SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “future colliders”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2026

Rare and Experimentally Challenging Supersymmetry Signatures

Supersymmetry has long played a central role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model at colliders, providing a comprehensive and internally consistent framework for generating well-motivated experimental signatures. For more than 15 years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operation, the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations have achieved remarkable sensitivity to a wide range of supersymmetric signatures. Despite this unprecedented reach, no conclusive evidence for supersymmetry has emerged. If supersymmetry is nature's solution to outstanding questions in particle physics, it is necessarily challenging to find. In this article, we review supersymmetric signatures that are particularly rare or otherwise challenging, with a focus on searches at the LHC. We highlight experimental challenges related to detector constraints and analysis difficulties, in addition to model challenges in the interpretation and optimization of searches. Here, we also identify regions of signature space that remain comparatively unconstrained and therefore represent promising targets for future exploration.

Large Hadron Collider↗

DOE OSTI2025

United States Muon Collider Community White Paper for the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update

This document is being submitted to the 2024-2026 European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) process on behalf of the US Muon Collider community, with its preparation coordinated by the interim US Muon Collider Coordination Group. The US Muon Collider Community comprises a few hundred American scientists. The purpose of the document is to inform ESPPU about the US plans for Muon Collider research and development (R&D), explain how these efforts align with the broader international R&D initiatives, and present the US community vision for the future realization of this transformative project.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass'21 Accelerator Frontier

The Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. “Snowmass”) is the form of organization of regular, every 6 to 8 years, discussions among the entire particle physics community to develop a scientifc vision for the future of particle physics in the U.S. and its international partners. The Snowmass’21 Accelerator Frontier activities include discussions on high-energy hadron and lepton colliders, high-intensity beams for neutrino research and for the “Physics Beyond Colliders”, accelerator technologies, science, education and outreach as well as the progress of core accelerator technology, including RF, magnets, targets and sources.

Gourlay, Stephen Alan↗

DOE OSTI2024

A low-latency graph computer to identify metastable particles at the Large Hadron Collider for real-time analysis of potential dark matter signatures

Abstract Image recognition is a pervasive task in many information-processing environments. We present a solution to a difficult pattern recognition problem that lies at the heart of experimental particle physics. Future experiments with very high-intensity beams will produce a spray of thousands of particles in each beam-target or beam-beam collision. Recognizing the trajectories of these particles as they traverse layers of electronic sensors is a massive image recognition task that has never been accomplished in real time. We present a real-time processing solution that is implemented in a commercial field-programmable gate array using high-level synthesis. It is an unsupervised learning algorithm that uses techniques of graph computing. A prime application is the low-latency analysis of dark-matter signatures involving metastable charged particles that manifest as disappearing tracks.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2025

Phenomenology of electroweak portal dark showers: high energy direct probes and low energy complementarity

We investigate the phenomenology of a dark QCD sector interacting with the Standard Model (SM) via the electroweak (EW) portals. The portal interactions allow SM bosons, such as Z and h, or additional bosons that mix with them, to decay into dark quarks, producing dark showers. The light dark mesons are expected to be long-lived particles (LLPs), as their decays back to the SM states through the EW-portal interactions typically have macroscopic decay lengths. We focus on dark shower events initiated by various bosons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The most prominent signal is the displaced decay of GeV-scale dark pions as LLPs. Current limits on dark shower signals at LHC detectors are recast from public data to provide simplified limits insensitive to UV physics details. Future limits in the high-luminosity phase and proposed auxiliary detectors are also projected. Additionally, we study the flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) B decays into dark pions, obtaining both current and projected constraints at the LHC and other facilities. These constraints can be combined for specific models, which are illustrated in two EW-portal benchmarks: one with the heavy doublet fermion mediation and another with the Z′ mediator including a mass mixing. The collider reach shows significant potential to probe the parameter space unconstrained by EW precision tests, highlighting the necessity of dedicated LLP search strategies and facilities.

Dark Matter at Colliders↗

DOE OSTI2020

Accelerators for HEP: Challenges and R&D

Particle accelerators are arguably the most effective tools for the particle physics research. The physics needs continuously push us to invent novel ways to increase energy and improve performance of accelerators, reduce their cost and make them more power efficient. Here we briefly overview three main families of modern and future accelerators for HEP – high intensity accelerators for neutrino research, particle factories for the electro-weak physics and Higgs studies, and post-LHC energy frontier colliders – and discuss corresponding ongoing or planned accelerator R&D topics and objectives.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

TMD Handbook

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as transverse momentum distributions (TMDs). TMDs describe the distribution of partons inside the proton and other hadrons with respect to both their longitudinal and transverse momenta. They provide unique insight into the internal momentum and spin structure of hadrons, and are a key ingredient in the description of many collider physics cross sections. Understanding TMDs requires a combination of theoretical techniques from quantum field theory, nonperturbative calculations using lattice QCD, and phenomenological analysis of experimental data. The handbook covers a wide range of topics, from theoretical foundations to experimental analyses, as well as recent developments and future directions. It is intended to provide an essential reference for researchers and graduate students interested in understanding the structure of hadrons and the dynamics of partons in high energy collisions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Probing Naturalness with Searches for Supersymmetric Higgs Partners at the Large Hadron Collider

The discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider completed the standard model of particle physics and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize. While it has been extremely successful in describing a wide variety of phenomena, the standard model cannot be the final theory of nature because it is unable to explain why the Higgs boson mass lies at the electroweak scale rather than 16 orders of magnitude larger at the Planck scale, a theoretical flaw known as the ``hierarchy problem.'' Supersymmetry is a standard model extension that could provide a natural solution to the hierarchy problem by introducing light supersymmetric Higgs partners. This proposal focused on searches that are sensitive to supersymmetric Higgs partners in data collected by the ATLAS experiment, which were carried out by the University of Illinois high-energy physics group led by PI Ben Hooberman as part of his Department of Energy Early Career Research Program award from 2017-2023. The searches were complemented by improvements to particle identification algorithms and the ATLAS trigger system that extend the sensitivity of future supersymmetry searches.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Hadron Polarimetry for the Electron-Ion Collider

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be the first collider to use both polarized electron beams and polarized proton and light ion beams. It will therefore offer unique opportunities to study the structure of nucleons and to answer fundamental questions in QCD. The uncertainties on the polarization measurement translate directly into the uncertainties of final physics observables. Hence, a precise measurement of the hadron beam polarization and a good control of systematic uncertainties are critical for the success of the spin program at the EIC. Contrary to the case of electron beam polarimetry, which uses physical processes derived from first principles that allow a high precision extraction of the electron beam polarization, for hadron beams no such process is available. The currently best used methods rely on the process of elastic scattering in the Coulomb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) region, for which there are only effective models available. The experience from RHIC, the only existing polarized proton collider, will be detailed and the challenges of the measurements at the EIC will be addressed. In particular, measurements of the present RHIC polarimeters and simulations of the future EIC polarimeters will be presented.

Nunes, Ana Sofia↗

DOE OSTI2026

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Particle physicists aim to discover what the universe is made of and how it works. They study the smallest building blocks of matter using some of the largest and most complex machines in the world. Fermilab hosts a range of cutting-edge experiments and develops and builds technologies that support particle physics research at locations around the world, including deep underground laboratories in South Dakota and Canada, the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, and the South Pole Telescope. Together with our international partners, we expand humankind’s understanding of matter, energy, space and time, capturing imaginations and inspiring future generations.

Fermilab, Fermilab↗

DOE OSTI2025

Bridging nuclear physics across energy scales: from neutrinoless double-beta decay to high-energy heavy-ion collisions

This paper exemplifies how connecting methods at disparate energy scales can illuminate fundamental questions. By demonstrating that nuclear wave function properties governing rare decay processes also influence collective behavior at extreme temperatures and densities, the authors have opened a new pathway for constraining physics beyond the Standard Model. With multiple ton-scale 0νββ experiments under construction, any method reducing NME uncertainties will directly impact our ability to interpret discoveries or constrain neutrino properties. The general principle—that collective phenomena in high-energy collisions can illuminate subtle features of many-body correlations in the colliding nuclei—may find applications across nuclear and particle physics. Furthermore, this intersection of nuclear structure theory, heavy-ion physics, and fundamental symmetry tests represents fertile ground for future discoveries in modern physics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Large-momentum effective theory

Since the parton model was introduced by Feynman more than 50 years ago, much has been learned about the partonic structure of the proton through a large body of high-energy experimental data and dedicated global fits. However, limited progress has been made in calculating partonic observables such as the parton distribution function (PDFs) from the fundamental theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Recently some advocated for a formalism, large-momentum effective theory (LaMET), through which one can extract parton physics from the properties of the proton traveling at a moderate boost factor such as γ ~ 2 – 5 . The key observation behind this approach is that Lorentz symmetry allows the standard formalism of partons in terms of light-front operators to be replaced by an equivalent one with large-momentum states and time-independent operators of a universality class. With LaMET, the PDFs, generalized PDFs or generalized parton distributions, transverse-momentum-dependent PDFs, and light-front wave functions can all be extracted in principle from lattice simulations of QCD (or other nonperturbative methods) through standard effective field theory matching and running. Future lattice QCD calculations with exascale computational facilities could help one to understand the experimental data related to the hadronic structure, including those from the upcoming electron-ion colliders dedicated to exploring the partonic landscape of the proton. In this work, the progress made in the past few years in the development of the LaMET formalism and its applications is reviewed, with an emphasis on a demonstration of its effectiveness from initial lattice QCD simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Enabling the Next Generation Of Facilities for Particle Physics

The report of the decadal US Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise known as “Snowmass” was released earlier this year. The Snowmass report serves as input for the second phase of planning, the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5). P5 will develop a strategic plan for U.S. particle physics that will guide the field for the next decade and set R&D priorities beyond that. A broad range of proposals for future facilities were put forward during the Snowmass process, many requiring beyond state-of-the-art superconducting materials and magnets. This talk will give an overview of some of the collider options and outline elements of an R&D plan for the material and magnet development needed to meet the challenging requirements.

Gourlay, Steve↗

DOE OSTI2024

Thermal Analysis and Simulations of the Abort Kicker Magnets Systems for the Electron-Ion Collider

The Abort Kicker Magnets system used in the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to steer the circulating beam into the dump will be subjected to higher heat loads in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). After analyzing the existing abort kicker magnets and running thermal simulations in ANSYS it was concluded that they may not be suitable for use as-is in the future EIC due to heat and impedance concerns in the magnets. Possible solutions include adding a round titanium-coated ceramic beam tube to help solve the heat and impedance concerns, but this will reduce the limiting aperture of the kicker magnet. Another possible solution to meet all the performance requirements for EIC would be to add titanium-coated ceramic plates with water-cooling and tapered transitions that significantly improve the impedance and lower the heat in the magnets with less reduction to the aperture.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Anatomy of the electroweak phase transition for dark sector induced baryogenesis

We investigate the electroweak phase transition patterns for a recently proposed baryogenesis model with CP violation originated in the dark sector. The model includes a complex scalar singlet-Higgs boson portal, a U(1) l gauge lepton symmetry with a Z ' gauge boson portal and a fermionic dark matter particle. We find a novel thermal history of the scalar sector, featuring a Z 2 breaking singlet vacuum in the early Universe driven by a dark Yukawa coupling, that induces a one-step strongly first order electroweak phase transition. We explore the parameter space that generates the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry and dark matter relic abundance, while being consistent with constraints from electric dipole moment, collider searches, and dark matter direct detection bounds. The complex singlet can be produced via the Higgs portal and decays into Standard Model particles after traveling a certain distance. We explore the reach for long-lived singlet scalars at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider with \( \mathcal{L} \) = 139 fb - 1 and show its impact on the parameter space of the model. Setting aside currently unresolved theoretical uncertainties, we estimate the gravitational wave signatures detectable at future observatories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

iDDS: intelligent distributed dispatch and scheduling for workflow orchestration

The intelligent distributed dispatch and scheduling (iDDS) service is a versatile workflow orchestration system designed for large-scale, distributed scientific computing. iDDS extends traditional workload and data management by integrating data-aware execution, conditional logic, and programmable workflows, enabling automation of complex and dynamic processing pipelines. Originally developed for the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider, iDDS has evolved into an experiment-agnostic platform that supports both template-driven workflows and a Function-as-a-Task model for Python-based orchestration. This paper presents the architecture and core components of iDDS, highlighting its scalability, modular message-driven design, and integration with systems such as PanDA and Rucio. We demonstrate its versatility through real-world use cases: fine-grained tape resource optimization for ATLAS, orchestration of large Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) workflows for the Rubin Observatory, distributed hyperparameter optimization for machine learning applications, active learning for physics analyses, and AI-assisted detector design at the electron–ion collider. By unifying workload scheduling, data movement, and adaptive decision-making, iDDS reduces operational overhead and enables reproducible, high-throughput workflows across heterogeneous infrastructures. We conclude with current challenges and future directions, including interactive, cloud-native, and serverless workflow support.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2024

High-intensity polarized electron gun featuring distributed Bragg reflector GaAs photocathode

The polarized electron source is a critical component in accelerator facilities such as the electron–ion collider, which requires a polarized electron gun with higher voltage and higher bunch charge than existing sources. One challenge we faced was the surface charge limit of the distributed Bragg reflector GaAs/GaAsP superlattice (DBR-SL-GaAs) photocathode. We suppressed this effect by optimizing the surface doping and heat cleaning procedures. We achieved up to 11.6 nC bunch charge of polarized electron beam. In this report, we discuss the performance of tests of a DBR-SL-GaAs photocathode in the high voltage direct current gun. Possible reasons for the observed peak quantum efficiency wavelength shift are analyzed, and we addressed it by using a wavelength tunable laser. In addition, the impact of the DBR layer and laser on the lifetime is investigated in this paper. The optimal DBR-SL-GaAs operating zone has been proposed, which gave us a long lifetime and high polarization at 30 μA operation. Finally, the success of this polarized gun will be key to the future of the nuclear sciences.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Beyond 4D tracking: using cluster shapes for track seeding

Tracking is one of the most time consuming aspects of event reconstruction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its high-luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). Innovative detector technologies extend tracking to four-dimensions by including timing in the pattern recognition and parameter estimation. However, present and future hardware already have additional information that is largely unused by existing track seeding algorithms. The shape of pixel-clusters provides an additional dimension for track seeding that can significantly reduce the combinatorial challenge of track finding. We use neural networks to show that cluster shapes can reduce significantly the rate of fake combinatorical backgrounds while preserving a high efficiency. We demonstrate this using the information in cluster singlets, doublets and triplets. Numerical results are presented with simulations from the TrackML challenge.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗