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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Assessing the Reliability and Quality of Online Uterine Fibroid Embolization Resources

This study was designed to examine the best internet resources about uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) pertinent to medical trainees, radiologists, gynecologists, family physicians, and patients. The terms 'uterine fibroid embolization,' 'uterine fibroid embolization,' and 'uterine artery embolization' were entered into Google, Yahoo, and Bing search engines; the top 20 hits were assessed. The hits were categorized as organizational or nonorganizational. Additionally, 23 radiological and obstetrical organizations were assessed. The DISCERN instrument and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks (authorship, attribution, currency, disclosure) were used to assess the information critically. The scope, strength, weaknesses, and unique features were highlighted for the top five organizational and nonorganizational websites. A total of 203 websites were reviewed; 23 were removed in accordance with the exclusion criteria and 146 were duplicate websites, for a total of 34 unique sites. It was found that 35 % (12/34 websites) were organizational (family medicine, radiology, obstetrics/gynecology) and 65 % (22/34 websites) were nonorganizational (teaching or patient resources). The overall mean DISCERN score was 49.6 (10.7). Two-tailed, unpaired t test demonstrated no statistically significant difference between organizational and nonorganizational websites (p = 0.101). JAMA benchmarks revealed 44 % (15/34 websites) with authorship, 71 % (24/34 websites) with attribution, 68 % (23/34 websites) with disclosure, and 47 % (16/34 websites) with currency. The overall quality of websites for UFE is moderate, with important but not serious shortcomings. The best websites provided relevant information about the procedure, benefits/risks, and were interactive. DISCERN scores were compromised by sites failing to provide resources for shared decision-making, additional support, and discussing consequence of no treatment. JAMA benchmarks revealed lack of authorship and currency.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Patient-Centered Radiology with FHIR: an Introduction to the Use of FHIR to Offer Radiology a Clinically Integrated Platform

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is an open interoperability standard that allows external software to quickly search for and access clinical information from the electronic medical record (EMR) in a method that is developer-friendly, using current internet technology standards. In this article, we highlight the new FHIR standard and illustrate how FHIR can be used to offer the field of radiology a more clinically integrated and patient-centered system, opening the EMR to external radiology software in ways unfeasible with traditional standards. We explain how to construct FHIR queries relevant to medical imaging using the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) Hackathon application programming interface (API), provide sample queries for use, and suggest solutions to offer a patient-centered, rather than an image-centered, workflow that remains clinically relevant.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Netostat: analyzing dynamic flow patterns in high-speed networks

Understanding flow traffic patterns in networks, such as the Internet or service provider networks, is crucial to improving their design and building them robustly. However, as networks grow and become more complex, it is increasingly cumbersome and challenging to study how the many flow patterns, sizes and the continually changing source-destination pairs in the network evolve with time. Here, we present Netostat, a visualization-based network analysis tool that uses visual representation and a mathematics framework to study and capture flow patterns, using graph theoretical methods such as clustering, similarity and difference measures. Netostat generates an interactive graph of all traffic patterns in the network, to isolate key elements that can provide insights for traffic engineering. We present results for U.S. and European research networks, ESnet and GEANT, demonstrating network state changes, to identify major flow trends, potential points of failure, and bottlenecks.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

A Network Management System for Handling Scientific Data Flows

Large scientific data transfers often occur at high rates causing increased burstiness in Internet traffic. To limit the adverse effects of these high-rate large-sized flows, which are referred to as $\alpha $ flows, on delay-sensitive audio/video flows, a network management system called Alpha Flow Traffic Engineering System (AFTES) is proposed for intra-domain traffic engineering. An offline approach is used in which AFTES analyzes NetFlow records collected by routers, extracts source–destination address prefixes of $\alpha $ flows, and uses these prefixes to configure firewall filters at ingress routers of a provider’s network to redirect future $\alpha $ flows to traffic-engineered paths and isolated queues. The effectiveness of this scheme was evaluated through an analysis of 7 months of NetFlow data obtained from an ESnet router. For this data set, 91 % of bytes generated by $\alpha $ flows during high-rate intervals would have been directed had AFTES been deployed. The negative aspect of using address prefixes in firewall filters, i.e., the redirection of $\beta $ flows to $\alpha $-flow paths/queues, was also quantified.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Estimating Traveler Populations at Airport and Cruise Terminals for Population Distribution and Dynamics

In recent years, uses of high-resolution population distribution databases are increasing steadily for environmental, socioeconomic, public health, and disaster-related research and operations. With the development of daytime population distribution, temporal resolution of such databases has been improved. However, the lack of incorporation of transitional population, namely business and leisure travelers, leaves a significant population unaccounted for within the critical infrastructure networks, such as at transportation hubs. This paper presents two general methodologies for estimating passenger populations in airport and cruise port terminals at a high temporal resolution which can be incorporated into existing population distribution models. The methodologies are geographically scalable and are based on, and demonstrate how, two different transportation hubs with disparate temporal population dynamics can be modeled utilizing publicly available databases including novel data sources of flight activity from the Internet which are updated in near-real time. The airport population estimation model shows great potential for rapid implementation for a large collection of airports on a national scale, and the results suggest reasonable accuracy in the estimated passenger traffic. By incorporating population dynamics at high temporal resolutions into population distribution models, we hope to improve the estimates of populations exposed to or at risk to disasters, thereby improving emergency planning and response, and leading to more informed policy decisions.

airport↗
DOE OSTI2025

Leveraging artificial intelligence and advanced food processing techniques for enhanced food safety, quality, and security: a comprehensive review

Artificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative force in addressing the multifaceted challenges of food safety, food quality, and food security. This review synthesizes advancements in AI-driven technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, and their applications across the food supply chain, based on a comprehensive analysis of literature published from 1990 to 2024. AI enhances food safety through real-time contamination detection, predictive risk modeling, and compliance monitoring, reducing public health risks. It improves food quality by automating defect detection, optimizing shelf-life predictions, and ensuring consistency in taste, texture, and appearance. Furthermore, AI addresses food security by enabling resource-efficient agriculture, yield forecasting, and supply chain optimization to ensure the availability and accessibility of nutritious food resources. This review also highlights the integration of AI with advanced food processing techniques such as high-pressure processing, ultraviolet treatment, pulsed electric fields, cold plasma, and irradiation, which ensure microbial safety, extend shelf life, and enhance product quality. Additionally, the integration of AI with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, and AI-powered sensors enables proactive risk management, predictive analytics, and automated quality control. By examining these innovations' potential to enhance transparency, efficiency, and decision-making within food systems, this review identifies current research gaps and proposes strategies to address barriers such as data limitations, model generalizability, and ethical concerns. These insights underscore the critical role of AI in advancing safer, higher-quality, and more secure food systems, guiding future research and fostering sustainable food systems that benefit public health and consumer trust.

AI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Chapter Ten - Power, Buildings, and Other Critical Networks: Integrated Multisystem Operation

The electrifying transportation sector, the increasing grid interactivity of the built environment, the rapidly expanding number of devices within the Internet-of-Things, and the overall trend toward highly connected systems and interdependent networks is revolutionizing the operation of the electric power grid. While these changes are presenting grid operators with new challenges to ensure an efficient, reliable, and sustainable operation of the grid, they also enable a new suite of resources that can be utilized for assisting the grid in times of need. In this chapter, we explore how these recent changes and trends are affecting modern power systems and discuss the benefits and challenges of an increasingly electrified and interconnected world. We will observe how various critical infrastructure, that is, buildings, water and gas, transportation, and telecommunication networks are highly dependent on power network operations but, with improved coordination and control, can also provide valuable assets to the grid in times of need.

electricity markets↗
DOE OSTI2018

Clinicians’ and Pharmacists’ Reported Implementation of Vaccination Practices for Adults

Introduction: Despite the proven effectiveness of immunization in preventing morbidity and mortality, adult vaccines remain underutilized. The objective of this study was to describe clinicians’ and pharmacists’ self-reported implementation of the Standards for Adult Immunization Practice (“the Standards”; i.e., routine assessment, recommendation, and administration/referral for needed vaccines, and documentation of administered vaccines, including in immunization information systems). Methods: Two Internet panel surveys (one among clinicians and one among pharmacists) were conducted during February–March 2017 and asked respondents about their practice’s implementation of the Standards. T-tests assessed associations between clinician medical specialty, vaccine type, and each component of the Standards (March–August 2017). Results: Implementation of the Standards varied substantially by vaccine and provider type. For example, >80.0% of providers, including obstetrician/gynecologists and subspecialists, assessed for and recommended influenza vaccine. However, 24.3% of obstetrician/gynecologists and 48.9% of subspecialists did not stock influenza vaccine for administration. Although zoster vaccine was recommended by >89.0% of primary care providers, <58.0% stocked the vaccine; by contrast, 91.6% of pharmacists stocked zoster vaccine. Vaccine needs assessments, recommendations, and stocking/referrals also varied by provider type for pneumococcal; tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis; tetanus diphtheria; human papillomavirus; and hepatitis B vaccines. Conclusions: This report highlights gaps in access to vaccines recommended for adults across the spectrum of provider specialties. Greater implementation of the Standards by all providers could improve adult vaccination rates in the U.S. by reducing missed opportunities to recommend vaccinations and either vaccinate or refer patients to vaccine providers.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

An algorithm for optimal management of aggregated HVAC power demand using smart thermostats

Here, this paper presents an algorithm for optimal management of aggregated power demand of a group of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) units. The algorithm provides an advanced direct load control mechanism for HVACs that leverages the availability of smart thermostats, which are remotely programmable and controllable. The paper provides a theoretical basis and an optimal solution to the problem of cycling a large number of HVAC units while respecting customer-chosen temperature limits for the purpose of maximum load reduction. The problem is presented in a new light by transforming it into a job scheduling problem and is solved using a combination of a novel greedy algorithm and a binary search algorithm. By leveraging widespread availability of smart internet-based (also referred to as IoT-based) thermostats in today’s environment, the proposed approach can be readily applied to residential buildings without additional electrical/IT infrastructure changes.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

A critical review of cyber-physical security for building automation systems

Modern Building Automation Systems (BASs), as the brain that enable the smartness of a smart building, often require increased connectivity both among system components as well as with outside entities, such as the cloud, to enable low-cost remote management, optimized automation via outsourced cloud analytics, and increased building-grid integrations. As smart buildings move towards open communication technologies, providing access to BASs through the building's intranet, or even remotely through the Internet, has become a common practice. However, increased connectivity and accessibility come with increased cyber security threats. BASs were historically developed as closed environments with limited cyber-security considerations. As a result, BASs in many buildings are vulnerable to cyber-attacks that may cause adverse consequences, such as occupant discomfort, excessive energy usage, and unexpected equipment downtime. Therefore, there is a strong need to advance the state-of-the-art in cyber-physical security for BASs and provide practical solutions for attack mitigation in buildings. However, an inclusive and systematic review of BAS vulnerabilities, potential cyber-attacks with impact assessment, detection & defense approaches, and cyber resilient control strategies is currently lacking in the literature. This review paper fills the gap by providing a comprehensive up-to-date review of cyber-physical security for BASs at three levels in commercial buildings: management level, automation level, and field level. The general BASs vulnerabilities and protocol-specific vulnerabilities for the four dominant BAS protocols (i.e., BACnet, KNX, LonWorks, and Modbus) are reviewed, followed by a discussion on four attack targets and seven potential attack scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of cyber-attacks on BASs is summarized as signal corruption, signal delaying, and signal blocking. The typical cyber-attack detection and defense approaches are identified at the three levels. Cyber resilient control strategies for BASs under attack are categorized into passive and active resilient control schemes. Open challenges and future opportunities are finally discussed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Inkless, dry printing nanographene via in-Situ Coordinated laser ablation and sintering processes

Printing carbon, such as graphene and other carbon structures, for flexible and printed electronics currently relies on either ink-based printing, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), or laser-induced graphitization (LIG) to convert carbon-rich precursor materials, such as polymers, to graphene-like carbon structures. Liquid inks contain toxic solvents, surfactants, and stabilizing additives that degrade electrical conductivity and require high-temperature post-processing. On the other hand, LIG is limited by the substrate. Here, this study introduces an additive manufacturing method for dry-printing carbon nanomaterials, ranging from amorphous carbon to crystalline graphene-like structures, on various substrates. The system utilizes laser ablation of a solid graphite target to create pure carbon nanoparticles in situ and on demand. An inert gas carries the nanoparticles onto the substrate, where they can be deposited either as amorphous structures or laser-sintered in real time to form various graphitic structures. The study of laser processing parameters, specifically fluence and pulse repetition frequency, revealed three unique regimes of nanostructure evolution that influence the morphological and electrical properties of these printed structures. Raman spectroscopy confirmed graphitization with a resistivity slightly higher than that of the bulk graphite target. The conductivity/resistivity could be tuned as a function of sintering laser power. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed that turbostratic nanographene formed with an interlayer spacing of 0.40 nm. Despite ink-based printing methods, such as screen printing, inkjet printing (IJP), and aerosol jet printing (AJP), this eco-friendly and green manufacturing technique could eliminate toxic chemicals, reduce environmental impact, and enable single-step fabrication of carbon-based devices for applications in wearable sensors, energy storage, flexible electronics, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Additive nanomanufacturing↗
DOE OSTI2014

RED-BL: Evaluating dynamic workload relocation for data center networks

In this study, we present RED-BL (Relocate Energy Demand to Better Locations), a framework to minimize the electricity cost for operating data center networks over consecutive intervals of fixed duration. Within each interval, RED-BL provides a mapping of workload to a set of geographically distributed data centers. To this end, RED-BL uses the geographical and temporal variations in electricity prices as exhibited by electrical energy markets. In addition, we incorporate the transition costs associated with a change in workload mapping from one interval to the next, over a planning window comprising multiple such intervals. This results in a sequence of workload mappings that is optimal over the entire planning window, even though the workload mapping in a given interval may not be locally optimal. Our evaluation of RED-BL uses electricity prices from the US markets and workload traces from live Internet applications with millions of users. We find that RED-BL can reduce the electric bill by as much as 45% compared to the case when the workload is uniformly distributed. When compared to existing workload relocation solutions, for a wide range of data center deployment sizes, RED-BL achieves electricity cost savings that are 8.28% higher, on average. This seemingly modest reduction can save millions of dollars for the operators. The cost of this saving is an inexpensive computation at the start of each planning window.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hybrid Modeling in the Era of Smart Manufacturing

Smart manufacturing (SM) is a new paradigm that allows manufacturing to enter its fourth revolution by exploiting state-of-the art sensing, communication and computation as the Industrial Internet of Things (IioT). Via the use of high-performance computing and advanced modeling, SM aims to improve the flexibility and adaptability of manufacturing. This paper addresses this trend by reviewing the combined use of data-driven and knowledge-enabled hybrid models (HM), and discusses how such techniques seamlessly fit in the SM platform. Furthermore, a discussion of the new paradigms of HM enabled by the SM platform is given, highlighting their importance in future large-scale applications of the SM platform.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Testing SOAR tools in use

Investigations within Security Operation Centers (SOCs) are tedious as they rely on manual efforts to query diverse data sources, overlay related logs, correlate the data into information, and then document results in a ticketing system. Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) tools are a relatively new technology that promise, with appropriate configuration, to collect, filter, and display needed diverse information; automate many of the common tasks that unnecessarily require SOC analysts’ time; facilitate SOC collaboration; and, in doing so, improve both efficiency and consistency of SOCs. There has been no prior research to test SOAR tools in practice; hence, understanding and evaluation of their effect is nascent and needed. Here, in this paper, we design and administer the first hands-on user study of SOAR tools, involving 24 participants and six commercial SOAR tools. Our contributions include the experimental design, itemizing six characteristics of SOAR tools, and a methodology for testing them. We describe configuration of a cyber range test environment, including network, user, and threat emulation; a full SOC tool suite; and creation of artifacts allowing multiple representative investigation scenarios to permit testing. We present the first research results on SOAR tools. Concisely, our findings are that: per-SOC SOAR configuration is extremely important; SOAR tools increase efficiency and reduce context switching, although with potentially decreased ticketing accuracy/completeness; user preference is slightly negatively correlated with their performance with the tool; internet dependence varies widely among SOAR tools; and balance of automation with assisting decision making is preferred by senior participants. We deliver a public user- and tool-anonymized and -obfuscated version of the data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Health impact assessment: A comparison of 45 local, national, and international guidelines

This article provides a comparison of health impact assessment (HIA) guidelines from around the world and for multiple geographic scales. We identify commonalities and differences within HIA guides to discuss the plausibility of consensus guidelines and to inform guideline development. The practice of HIA has grown over the last two decades with a concurrent growth of HIA guides. This study expands on earlier review work and includes guides published since 2007 (Mindell, Boltong and Forde, 2008). From April 2010 to October 2011, 45 HIA guides were identified through an internet search and review of previous research. Common characteristics, key features, and the HIA process were analyzed. The 45 documents recommended similar but not identical processes for conducting HIAs. These analyses suggest that guidelines for HIAs are similar in many areas of the world and that new HIA practitioners can use these findings to inform their approach. Further discussion is needed to determine if the approaches established in these guidelines are followed and if one set of common guidelines could be written for use in numerous countries and regions. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We analyze 45 health impact assessment (HIA) guidelines worldwide. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examine similarities and unique attributes of each guideline. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of developing consensus guidelines. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Identifying additional guidelines aides in future HIA work and evaluation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

EA follow-up in the Ghanaian mining sector: Challenges and opportunities

Environmental assessment (EA) follow-up provides a means for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of environmental impact studies. It is integral to the success or failure of a project or program. In spite of its importance, very little attention is given to the need for follow-up programs in most jurisdictions in Africa. Using a case study in the Ghanaian mining sector, this paper explores the challenges and opportunities within the country's EA process for an effective follow-up program. The paper is based on informal interviews, content analysis of relevant publications, official EA documents, and internet searches. The authors suggest a standard EA follow-up program to be formalized as an integral part of Ghana's environmental assessment policy. They also propose a follow-up process that harnesses existing opportunities within the country's EA system. This approach can be replicated in other African countries.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multi-channel low-cost light spectrum measurement using a multilayer perceptron

Light is one of the most important elements for residential and work spaces, which affects visual performance, comfort, productivity and well-being. The measures that quantify the characteristics of a light source are derived directly from the spectral power distribution (SPD). In addition the SPD is an important factor influencing the quality of a light source. However, measuring light source spectrum with traditional spectrometers is expensive, difficult to adapt to normal spaces, and hard to integrate with other systems. To address these challenges, a low-cost spectrometer was developed using an artificial neural network, with a resolution of 5 nm in the visible spectrum. The reconstructed SPD has an error lower than 2% and allows the derivation of measurements to characterize the colour quality of light sources. Additionally, the device has wireless communication (Bluetooth and Wi-Fi) in real-time, which allows integration into lighting control applications and other Internet of things (IoT) applications.

Botero-Valencia, Juan Sebastián↗