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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

A comparison of EUV spectroheliograms and photospheric magnetograms

A comparison of EUV data from an experiment on the OSO-6 satellite with photospheric magnetograms from Kitt Peak National Observatory indicates relationships between the strength of the photospheric magnetic field and density in the overlying corona in quiet and in active regions, distinctly differing from previous notions. In addition, the photospheric field beneath a coronal hole is found to be virtually identical to that beneath normal quiet regions.

Gurman, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Fine structure of the sun at 1.3 cm wavelength

The two-element interferometer at Hat Creek Observatory was used at 1.3-cm wavelength to study the fine structure of the radio emissive regions on the sun. Observations of the quiet sun at 1.3 cm show sudden changes in the fringe amplitude and phase, lasting for typically about 5 to 8 min. Assuming that these events are identical in nature, a plot of peak amplitude vs the projected baseline at the time of the event suggests emission from a region of angular size of about 10 sec. The corresponding brightness temperature is 50,000 K. It is possible that these events may be related to the appearance and disappearance of groups of spicules or mottles.

Kundu, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Organic synthesis in a simulated Jovian atmosphere. III - Synthesis of aminonitriles

The products from spark and semicorona discharges through mixtures simulating the Jovian atmosphere were analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. When the reaction was performed at -80 C, 3-ethylaminopropionitrile and a number of higher homologs were formed. On the other hand, at +20 C, higher molecular-weight material appeared which yielded aminonitrile-derived fragments on mass spectrometry. Although the spectra were not identical, there were notable similarities between these and the mass spectra of some compounds present in the Murray and Orgeuil meteorites. Aminonitriles may occur as minor constituents of the Jovian atmosphere and perhaps by cyclization may produce pyrimidines.

Molton, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Multiwavelength laser induced fluorescence of algae in-vivo - A new remote sensing technique

In order to accurately determine the quantity of chlorophyll a in living algae by fluorescence spectrometry, either remotely or in the laboratory, the fluorescence excitation cross section must be known. Laboratory fluorescence studies of a number of different algae species representative of the various color groups were performed. These measurements indicate distinct maximum spectral excitation regions which differ from one color group to another. Within each color group, however, the fluorescent properties were nearly identical, regardless of species. These two key features - namely, the similarity of fluorescent properties within a color group, and the distinct spectral differences between color groups - make possible the simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a content of an unknown mixture of phytoplankton and the distribution of chlorophyll a among the various color groups.

Mumola, P. B.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Quantum graviton creation in a model universe

Consideration of the mechanism of production of gravitons in the empty, anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous Gowdy three-torus cosmology. The Gowdy cosmology is an exact solution of the vacuum Einstein equations and is obtained as a generalization of the homogeneous empty Bianchi Type I (Kasner) cosmology by permitting the metric components to depend on one of the space variables in addition to time. The Hamiltonian methods of Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner are employed to identify the dynamical variables which are to be quantized. The WKB regime solution is identical to that found by Doroshkevich, Zel'dovich, and Novikov (DZN) for a universe containing collisionless anisotropic radiation. Using a procedure similar to that of Parker (1971) or Zel'dovich and Starobinskii (1971) for defining quantum number, it is found that the DZN large-time radiation consists of quanta (gravitons) created from an initial vacuum. The quantum behavior is much like the semiclassical enhancement of quantum number with the added feature of creation of quanta from vacuum fluctuations.

Berger, B. K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The cosmic ray electron spectrum and its modulation from 1968 through 1972

Over the past five years we have measured the energy spectrum of primary cosmic ray electrons with both a balloon-borne and a satellite absorption spectrometer. All of the balloon flights used identical equipment that was launched each summer from Fort Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. The satellite, OGO-5, has been in an eccentric orbit since March 1968. Together these instruments provide the electron spectrum over a range of energy from 20 MeV to 20 GeV. This wide range and the substantial span of time covered by the measurements permit a detailed study of the solar modulation of electrons. These results are compared with the modulation of the nuclear components as observed by a neutron monitor and interpreted using the cosmic ray transport equation.

Fulks, G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Effects of diffusion on aluminum depletion and degradation of NiAl coatings

Experiments were performed to critically demonstrate the effects of diffusion on the aluminum depletion and degradation of NiAl coatings on superalloys. Pack aluminized IN 100 and Mar-M200 were diffusion annealed in 5 mtorr vacuum at 1100 C for 300 hr. Aluminum losses due to oxidation and vaporization were minimal. Metallographic and electron microprobe analyses showed considerable interdiffusion of the coating with the substrate, which caused a large decrease in the original aluminum level of the coating. Subsequent cyclic furnace oxidation tests were performed at 1100 C using 1 hr cycles on prediffused and as-coated specimens. The prediffusion treatment decreased the oxidation and as-coated specimens. The prediffusion treatment decreased the oxidation protection for both alloys, but more dramatically for IN 100. Identical oxidation tests of bulk NiAl, where such diffusion effects are precluded, showed no signs of degradation at twice the time needed to degrade the coated superalloys.

Smialek, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Parameter estimation using an a posteriori criterion

A procedure for system parameter estimation from noisy data is presented that is based on an a posteriori criterion. It is compared with a maximum likelihood approach for a process-noise case. Both methods yield identical results when the process noise is not modeled.

Bach, R. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves

Several aspects of the theory of large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves and their behavior in the interplanetary medium are examined. The characteristic modes of the full (i.e., nonlinearized) MHD equations and their modification by collisionless and finite-frequency effects are considered. Special attention is paid to the transverse Alfven mode, which is undamped and characterized by strictly constant pressure, density, and B; this seems to be the predominant propagating fluctuation at 1 AU. It is shown that its propagation in the small-wavelength (WKB) approximation is essentially identical to that of the small-amplitude Alfven wave of linearized theory. It is also suggested that its presence at 1 AU may provide a natural explanation of the observed power anisotropy of the fluctuations. A second-order analysis is used to study fluctuations that are not characteristic modes. It is found that for a small range of propagation directions, and subject to third-order effects, a finite-amplitude wave can exist that is linearly polarized with delta B perpendicular to both B sub zero and k; such a wave can damp nonlinearly.

Barnes, A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Thermally-restorable optical degradation and the mechanism of current transport in Cu2S-CdS photovoltaic cells

The photovoltaic properties of single-crystal Cu2S-CdS heterojunctions have been investigated as a function of heat treatment by detailed measurements of the dependence of short-circuit current on photon energy, temperature, and the state of optical degradation or enhancement. A coherent picture is formulated for the relationship between enhancement and optical degradation, and their effect on the transport of short-circuit photoexcited current and dark, forward-bias current in the cell. Optical degradation in the Cu2S-CdS cell is shown to be closely identical to optical degradation of lifetime in a homogeneous CdS:Cd:Cu crystal, indicating that the CdS:Cu layer near the junction interface controls carrier transport in the cell. It is proposed that both the photoexcited short-circuit current and the dark, forward-bias current are controlled by a tunneling-recombination process through interface states.

Fahrenbruch, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The development of sine vibration test requirements for Viking lander capsule components

In connection with the Viking project for exploring the planet Mars, two identical spacecraft, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, will be launched in the third quarter of 1975. Upon arrival at the planet, the Viking lander will separate from the Viking orbiter and descend to a soft landing at a selected site on the Mars surface. It was decided to perform a sine vibration test on the Viking spacecraft, in its launch configuration, to qualify it for the booster-induced transient-dynamic environment. It is shown that component-level testing is a cost- and schedule-effective prerequisite to the system-level, sine-vibration test sequences.

Barrett, S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Test results on the Viking gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer experiment

The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument to be utilized in the Viking 1975 Molecular Analysis experiment has undergone preliminary testing in its flight configured version. A synthetic mixture of 24 components as well as a sample of the Murchison meteorite has been used for this purpose. The resulting data not only allowed the identification of most of the organic compounds known to be present, but also revealed the identity of a few unexpected ones. Thus, the sensitivity and reliability of the instrument and data system are satisfactorily demonstrated.

Biemann, K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Skylab medical operational support

To support the medical research and the maintenance of crew health during the three Skylab missions, a medical operational support team was organized. The functions of this team ranged from medical data management to medical systems engineering monitoring during the flights. The capability to expand preflight and postflight medical research and analysis was supplied through the use of the Skylab mobile laboratories. These mobile laboratories were not only capable of being transported to the recovery ship for postflight use, but also served as a preflight test area for gathering crewman baseline data. The laboratories contained experiment hardware identical to that of the flight orbital workshop and a laboratory diagnostic facility that duplicated many of the capabilities of ground-based clinical laboratories.

Primeaux, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Influence of mechanical properties on the combustion of propellants

Experimental study of the effects of minor compositional variables upon the combustion behavior of composite solid propellants. More specifically, it was attempted to determine the influence of ingredients that improve the mechanical properties upon the oscillatory combustion characteristics. Tests were carried out in the familiar Crawford bomb, a low-pressure L-star burner, and a high-pressure T-burner. Two families of propellants were investigated; each family consists of two propellants with a minor compositional variation between them. In the family that shows a decreasing (steady state) pressure index (n) with increasing pressures, all of the combustion characteristics are found to be very similar although the mechanical properties are widely different. In the other family, which shows an increasing n with increasing pressures, unmistakable differences are found between the two propellants in the low-pressure L-star instability behavior (along with the differences in the mechanical properties), while the other combustion characteristics are almost identical. The results are interpreted to be consistent with a theory that highlights the importance of condensed phase heat-transfer effects.

Kumar, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evidence for an episode of crater obliteration intermediate in Martian history

It is shown that Mars experienced a brief episode of an increased obliteration rate contemporaneous with the formation of the cratered plains units. The obliteration rate during this episode was at least an order of magnitude greater than the preexisting rate. The obliteration rates prior to and after the event were identical within a factor of 3. Regional variations in the observed densities of degraded craters on the cratered terrain are shown to result from differences in the intensity of the obliteration rate during the event. The identification and characterization of the event are accomplished by using crater diameter-frequency distributions, not only for the total crater population but also for four morphological classes. Distributions are selected from 38 regions within the Martian equatorial latitudes.

Jones, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Luminescence of powdered uranium glasses

Measurement of cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence efficiencies in powdered borosilicate glasses having different particle size and different uranium content. Excitation with 100 to 350 keV electrons and with 253.7 nm light was found to produce identical absolute radiant exitance spectra in powdered samples. The most efficient glass was one containing 29.4 wt% B2O3, 58.8 wt% SiO2, 9.8 wt% Na2O and 2.0 wt% UO2.

Eubanks, A. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Motor-driven rack-positioning device

Ramped clutch plate prevents damage to gear traing and provides ample linear motion for actuation of microswitch. Operation of device is not affected by number of revolutions which pinion shaft must make to produce required translations. Since ramps in spur gear are conical, device will actuate identically at each mechanical stop.

Crissey, M. E.↗