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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Direct monolithic integration of vertical single crystalline octahedral molecular sieve nanowires on silicon

We developed an original strategy to produce vertical epitaxial single crystalline manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS) nanowires with tunable pore sizes and compositions on silicon substrates by using a chemical solution deposition approach. The nanowire growth mechanism involves the use of track-etched nanoporous polymer templates combined with the controlled growth of quartz thin films at the silicon surface, which allowed OMS nanowires to stabilize and crystallize. α-quartz thin films were obtained after thermal activated crystallization of the native amorphous silica surface layer assisted by Sr 2+ - or Ba 2+ -mediated heterogeneous catalysis in the air at 800 °C. These α-quartz thin films work as a selective template for the epitaxial growth of randomly oriented vertical OMS nanowires. Furthermore, the combination of soft chemistry and epitaxial growth opens new opportunities for the effective integration of novel technological functional tunneled complex oxides nanomaterials on Si substrates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantitative Phase Composition of TiO 2 -Coated Nanoporous-Au Monoliths by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Correlations to Catalytic

Porous titania/metal composite materials have many potential applications in the fields of green catalysis, energy harvesting, and storage in which both the overall morphology of the nanoporous host material and the crystallographic phase of the titania (TiO 2 ) guest determine the material’s performance. New insights into the structure–function relationships of these materials were obtained by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy that, for example, provides quantitative crystallographic phase composition from ultrathin, nanostructured titania films, including sensitivity to amorphous components. We demonstrate that crystallographic phase, morphology, and catalytic activity of TiO 2 -functionalized nanoporous gold (np-Au) can be controlled by a simple annealing procedure (T < 1300 K). The material was prepared by atomic layer deposition of ~2 nm thick TiO 2 on millimeter-sized samples of np-Au (40–50 nm mean ligament size) and catalytically investigated with respect to aerobic CO oxidation. Moreover, the annealing-induced changes in catalytic activity are correlated with concurrent morphology and phase changes as provided by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Photophysics of O-band and transition metal color centers in monolithic silicon for quantum communications

Color centers in the O-band (1260–1360 nm) are crucial for realizing long-coherence quantum network nodes in memory-assisted quantum communications. However, only a limited number of O-band color centers have been thoroughly explored in silicon hosts as spin-photon interfaces. This study explores and compares two promising O-band color centers in silicon for high-fidelity spin-photon interfaces: T and *Cu (transition metal) centers. During T center generation process, we observed the formation and dissolution of other color centers, including the copper-silver related centers with a doublet line around 1312 nm (*Cu$^0_n$), near the optical fiber zero dispersion wavelength (around 1310 nm). We then investigated the photophysics of both T and *Cu centers, focusing on their emission spectra and spin properties. The *Cu$^0_0$ line under a 0.5 T magnetic field demonstrated a 25% broadening, potentially due to spin degeneracy, suggesting that this center can be a promising alternative to T centers.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Synergistic promotion of transition metal ion-exchange in TiO 2 nanoarray-based monolithic catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3

TiO 2 supported catalysts have been widely studied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x ; however, comprehensive understanding of synergistic interactions in multi-component SCR catalysts is still lacking. For this work, transition metal elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, La, and Ce) were loaded onto TiO 2 nanoarrays via ion-exchange using protonated titanate precursors. Amongst these catalysts, Mn-doped catalysts outperform the others with satisfactory NO conversion and N 2 selectivity. Cu co-doping into the Mn-based catalysts promotes their low-temperature activity by improving reducibility, enhancing surface Mn 4+ species and chemisorbed labile oxygen, and elevating the adsorption capacity of NH 3 and NO x species. While Ce co-doping with Mn prohibits the surface adsorption and formation of NH 3 and NO x derived species, it boosts the N 2 selectivity at high temperatures. By combining Cu and Ce as doping elements in the Mn-based catalysts, both the low-temperature activity and the high-temperature N 2 selectivity are enhanced, and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction mechanism was proved to dominate in the trimetallic Cu–Ce–5Mn/TiO 2 catalysts due to the low energy barrier.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Interplay of intercalation dynamics and lithium plating in monolithic and architectured graphite anodes during fast charging

Fast charging of high-capacity anodes is challenging due to lithium plating reactions, which lead to poor cycling performance and safety concerns. Thus, accurate predictions of plating onset and an understanding of this electrochemical process are crucial for robust battery design. However, the most commonly used models, based on porous electrode theory (e.g., the pseudo-2D model), are notoriously difficult to calibrate due to their complexity, limiting their predictive power. This work studies the process of lithium plating during fast charging of (small-particle) graphite half-cells by measuring local reaction progression and plating behavior using optical operando techniques. These experiments employ a realistic 1D graphite electrode geometry with commercially-relevant mass loading charged at fast charge rates. It is demonstrated that the local reaction progression and plating onset can not only be predicted accurately with a p2D numerical model, but that these processes follow a simple scaling law. Remarkably, the entire reaction histories of different electrodes charged at different rates (e.g., 160 μm thickness at 0.5C, 111 μm at 1C or 66 μm at 4C) were observed to have self-similar intercalation profiles. It is demonstrated that plating onset is in turn governed by the reaction profile which explains why both processes exhibit the same scaling behavior. Finally, operando measurements of local reaction dynamics are conducted for the first time in electrodes with channeled architectures, quantitatively determining how channels affect reaction uniformity and plating onset. Together, these results reveal underlying simplicity in the complex electrochemical environment of fast charging and lithium plating, improving understanding of this process. These fundamental insights are broadly applicable for design processes, modeling and experimental evaluation of lithium ion batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toluene adsorption and capacity regeneration using zeolite-based monolith and activated carbon fiber felt

Common adsorbents studied to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air can release previously adsorbed VOCs back into the indoor space when the adsorbent is saturated or if the VOC concentration fluctuates. A durable adsorbent with a continuous regeneration strategy could prevent this recontamination of the indoor air and reduce adsorbent disposal waste. A deeper understanding of the adsorption and desorption behavior of VOC adsorbents is needed to create an efficient regeneration strategy. This study investigated the adsorption and thermal desorption behavior of toluene on two different adsorbents, (1) a zeolite-based adsorbent and (2) an activated carbon fiber (ACF) felt. Consistent adsorption behavior across a series of toluene concentrations was used to experimentally determine effective adsorption capacity. When the cumulative adsorption between thermal regeneration steps was maintained below the maximum effective capacity with 0% breakthrough, the zeolite-based adsorbent was found to effectively minimize passive desorption. The impact of regeneration feed conditions, such as inert, oxidizing, humidified air, on thermal desorption was examined. These conditions influenced desorption of the zeolite-based adsorbent but had minimal impact on the ACF felt adsorbent, which would lead to different regeneration schedules and methods for applications in buildings' heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

Moses-DeBusk, Melanie [Oak Ridge National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2013

Monolithic integration of optical grade GaAs on Si (001) substrates deeply patterned at a micron scale

Dense arrays of micrometric crystals, with areal filling up to 93%, are obtained by depositing GaAs in a mask-less molecular beam epitaxy process onto Si substrates. The substrates are patterned into tall, micron sized pillars. Faceted high aspect ratio GaAs crystals are achieved by tuning the Ga adatom for short surface diffusion lengths. The crystals exhibit bulk-like optical quality due to defect termination at the sidewalls. Simultaneously, the thermal strain induced by different thermal expansion parameters of GaAs and Si is fully relieved. This opens the route to thick film applications without crack formation and wafer bowing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

High quality SiC microdisk resonators fabricated from monolithic epilayer wafers

The exquisite mechanical properties of SiC have made it an important industrial material with applications in microelectromechanical devices and high power electronics. Recently, the optical properties of SiC have garnered attention for applications in photonics, quantum information, and spintronics. This work demonstrates the fabrication of microdisks formed from a p-N SiC epilayer material. The microdisk cavities fabricated from the SiC epilayer material exhibit quality factors of as high as 9200 and the approach is easily adaptable to the fabrication of SiC-based photonic crystals and other photonic and optomechanical devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nanoporous separators for supercapacitor using activated carbon monolith electrode from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Activated porous carbon electrode prepared from fibres of oil palm empty fruit bunches was used for preparing the carbon based supercapacitor cells. The symmetrical supercapacitor cells were fabricated using carbon electrodes, stainless steel current collector, H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte, and three types of nanoporous separators. Cells A, B and C were fabricated using polypropylene, eggshell membrane, and filter paper, respectively. Electrochemical characterizations data from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Galvanic Charge Discharge techniques showed that specific capacitance, specific power and specific energy for cell A were 122 F g{sup −1}, 177 W kg{sup −1}, 3.42 Wh kg{sup −1}, cell B; 125 F g{sup −1}, 179 W kg{sup −1}, and 3.64 Wh kg{sup −1}, and cell C; 180 F g{sup −1}, 178 W kg{sup −1}, 4.27 Wh kg{sup −1}. All the micrographs from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope showed that the different in nanoporous structure of the separators lead to a significant different in influencing the values of specific capacitance, power and energy of supercapacitors, which is associated with the mobility of ion into the pore network. These results indicated that the filter paper was superior than the eggshell membrane and polypropylene nanoporous separators. However, we found that in terms of acidic resistance, polypropylene was the best nanoporous separator for acidic medium.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗