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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of Charged-Pion Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering off Nuclei with the CLAS Detector

Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear deep-inelastic scattering propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intranuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014-GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for π + and π - as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum—the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The π + multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy z and reaches minimum values of 0.67 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.02, and 0.27 ± 0.01 for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The z dependencies of the multiplicity ratios for π + and π - are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10% for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GIBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure and transport properties and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process.

Moran, S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Toward observation of three-nucleon short-range correlations in high- Q 2 A ( e , e ' ) X reactions

Here, we present a detailed study of the kinematical and dynamical conditions necessary for probing highly elusive three-nucleon short-range correlations (3N-SRCs) in nuclei through inclusive electron scattering. The kinematic requirements that should be satisfied in order to isolate 3N-SRCs in inclusive processes are derived. We demonstrate that a sequence of two short-range NN interactions is the main mechanism for 3N-SRCs in such processes. With this mechanism we predict a quadratic dependence of the cross section ratios of nuclei to 3 He in the 3N-SRC region to the same ratio measured in the 2N-SRC domain. An extended analysis of the available data which satisfies the required 3N-SRC kinematical conditions is presented. This analysis reveals tantalizing signatures of the scaling associated with the onset of 3N-SRC dominance. The same data are also consistent with the prediction of the quadratic relation between the ratios measured in the 3N- and 2N-SRC regions for nuclei ranging 4≤A≤197. This agreement made it possible to extract a 3 ⁡(A), the probability of 3N-SRCs relative to the A=3 nucleus. We find a 3 ⁡(A) to be significantly larger in magnitude than the analogous parameter, a 2 ⁡(A), for 2N-SRCs.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurements of the $W$ boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt {s}$ = 13 TeV

The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive W boson production at s=13 TeV is measured for the two transverse polarization states as a function of the W boson absolute rapidity. The measurement uses events in which a W boson decays to a neutrino and either a muon or an electron. The data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. The differential cross section and its value normalized to the total inclusive W boson production cross section are measured over the rapidity range |yW|<2.5. In addition to the total fiducial cross section, the W boson double-differential cross section, d2σ/dpTℓd|ηℓ|, and the charge asymmetry are measured as functions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The precision of these measurements is used to constrain the parton distribution functions of the proton using the next-to-leading order NNPDF3.0 set.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

BOSS DR12 full-shape cosmology: Λ CDM constraints from the large-scale galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum monopole

Here, we present a full Λ CDM analysis of the BOSS DR12 dataset, including information from the power spectrum multipoles, the real-space power spectrum, the reconstructed power spectrum and the bispectrum monopole. This is the first analysis to feature a complete treatment of the galaxy bispectrum, including a consistent theoretical model and without large-scale cuts. Unlike previous works, the statistics are measured using window-free estimators: this greatly reduces computational costs by removing the need to window-convolve the theory model. Our pipeline is tested using a suite of high-resolution mocks and shown to be robust and precise, with systematic errors far below the statistical thresholds. Inclusion of the bispectrum yields consistent parameter constraints and shrinks the σ 8 posterior by 13% to reach < 5 % precision; less conservative analysis choices would reduce the error bars further. Our constraints are broadly consistent with Planck: in particular, we find H 0 = 69.6$^{+1.1}_{–1.3}$ km s –1 Mpc –1 , σ 8 = 0.692$^{+0.035}_{–0.041}$ and n s = 0.870$^{+0.067}_{–0.064}$, including a BBN prior on the baryon density. When n s is set by Planck, we find H 0 = 68.31$^{+0.83}_{–0.86}$ km s –1 Mpc –1 and σ 8 = 0.722$^{+0.032}_{–0.036}$. Our S 8 posterior, 0.751 ± 0.039, is consistent with weak lensing studies, but lower than Planck. Constraints on the higher-order bias parameters are significantly strengthened from the inclusion of the bispectrum, and we find no evidence for deviation from the dark matter halo bias relations. These results represent the most complete full-shape analysis of BOSS DR12 to-date, and the corresponding spectra will enable a variety of beyond-Λ CDM analyses, probing phenomena such as the neutrino mass and primordial non-Gaussianity.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Impact of heavy quark and quarkonium data on nuclear gluon PDFs

A clear understanding of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) plays a crucial role in the interpretation of collider data taken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and in the near future at the Electron-Ion Collider. Even with the recent inclusions of vector boson and light meson production data, the uncertainty of the gluon PDF remains substantial and limits the interpretation of heavy ion collision data. To obtain new constraints on the nuclear gluon PDF, we extend our recent nCTEQ15WZ+SIH analysis to inclusive quarkonium and open heavy-flavor meson production data from the LHC. This vast new data set covers a wide kinematic range and puts strong constraints on the nuclear gluon PDF down to x ≲ 10 -5 . The theoretical predictions for these data sets are obtained from a data-driven approach, where proton-proton data are used to determine effective scattering matrix elements. This approach is validated with detailed comparisons to existing next-to-leading order calculations in nonrelativistic QCD for quarkonia and in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme for the open heavy-flavored mesons. In addition, the uncertainties from the data-driven approach are determined using the Hessian method and accounted for in the PDF fits. This extension of our previous analyses represents an important step toward the next generation of PDFs not only by including new data sets, but also by exploring new methods for future analyses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Definition of fragmentation functions and the violation of sum rules

We point out a problem with the formulation and derivations of sum rules for quark fragmentation functions that impacts their validity in QCD, but which potentially points toward an improved understanding of final states in inclusive hard processes. Fragmentation functions give the distribution of final-state hadrons arising from a parton exiting a hard scattering, and the sum rules for momentum, electric charge, etc. express conservation of these quantities. The problem arises from a mismatch between the quark quantum numbers of the initial quark and the fact that all observed final-state hadrons are confined bound states with color zero. We point that, in a confining theory like QCD, the Wilson line in the operator definition of a fragmentation function entails that the final state in a fragmentation function includes a bound state in the external field generated by the Wilson line. We justify this with the aid of general features of string hadronization. The anomalous bound states are restricted to fractional momentum z = 0 . They tend to invalidate sum rules like the one for charge conservation when applied to the fragmentation functions inferred from experimental data but not the momentum sum rule. We propose to exploit our ideas in future studies as a way to relate the fragmentation functions extracted from inclusive cross sections to more detailed nonperturbative descriptions of final state hadronization. We also describe scenarios wherein the traditional sum rules might remain approximately valid with a reasonably high degree of accuracy. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

SIDIS at small x at next-to-leading order: Gluon contribution

We calculate the contribution of gluons to single inclusive hadron production at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at small x using the color glass condensate formalism. It is shown that the only divergence present is the standard collinear divergence, which is absorbed into scale evolution of quark-hadron fragmentation function. Our calculations are performed at finite N c and we provide general finite N c expressions for the structure of Wilson lines appearing in inclusive dihadron and single hadron production cross sections. We also comment on how one can obtain rapidity distribution of hadron multiplicities from our results. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evidence for B + → K + ν ν ¯ decays

We search for the rare decay B + → K + ν ν ¯ in a 362 fb − 1 sample of electron-positron collisions at the ϒ ( 4 S ) resonance collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We use the inclusive properties of the accompanying B meson in ϒ ( 4 S ) → B B ¯ events to suppress background from other decays of the signal B candidate and light-quark pair production. We validate the measurement with an auxiliary analysis based on a conventional hadronic reconstruction of the accompanying B meson. For background suppression, we exploit distinct signal features using machine learning methods tuned with simulated data. The signal-reconstruction efficiency and background suppression are validated through various control channels. The branching fraction is extracted in a maximum likelihood fit. Our inclusive and hadronic analyses yield consistent results for the B + → K + ν ν ¯ branching fraction of [ 2.7 ± 0.5 ( stat ) ± 0.5 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 5 and [ 1.1 − 0.8 + 0.9 ( stat ) − 0.5 + 0.8 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 5 , respectively. Combining the results, we determine the branching fraction of the decay B + → K + ν ν ¯ to be [ 2.3 ± 0.5 ( stat ) − 0.4 + 0.5 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 5 , providing the first evidence for this decay at 3.5 standard deviations. The combined result is 2.7 standard deviations above the standard model expectation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

QCD-gravity double-copy in the Regge regime: Shock wave propagators

In a previous paper [H. Raj and R. Venugopalan, ], we demonstrated a double-copy relation between inclusive gluon radiation in shock wave collisions of ultrarelativistic nuclei and inclusive graviton radiation in trans-Planckian gravitational shock wave collisions. We compute here the corresponding gravitational shock wave propagators in general relativity and demonstrate that they too obey a double-copy relation to gluon shock wave propagators computed previously. These results provide key input in a renormalization group approach toward computing the high frequency radiation spectrum in close black hole encounters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurements of jet cross-section ratios in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with ATLAS

Measurements of jet cross-section ratios between inclusive bins of jet multiplicity are performed in 140 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions with √s = 13 TeV center-of-mass energy, recorded with the ATLAS detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. These ratios are constructed from double-differential cross-section measurements that are made in bins of jet multiplicity and other observables that are sensitive the energy scale and angular distribution of radiation due to the strong interaction in the final state. Additionally, the scalar sum of the two leading jets’ transverse momenta is measured triple differentially, in bins of the third jet’s transverse momentum and of jet multiplicity. These measurements are unfolded to account for acceptance and detector-related effects. The measured distributions are used to construct ratios of the inclusive jet-multiplicity bins, which have been shown to be sensitive to the strong coupling Formula Presented while being less sensitive than other observables to systematic uncertainties and parton distribution functions. The measured distributions are compared with state-of-the-art QCD calculations, including next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions for two- and three-jet events. These predictions are generally found to model the data well and perform best in bins with a modest requirement on the third jet’s transverse momentum. Significant differences between data and Monte Carlo predictions are observed in events with large rapidity gaps and invariant masses of the leading jet pair. Studies leading to reduced jet energy scale uncertainties significantly improve the precision of this work and are documented herein.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High precision measurements of α 𝑠 at the future EIC

Here, we present a projection study for the first moments of the inclusive spin structure function ∫𝑔 1 ⁡(𝑥,𝑄 2 )𝑑𝑥 for the proton and neutron from simulated doubly-polarized $\overrightarrow{e}$ $⁢\overrightarrow{p}$ and $\overrightarrow{e}$ − $\overrightarrow{^{3}He}$ collision data expected from the Electron Ion Collider. For detection and extraction of the neutron spin asymmetries from $\overrightarrow{e}$ − $\overrightarrow{^{3}He}$ collisions, we used the double-tagging method which significantly reduces the uncertainty over the traditional inclusive method. Using the Bjorken Sum Rule, the projected results allow us to determine that the QCD coupling at the 𝑍-pole 𝛼 𝑠 ⁡(𝑀$^2_{Z^0}$) can be measured with a relative precision of 1.3%. This underscores the significance of the EIC for achieving precision determinations of 𝛼 𝑠 .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of 𝑑 2⁢ 𝜎/𝑑⁢|$\vec{q}$|⁢𝑑⁢𝐸 avail in charged current 𝜈 𝜇 -nucleus interactions at ⟨𝐸 𝜈 ⟩=1.86 GeV using the NOvA Near Detector

Double- and single-differential cross sections for inclusive charged-current 𝜈 𝜇 -nucleus scattering are reported for the kinematic domain 0 to 2 GeV/𝑐 in three-momentum transfer and 0 to 2 GeV in available energy, at a mean 𝜈 𝜇 energy of 1.86 GeV. The measurements are based on an estimated 995,760 𝜈 𝜇 charged-current (CC) interactions in the scintillator medium of the NOvA Near Detector. The subdomain populated by 2-particle-2-hole (2p2h) reactions is identified by the cross section excess relative to predictions for 𝜈 𝜇 -nucleus scattering that are constrained by a data control sample. Models for 2-particle-2-hole processes are rated by 𝜒 2 comparisons of the predicted-versus-measured 𝜈 𝜇 CC inclusive cross section over the full phase space and in the restricted subdomain. Shortfalls are observed in neutrino generator predictions obtained using the theory-based València and SuSAv2 2p2h models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Strong coupling from hadronic τ -decay data including τ → π − π 0 ν τ from Belle

In previous work we have combined the π − π 0 , 2 π − π + π 0 , and π − 3 π 0 spectral data obtained from hadronic τ decays measured by the ALEPH and OPAL experiments, together with electroproduction data for several of the subleading hadronic modes and data for the K K ¯ mode to construct an inclusive nonstrange vector spectral function entirely based on experimental data, with no Monte-Carlo generated input. In this paper, we include, for the first time, the Belle τ → π − π 0 ν τ high-statistics decay data to construct a new inclusive nonstrange vector spectral function that combines more of the world’s available data. As no Belle data are at present available for the two 4 π modes, this requires a revised data analysis in comparison with our previous work. From the resulting new spectral function, we obtain a new determination of the strong coupling, α s , using our previously developed strategy based on finite-energy sum rules. We find, at the Z mass scale, α s ( m Z 2 ) = 0.1159 ( 14 ) . We discuss the smaller central value and larger error of our new result compared to our previous result, showing the shifts to be due mainly to significant changes in updated HFLAV results for the π − 3 π 0 decay mode. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Boito, Diogo (ORCID:0000000244267984)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Unavoidable multilevel biaxial symmetry breaking in chiral hybrid liquid crystals

Chiral nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) are fluid mesophases with long-ranged orientational order featuring a quasilayered periodicity imparted by a helical director configuration but lacking long-range positional order. Doping molecular cholesteric LCs with strongly anisotropic uniaxial colloidal particles adds another level of complexity because of the interplay between weak surface-anchoring boundary conditions and bulk-based elastic distortions near the particle-LC interface. Using cylindrical colloidal disks and rods with different geometric shapes and surface conditions, we demonstrate that these colloidal inclusions generically exhibit biaxial orientational probability distributions which may impart anomalously strong local biaxiality onto the hybrid cholesteric LC structure. Unlike nonchiral hybrid molecular-colloidal LCs, where biaxial order emerges only at critical colloid volume fractions exceeding some uniaxial-biaxial transition value, the orientational probability of the colloidal inclusions immersed in chiral nematic hosts is unambiguously biaxial even at infinite dilution. We demonstrate that the colloids induce local biaxial perturbations within the molecular orientational order of the LC host medium which strongly enhances the weak but native biaxial order of chiral nematic LC induced by the chiral symmetry breaking of the director field. With the help of analytical modeling and computer simulations based on the Landau–de Gennes free energy of the host LC around the colloids, we rationalize the observed multilevel biaxial order and conclude that it is not only unavoidable but also strongly enhanced compared to both achiral hybrid LCs and purely molecular cholesteric LCs.

biaxial liquid crystals↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Measurement of the B + → π + π 0 π 0 Branching Fraction and C P Asymmetry

We study B + → π + π 0 π 0 using 711 fb -1 of data collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. Here we measure an inclusive branching fraction of (19.0 ±1.5 ±1.4)×10 -6 and an inclusive CP asymmetry of (9.2 ±6.8 ±0.7)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and a B + → ρ(770) + π 0 branching fraction of (11.2 ± 1.1 ± 0.9 $^{+0.8}_{-1.6}$)× 10 -6 , where the third uncertainty is due to possible interference with B + → ρ(1450) + π 0 . We present the first observation of a structure around 1 GeV/c 2 in the π 0 π 0 mass spectrum, with a significance of 6.4σ, and measure a branching fraction to be (6.9 ±0.9 ±0.6) × 10 -6 . We also report a measurement of local CP asymmetry in this structure.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on 127 I with the COHERENT NaI$ν$E Detector

Using an 185-kg NaI[Tl] array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino chargedcurrent cross section on 127 I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤ 50 MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of ${9.2}_{–1.8}^{+2.1}$ × 10 –40 cm 2 . This corresponds to a value that is ~41% lower than predicted using the MARLEY event generator with a measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution. In addition, the observed visible spectrum from charged-current scattering on 127 I has been measured between 10 and 55 MeV, and the exclusive zero-neutron and one-or-more-neutron emission cross sections are measured to be ${5.2}_{–3.1}^{+3.4}$ × 10 –40 and ${2.2}_{—2.2}^{+3.5}$ × 10 –40 cm 2 , respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Study of High-Transverse-Momentum Higgs Boson Production in Association with a Vector Boson in the qqbb Final State with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter presents the first study of Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V=W or Z) in the fully hadronic qqbb final state using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb –1 . The vector bosons and Higgs bosons are each reconstructed as large-radius jets and tagged using jet substructure techniques. Dedicated tagging algorithms exploiting b-tagging properties are used to identify jets consistent with Higgs bosons decaying into $b\bar{b}$. Dominant backgrounds from multijet production are determined directly from the data, and a likelihood fit to the jet mass distribution of Higgs boson candidates is used to extract the number of signal events. The VH production cross section is measured inclusively and differentially in several ranges of Higgs boson transverse momentum: 250–450, 450–650, and greater than 650 GeV. The inclusive signal yield relative to the standard model expectation is observed to be μ=1.4$^{+1.0}_{–0.9}$ and the corresponding cross section is 3.1±1.3⁢(stat)$^{+1.8}_{–1.4}$(syst.) pb.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗