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At least 631 records · Page 35

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NASA NTRS2000

Wind Prediction Accuracy for Air Traffic Management Decision Support Tools

The performance of Air Traffic Management and flight deck decision support tools depends in large part on the accuracy of the supporting 4D trajectory predictions. This is particularly relevant to conflict prediction and active advisories for the resolution of conflicts and the conformance with of traffic-flow management flow-rate constraints (e.g., arrival metering / required time of arrival). Flight test results have indicated that wind prediction errors may represent the largest source of trajectory prediction error. The tests also discovered relatively large errors (e.g., greater than 20 knots), existing in pockets of space and time critical to ATM DST performance (one or more sectors, greater than 20 minutes), are inadequately represented by the classic RMS aggregate prediction-accuracy studies of the past. To facilitate the identification and reduction of DST-critical wind-prediction errors, NASA has lead a collaborative research and development activity with MIT Lincoln Laboratories and the Forecast Systems Lab of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This activity, begun in 1996, has focussed on the development of key metrics for ATM DST performance, assessment of wind-prediction skill for state of the art systems, and development/validation of system enhancements to improve skill. A 13 month study was conducted for the Denver Center airspace in 1997. Two complementary wind-prediction systems were analyzed and compared to the forecast performance of the then standard 60 km Rapid Update Cycle - version 1 (RUC-1). One system, developed by NOAA, was the prototype 40-km RUC-2 that became operational at NCEP in 1999. RUC-2 introduced a faster cycle (1 hr vs. 3 hr) and improved mesoscale physics. The second system, Augmented Winds (AW), is a prototype en route wind application developed by MITLL based on the Integrated Terminal Wind System (ITWS). AW is run at a local facility (Center) level, and updates RUC predictions based on an optimal interpolation of the latest ACARS reports since the RUC run. This paper presents an overview of the study's results including the identification and use of new large mor wind-prediction accuracy metrics that are key to ATM DST performance.

Cole, Rod↗

NASA NTRS2005

High-Efficiency Multi-Junction Space Solar Development Utilizing Lattice Grading

Progress towards achieving a high one-sun air mass 0 (AM0) efficiency in a monolithic dual junction solar cell comprised of a 1.62 eV InGaP top cell and a 1.1 eV InGaAs bottom cell grown on buffered GaAs is reported. The performance of stand-alone 1.62 eV InGaP and 1.1 eV InGaAs cells is compared to that of the dual junction cell. Projected AM0 efficiencies of 15.7% and 16.5% are expected for the 1.62 eV InGaP and 1.1 eV InGaAs cells grown on buffered GaAs. The dual junction cell has a projected one-sun AM0 conversion efficiency of 17%. The projected efficiencies are based upon the application of an optimized anti-reflective coating (ARC) to the as-grown cells. Quantum efficiency (QE) data obtained from the dual junction cell indicate that is is bottom cell current limited with the top cell generating 50% more current than the bottom cell. A comparison of the QE data for the stand-alone 1.1 eV InGaAs cell to that of the 1.1 eV InGaAs bottom cell in the tandem configuration indicates a degradation of the bottom cell conversion efficiency in the tandem configuration. The origin of this performance degradation is at present unknown. If the present limitation can be overcome, then a one-sun AM0 efficiency of 26% is achievable with the 1.62 eV/1.1 eV dual junction cell grown lattice-mismatched to GaAs.

Stan, Mark A.↗

NASA NTRS2006

Orbiter Return-To-Flight Entry Aeroheating

The Columbia accident on February 1, 2003 began an unprecedented level of effort within the hypersonic aerothermodynamic community to support the Space Shuttle Program. During the approximately six month time frame of the primary Columbia Accident Investigation Board activity, many technical disciplines were involved in a concerted effort to reconstruct the last moments of the Columbia and her crew, and understand the critical events that led to that loss. Significant contributions to the CAIB activity were made by the hypersonic aerothermodynamic community(REF CAIB) in understanding the re-entry environments that led to the propagation of an ascent foam induced wing leading edge damage to a subsequent breech of the wing spar of Columbia, and the subsequent breakup of the vehicle. A core of the NASA hypersonic aerothermodynamics team that was involved in the CAIB investigation has been combined with the United Space Alliance and Boeing Orbiter engineering team in order to position the Space Shuttle Program with a process to perform in-flight Thermal Protection System damage assessments. This damage assessment process is now part of the baselined plan for Shuttle support, and is a direct out-growth of the Columbia accident and NASAs response. Multiple re-entry aeroheating tools are involved in this damage assessment process, many of which have been developed during the Return To Flight activity. In addition, because these aeroheating tools are part of an overall damage assessment process that also involves the thermal and stress analyses community, in addition to a much broader mission support team, an integrated process for performing the damage assessment activities has been developed by the Space Shuttle Program and the Orbiter engineering community. Several subsets of activity in the Orbiter aeroheating communities support to the Return To Flight effort have been described in previous publications (CFD?, Cavity Heating? Any BLT? Grid Generation?). This work will provide a description of the integrated process utilized to perform Orbiter tile damage assessment, and in particular will seek to provide a description of the integrated aeroheating tools utilized to perform these assessments. Individual aeroheating tools will be described which provide the nominal re-entry heating environment characterization for the Orbiter, the heating environments for tile damage, heating effects due to exposed Thermal Protection System substrates, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for the description of tile cavity heating, and boundary layer transition prediction. This paper is meant to provide an overall view of the integrated aeroheating assessment process for tile damage assessment as one of a sequence of papers on the development of the boundary layer transition prediction capability in support of Space Shuttle Return To Flight efforts.

Campbell, Charles H.↗

NASA NTRS2006

The Next Generation of High-Speed Dynamic Stability Wind Tunnel Testing (Invited)

Throughout industry, accurate measurement and modeling of dynamic derivative data at high-speed conditions has been an ongoing challenge. The expansion of flight envelopes and non-conventional vehicle design has greatly increased the demand for accurate prediction and modeling of vehicle dynamic behavior. With these issues in mind, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) embarked on the development and shakedown of a high-speed dynamic stability test technique that addresses the longstanding problem of accurately measuring dynamic derivatives outside the low-speed regime. The new test technique was built upon legacy technology, replacing an antiquated forced oscillation system, and greatly expanding the capabilities beyond classic forced oscillation testing at both low and high speeds. The modern system is capable of providing a snapshot of dynamic behavior over a periodic cycle for varying frequencies, not just a damping derivative term at a single frequency.

Tomek, Deborah M.↗

NASA NTRS2006

Prompt and Afterglow Emission Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Spectroscopically Identified Supernovae

We present a detailed spectral analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission of four nearby GRBs (GRBs 980425, 030329, 031203, and 060218) that were spectroscopically found to be associated with type Ib/c supernovae. For each event, we investigated its spectral and luminosity evolution and estimated the total energy budget based on the broadband observations. We discuss the properties of the four events in comparison to general burst population, and infer the physical parameters involved in creation of these nearby GRB-SN events

Kaneko, Yuki↗

NASA NTRS1995