD defect emission is kinetically tunable, enabling controlled midgap emission from NPLs. Spectrally resolved photoluminescence demonstrates energy-dependent lifetimes, with radiative rates 10–20 times faster than those of their PbX analogues in the same spectral window. Coupled with their high quantum yield, midgap emission HgX dots on HgX NPLs provide a potential platform for novel optoelectronics in the SWIR.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Atomistic Environments: Harnessing Quantum-Classical Theory with Generalized Quantum Master Equations

The development of methods that can efficiently and accurately treat nonadiabatic dynamics in quantum systems coupled to arbitrary atomistic environments remains a significant challenge in problems ranging from exciton transport in photovoltaic materials to electron and proton transfer in catalysis. Here we show that our recently introduced MF-GQME approach, which combines Ehrenfest mean field theory with the generalized quantum master equation framework, is able to yield quantitative accuracy over a wide range of charge-transfer regimes in fully atomistic environments. This is accompanied by computational speed-ups of up to 3 orders of magnitude over a direct application of Ehrenfest theory. Here, this development offers the opportunity to efficiently investigate the atomistic details of nonadiabatic quantum relaxation processes in regimes where obtaining accurate results has previously been elusive.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Quantum Phase Engineering of Two-Dimensional Post-Transition Metals by Substrates: Toward a Room-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator

In this work, we propose a new strategy to engineer topological and magnetic properties of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattices consisting of post-transition metals. Our first-principles calculations demonstrate that substrates serve as templates to form 2D lattices with high thermodynamic stability, where their topological properties as well as magnetic properties sensitively change as a function of lattice constants, i.e., the system undergoes a first-order phase transition from nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic state above a critical lattice constant. Consequently, substrates can be used to explore versatile magnetic, electronic, and quantum topological properties. We establish phase diagrams of versatile quantum phases in terms of exchange coupling and spin–orbit coupling effectively tuned by the lattice constants. We further reveal the first room-temperature quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, i.e., Sn on 2√3 × 2√3 graphane is a QAH insulator with a large spin–orbit coupling gap of ~0.2 eV and a Curie temperature of ~380 K by using the 2D anisotropic Heisenberg model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Deterministic Placement of Quantum-Size Controlled Quantum Dots for Seamless Top-Down Integration

We demonstrate a new route toward the integration and deterministic placement of quantum dots (QDs) within prepatterned nanostructures. Using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL) and inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etching (ICP-RIE), we fabricate arrays of nanowires on a III-nitride platform. Next, we integrate QDs of controlled size within the prepatterned nanowires using a bandgap-selective, wet-etching technique: quantum-size-controlled photoelectrochemical (QSC-PEC) etching. Low-temperature microphotoluminescence (μ-PL) measurements of individual nanowires reveal sharp spectral signatures, indicative of QD formation. Further, internal quantum efficiency (IQE) measurements reveal a near order of magnitude improvement in emitter efficiency following QSC-PEC etching. Finally, second-order cross-correlation (g(2)(0)) measurements of individual QDs directly confirm nonclassical, antibunching behavior. Lastly, our results illustrate an exciting approach toward the top-down integration of nonclassical light sources within nanophotonic platforms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗