Ionospheric diagnostics using resonances of an electric dipole impedance.
Driving point impedance of electric dipole antenna in ionosphere used to diagnose ionospheric plasma, specifically analyzing resonances location
Blair, W. E.↗
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Investigation of the relationship between the upper ionosphere drifts and the currents systems of the dynamo-region at middle and high latitudes
Correlation between ionospheric F 2 region drift and dynamic geomagnetic currents in lower ionosphere
Kashin, A. A.↗
The problem of using Mariner IV ionospheric densities to deduce a model of the Martian atmospheric structure.
Mariner 4 ionospheric densities to deduce Martian atmospheric modes, discussing validity of using ionospheric properties to discriminate between models
Donahue, T. M.↗
A regular disturbance in the topside ionosphere.
Regular disturbance in topside ionosphere on summer nights from continuous records of ionospheric electron content, discussing magnetic activity and sunspot number effects
Titheridge, J. E.↗
Irregular regions in the antarctic ionosphere.
Irregular regions in Antarctic ionosphere from Polar Ionosphere Beacon Satellite S-66 recordings, obtaining irregularities density from nulls clarity
Stuart, G. F.↗
Horizontal gradients in the polar ionosphere.
Polar Ionosphere Beacon Satellite S-66 signals measured for large scale horizontal gradients in total electron content of Antarctic ionosphere at sunspot minimum and maximum
Titheridge, J. E.↗
On the field alignment of small ionospheric irregularities
Ionosphere beacon satellites BeB and BeC transits for field alignment of small ionospheric irregularities
Titheridge, J. E.↗
Introduction to Ionospheric Physics
Book on ionospheric physics covering neutral atmosphere, ionospheric measurements, photochemical processes, morphology, phenomena, geomagnetism, storms, etc
Garriott, O. K.↗
The ionosphere and its interaction with satellites
Monograph on ionosphere-satellite interactions, discussing ionosphere layers, plasma sheaths and wakes, electromagnetic wave propagation, spacecraft antennas, etc
Kasha, M. A.↗
The P'/f/ to N/h/ inversion problem in ionospheric soundings
Deriving ionospheric electron density as function of altitude from group path versus frequency measurements by vertical ionospheric sounders
Jackson, J. E.↗
Plasma transport in the topside polar ionosphere
Polar ionospheric plasma transport, predicting ion density profiles from ionospheric processes models consistent with polar wind theory
Banks, P. M.↗
Interaction of the solar wind with a planetary ionosphere
An electrodynamic model for an ionosphere-solar wind interaction is developed based on the existence of a low beta plasma below the anemopause. The currents for the interaction are driven by the solar wind motional electric field and induce a stagnation magnetic field at the anemopause. For Venus and Mars the lower region of the ionosphere near the electron density peak has the highest conductivity, and therefore the tangential component of the induction current flows substantially in this region. The current paths close in the anemopause, which is a solar wind current sheath analogous to the magnetopause. Both the fraction of the undisturbed solar wind motional electric field, which drives the induction current, and the required fraction of incident solar wind particles, crossing the anemopause to produce this current, are shown to be small.
Blank, J. L.↗
GEOS satellite tracking corrections for refraction in the ionosphere
The analytic formulations at different elevation angles and at a frequency of 2-GHz for the ionospheric refraction corrections used on the GEOS satellite tracking data are compared. The formulas and ray trace results for elevations greater than 10 deg, where most satellite tracking is done, differ in elevation, range, and range rate by less than 0.4 millidegrees (1.4 arc-seconds), 12 meters, and 12 cm/sec, respectively. In comparison to most operational requirements, this is insignificant. However, for the GEOS Observation Systems Intercomparison Investigation, these differences are equivalent in size to observed differences in system biases for some of the best electronic geodetic tracking systems and are probably contributing to the observed biases. The ray trace results and most of the more detailed analytic correction formulas show that the ionospheric refraction correction for range rate on an overhead pass is a maximum for elevation angles between 15 deg and 30 deg and falls off rapidly for both higher and lower elevation angles, contrary to the effect of the troposphere and to some reports in the literature.
Berbert, J. H.↗
The state of the ionosphere above Alma Ata
The basic patterns are described in the behavior of critical frequencies and minimum effective heights of the ionosphere's reflecting E, F1, and F2 layers, according to ionospheric recorder measurements from 1943 to 1967. The variations of critical frequencies and virtual heights are compared with the relative sunspot numbers and the flux of the sun's radio emission at 10.7 cm.
Rudina, M. P.↗
On the selection of a vertical base in the ionosphere
The problem of selecting a vertical base in the ionosphere that permits registration of vertical motions of small-scale ionization inhomogeneities of the ionosphere's F-region is discussed. The accuracy of calculation of the vertical drift-velocity component is estimated.
Drobzhev, V. I.↗
Ionospheric magnetic phenomena associated with proton flares
The state of the ionosphere above stations in Kazakhstan is examined in connection with the proton flares of 7 July, 28 August, and 2 September 1966. Universal time is used. It is established that a proton flare causes increased radio absorption (the ionization of the D-region is enhanced, and the minimum reflected frequencies decrease). Magnetic storms and ionospheric disturbances are observed on the earth one-and-a-half to two days after some proton flares.
Rudina, M. P.↗
A very high frequency radio interferometer for investigating ionospheric disturbances using geostationary satellites. Determination of changes in exospheric electron content by a comparison of group delay and Faraday rotation
The theory and development of a VHF correlation radio interferometer for investigating ionospheric disturbances are discussed. The system was developed to receive signals from the geostationary Applications Technology Satellites. Amplitude and phase variations of the signal passing through the ionosphere can be detected by this instrument. The system consists of two superheterodyne receivers separated by a distance known as the baseline of the system. Since the system is a phase sensitive instrument, the local oscillators of the two receivers must be phase coherent. This is accomplished by using phase-locked loops for generating the local oscillators. The two signals from the separate receivers are cross-correlated by multiplying the two signals together and then time averaging the result. The sensitivity of the instrument is increased by off-setting one of the local oscillators by a small amount.
Terry, R.↗
Remote double resonance coupling of radar energy to ionospheric irregularities
Experimental results indicate that low frequency modulation of a high power radar beam, tuned to one of the critical frequencies of the ionosphere, may produce field-aligned density irregularities when the modulation frequency matches an ionospheric eigenfrequency. By choosing the radar carrier frequency and polarization, a number of interaction layers were selected. The variety of possible excitations shows that the double resonance technique may be adaptable to a number of different objectives.
Kennel, C. F.↗