Results for “Particle physics experiment” — Page 35

DOE OSTI2024

Two-loop contributions of axion-like particles to electromagnetic and chromomagnetic form factors

Abstract Axions and axion-like particles emerge in many models for physics beyond the Standard Model. Thus, they have gained increasing research interest in both experimental and theoretical physics apart from their original proposition as a solution to the strong CP -problem. Among other aspects it has recently been shown that ALPs can potentially provide a solution to the long-lasting discrepancy between theory and experiment of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Provided that the ALP has flavor-violating couplings to leptons, they can also mediate flavor-violating decays like $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$ μ → e γ . Both processes are mediated through related form factors that we compute to two-loop order. We further show numerical implications of our calculations and how they might affect constraints on ALP couplings derived from experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS2003

Particle Engulfment and Pushing By Solidifying Interfaces

The study of particle behavior at solid/liquid interfaces (SLI s) is at the center of the Particle Engulfment and Pushing (PEP) research program. Interactions of particles with SLI s have been of interest since the 1960 s, starting with geological observations, i.e., frost heaving. Ever since, this field of research has become significant to such diverse areas as metal matrix composite materials, fabrication of superconductors, and inclusion control in steels. The PEP research effort is geared towards understanding the fundamental physics of the interaction between particles and a planar SLI. Experimental work including 1-g and mu-g experiments accompany the development of analytical and numerical models. The experimental work comprised of substantial groundwork with aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) matrices containing spherical zirconia particles, mu-g experiments with metallic Al matrices and the use of transparent organic metal-analogue materials. The modeling efforts have grown from the initial steady-state analytical model to dynamic models, accounting for the initial acceleration of a particle at rest by an advancing SLI. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, numerical models were developed to account for the influence of the thermal and solutal field. Current efforts are geared towards coupling the diffusive 2-D front tracking model with a fluid flow model to account for differences in the physics of interaction between 1-g and -g environments. A significant amount of this theoretical investigation has been and is being performed by co-investigators at NASA MSFC.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2021

From Gargamelle to MINERvA: exploring the structure of the nucleon with neutrinos

Neutrino scattering experiments have been exploring the structure of the nucleon with Deep-Inelastic Scattering for over 50 years. Although hints of nucleon structure were available using CERN’s first neutrino beam in the 1960s, the study actually started quantitatively in the early 1970s with the Gargamelle heavy liquid bubble chamber that produced first neutrino confirmation of scaling. This study of nucleon structure continued with both bubble chambers and more massive electronic detectors that, with higher energy neutrino beams and $Q^2$ reach, examined the breaking of this scaling while testing Quantum Chromodynamics. Here, a significant factor when including neutrino explorations of nucleon structure in the overall picture is that to gather significant statistics, neutrino experiments have had to use heavier nuclear targets. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the structure of the nucleon in the nuclear environment is indeed different than the free nucleon structure. Understanding this modified structure has played an important part in the experimental and theoretical exploration of nucleon structure by neutrinos and is one of the important goals of the on-going MINERvA experiment at Fermilab.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2021

A decade of discoveries by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

With the end of Daya Bay experimental operations in December 2020, I review the history, discoveries, measurements and impact of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment in China.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab

The Muon-to-Electron-Conversion (Mu2e) Experiment is a high-precision, intensity-frontier experiment being developed at Fermilab that will search for coherent, neutrino-less muon to electron conversion in the presence of an atomic nucleus. Such a process would exhibit charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV), which has not yet been observed. Continuing the search for CLFV, Mu2e will improve the sensitivity by four orders of magnitude over the present limits. In the search for beyond the standard model (BSM) physics, Mu2e is uniquely sensitive to a wide range of models by indirectly probing mass scales up to the energy scale of 10^4 TeV. While muon-to-electron-conversion is permissible in an extension of the standard model through neutrino oscillations, the rate is extremely low at about one event in 10^52. By design, the background for the experiment will be well-understood and kept at a sub-event level, which will mean the observation of muon-to-electron conversion is a dire ct confirmation of BSM physics. The physics motivation, the design, and the current status of the experiment will be presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Uncertainties in ICARUS

This paper explores the challenges in neutrino detection and emphasizes the importance of understanding the ICARUS neutrino detector. It delves into the use of cosmic rays to bridge the gap between experimental and theoretical data, offering insights into the behavior of different components of neutrino detectors. This procedure sheds light on the intricate aspects of cosmic ray detection in ICARUS, contributing to an increased understanding of how this detector's uncertainties operate. More can be learned about neutrino physics in future experiments through this understanding.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

The IOTA/FAST Facility: Status, Performance, Upgrades

The slides summarize current status of the IOTA/FAST facility. That includes ranges for beam parameters at FAST superconducting linac and in the IOTA ring. A brief status of the IOTA proton injector is presented and a list of coming upgrades and experiments at the facility.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

First Measurements of Differential Cross Sections In Kinematic Imbalance Variables With The MicroBooNE Detector

Making high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters requires an unprecedented understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering. In this presentation, we present the first muon neutrino charged current double-differential cross sections in kinematic imbalance variables. These variables characterize the imbalance in the plane transverse to an incoming neutrino. We use events with a single muon above 100 MeV/c, a single final state proton above 300 MeV/c, and no recorded final state pions. Thus, these variables act as a direct probe of nuclear effects such as final state interactions, Fermi motion, and multi-nucleon processes. We also present a complementary ongoing analysis using electron neutrinos. This channel is of the utmost importance for the extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters by making high-precision measurements. Our measurements allow us to constrain systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino oscillation results performed by near-future experiments of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, as well as by future large-scale experiments like DUNE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Achievement in Beam Power Records for the NOvA Target System

We began upgrading the NOvA target system for 1-Mega Watt (1-MW) beam operation in 2017. Major challenges included maintaining the quality of neutrino beams with reliable instrumentation, reducing instantaneous beam heating on the target, increasing cooling power to handle the high-power beam, and controlling tritium water production rate. We finally achieved a one-hour beam power record of 1.018 MW in Summer 2024. This milestone demonstrates our capability to operate at 2+ MW beam power for the future Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Track Reconstruction using Graph Neural Networks in the EMPHATIC Experiment

Track reconstruction is essential for extracting physics observables from detector data in high-energy and nuclear physics experiments. In this work, we investigate the use of graph neural networks (GNNs) to reconstruct particle momentum in the EMPHATIC experiment using simulated data. The model takes raw hit information from the silicon strip detectors (SSDs) as input and is trained to predict momentum components and the scattering angle of the particle. We describe the GNN architecture, training procedure, and performance metrics, and present results showing improved resolution in momentum reconstruction. These results demonstrate the potential of GNN-based approaches in track reconstruction tasks within complex detector environments like EMPHATIC.

Bhattarai, Aayush [Notre Dame U.]↗

NASA NTRS2023

Hydrodynamics of bubble flow through a porous medium with applications to packed bed reactors

Gas-liquid flows through packed bed reactors (PBRs) are challenging to predict due to the tortuous flow paths that fluid interfaces must traverse. Experiments at the International Space Station showed that bubble and pulse flows are predominately observed under microgravity conditions, while the trickle and spray flows observed under terrestrial conditions are not present in microgravity. To understand the physics behind the former experiments, we simulate bubble flow through a PBR for different packing-particle-diameter-based Weber numbers and under different gravity conditions. We demonstrate different pore-scale mechanisms, such as capillary entrapment, buoyancy entrapment, and inertia-induced bubble displacement. Then, we perform a quantitative analysis by introducing new dynamic scales, dependent upon the evolving gas-liquid interfacial area, to understand the dynamic trade-offs between the inertia, capillary, and buoyancy forces on a bubble passing through a PBR. This analysis leads us to define new dimensionless Weber-like numbers that delineate bubble entrapment from bubble displacement.

Pranay P Nagrani↗

DOE OSTI2022

Apparatus, system, and method for radiation hardened plastic and flexible elastomer scintillator

A scintillating material that is a radiation hardened plastic and flexible elastomer is disclosed. The material is useful in a wide range of high energy particle environments and can be used to create detectors. Such detectors can be used in physics experiments or in medical treatment or imaging. The scintillator can be radiation hardened so as to allow for an extended lifetime over other materials.

Akgun, Ugur↗

DOE OSTI2024

Detector Related Uncertainties in ICARUS Continued

This paper explores the challenges in neutrino detection and emphasizes the importance of understanding the ICARUS neutrino detector. It delves into the use of cosmic rays to bridge the gap between experimental and theoretical data, offering insights into the behavior of different components of neutrino detectors. This procedure sheds light on the intricate aspects of cosmic ray detection in ICARUS, contributing to an increased understanding of how this detector's uncertainties operate. More can be learned about neutrino physics in future experiments through this understanding.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

First Measurements of Differential Cross Sections In Kinematic Imbalance Variables With The MicroBooNE Detector

Making high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters requires an unprecedented understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering. In this presentation, we present the first muon neutrino charged current double-differential cross sections in kinematic imbalance variables. These variables characterize the imbalance in the plane transverse to an incoming neutrino. We use events with a single muon above 100 MeV/c, a single final state proton above 300 MeV/c, and no recorded final state pions. Thus, these variables act as a direct probe of nuclear effects such as final state interactions, Fermi motion, and multi-nucleon processes. We also present a complementary ongoing analysis using electron neutrinos. This channel is of the utmost importance for the extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters by making high-precision measurements. Our measurements allow us to constrain systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino oscillation results performed by near-future experiments of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, as well as by future large-scale experiments like DUNE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Detector Related Uncertainties in ICARUS Continued

This paper explores the challenges in neutrino detection and emphasizes the importance of understanding the ICARUS neutrino detector. It delves into the use of cosmic rays to bridge the gap between experimental and theoretical data, offering insights into the behavior of different components of neutrino detectors. This procedure sheds light on the intricate aspects of cosmic ray detection in ICARUS, contributing to an increased understanding of how this detector's uncertainties operate. More can be learned about neutrino physics in future experiments through this understanding.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

First Measurements of Differential Cross Sections In Kinematic Imbalance Variables With The MicroBooNE Detector

Making high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters requires an unprecedented understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering. In this presentation, we present the first muon neutrino charged current double-differential cross sections in kinematic imbalance variables. These variables characterize the imbalance in the plane transverse to an incoming neutrino. We use events with a single muon above 100 MeV/c, a single final state proton above 300 MeV/c, and no recorded final state pions. Thus, these variables act as a direct probe of nuclear effects such as final state interactions, Fermi motion, and multi-nucleon processes. We also present a complementary ongoing analysis using electron neutrinos. This channel is of the utmost importance for the extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters by making high-precision measurements. Our measurements allow us to constrain systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino oscillation results performed by near-future experiments of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, as well as by future large-scale experiments like DUNE.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

NASA NTRS1999

Heterogeneous Combustion of Porous Graphite Particles in Normal and Microgravity

Combustion of solid fuel particles has many important applications, including power generation and space propulsion systems. The current models available for describing the combustion process of these particles, especially porous solid particles, include various simplifying approximations. One of the most limiting approximations is the lumping of the physical properties of the porous fuel with the heterogeneous chemical reaction rate constants. The primary objective of the present work is to develop a rigorous model that could decouple such physical and chemical effects from the global heterogeneous reaction rates. For the purpose of validating this model, experiments with porous graphite particles of varying sizes and porosity are being performed at NASA Lewis Research Center. The details of the experimental and theoretical model development effort are described.

Chelliah, Harsha↗

NASA NTRS2001

Heterogenous Combustion of Porous Graphite Particles in Normal and Microgravity

Combustion of solid fuel particles has many important applications, including power generation and space propulsion systems. The current models available for describing the combustion process of these particles, especially porous solid particles, include various simplifying approximations. One of the most limiting approximations is the lumping of the physical properties of the porous fuel with the heterogeneous chemical reaction rate constants. The primary objective of the present work is to develop a rigorous model that could decouple such physical and chemical effects from the global heterogeneous reaction rates. For the purpose of validating this model, experiments with porous graphite particles of varying sizes and porosity are being performed. The details of this experimental and theoretical model development effort are described.

Chelliah, Harsha K.↗