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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 631 records · Page 35
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

A Hybrid Symmetric FEM/MOM Formulation Applied to Scattering by Inhomogeneous Bodies of Revolution

A new symmetric formulation of the Hybrid Finite Element Method (HFEM) is described which combines elements of the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) and the Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE) for the exterior region along with the finite element solution for the interior problem. The formulation is applied to scattering by inhomogeneous bodies of revolution. To avoid spurious modes in the interior region a combination of vector and nodal based finite elements are used. Integral equations in the exterior region are used to enforce the Sommerfield radiation condition by matching both the tangential electric and magnetic fields between interior and exterior regions.

Lee, J-F.↗
NASA NTRS2018

How Do You Go From a Concept Idea to a NASA Selected Mission? Formulating the Psyche Discovery Mission with JPL's Concurrent Engineering Teams

JPL’s Office of Formulation provides continuity of support and access to domain subject matter experts, as Principal Investigators mature their mission concepts from “cocktail napkin” ideas to Preliminary Design Reviews [1]. Using NASA’s Psyche mission as a case study, we describe JPL’s concurrent engineering A-Team and Team X support to the Psyche competed concept study team in the areas of 1) Initial Feasibility, 2) Trade Space Exploration, 3) Spacecraft Point Design and Cost Estimate, 4) Science, Technical, Management, and Cost Review, and 5) Strategy and Communication Development. NASA’s Psyche Discovery-class mission started as a grassroots idea from Principal Investigator L.T. ElkinsTanton. Is there a compelling Discovery mission to visit the interior of a body for the first time, by sending a mission to an iron metal asteroid? In less than five years the Psyche concept was selected as a mission under NASA’s Discovery Program. While Psyche had a dedicated concept development team [2], they utilized JPL’s concurrent engineering teams, methods, analysis tools, and subject matter experts throughout their mission concept formulation lifecycle

Ziemer, John↗
NASA NTRS2018

Operability Engineering for the Europa Clipper Mission: Formulation Phase Results and Lessons

Operability is an important factor in both success and cost of space missions, but is difficult to quantify, and can suffer if not considered as part of early formulation and design. The Europa Clipper mission has taken a deliberate approach to infusing operability into the concepts and designs since early in the formulation phase. This paper reports on that approach to operability and the results thus far, as the Europa Clipper mission approaches its Preliminary Design Review. Definitions for operability and its various aspects are presented along with a description of the engineering and organizational approach taken to infusing operability into designs. A number of examples of operability requirements are shown, and key examples of trade studies and design decisions are described, along with influence on outcomes motivated by operability considerations. We find that support from management, empowerment of a cross-discipline Operability Working Group, consistent tracking of operability aspects over time, and broad infusion and participation in operability considerations are all significant factors in implementing operability. In particular, thoughtful and deliberate consideration of operability criteria has led to design decisions that include proper consideration of concerns related to the mission operations phase, and seem likely to provide better science results and mission outcomes.

Huh, Shin M.↗
NASA NTRS2021

ANOPP2’s Farassat Formulations Internal Functional Module (AFFIFM) Reference Manual

This manual documents version 1.4.0 of ANOPP2’s Farassat Formulations Internal Functional Modules (AFFIFMs) developed by NASA Langley Research Center’s Aeroacoustics Branch. The AFFIFMs provide the capability of calculating an acoustic pressure time history (APTH), or similar metric, provided one or more Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FWH) surfaces. AFFIFMs also allow for compact line sources. This application programming interface (API) is part of a larger toolkit called the Aircraft NOise Prediction Program 2 (ANOPP2). The goal of ANOPP2 is to provide the ability to independently: (1) assess aircraft system noise; (2) assess aircraft component noise; and (3) evaluate aircraft noise reduction technologies and flight procedures. Additionally, ANOPP2 is designed to provide a capability for understanding the fundamental physics involved in noise generation to support experiments and flight demonstration activities. As a component of ANOPP2, ANOPP2’s Farassat Formulations Internal Functional Modules and this document may be included as part of the ANOPP2 distribution, or they may be provided independent of that distribution. This is the ANOPP2 internal version of this document. It supersedes the NASA Internal Distribution(NID), US General Distribution (UGD), and General Public Distribution (GPD) versions.

Acoustics↗
DOE OSTI2010

Highly concentrated foam formulation for blast mitigation

A highly concentrated foam formulation for blast suppression and dispersion mitigation for use in responding to a terrorism incident involving a radiological dispersion device. The foam formulation is more concentrated and more stable than the current blast suppression foam (AFC-380), which reduces the logistics burden on the user.

Tucker, Mark D↗
DOE OSTI2012

EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR FORMULATION OF CRYSTAL-TOLERANT HLW GLASSES

Historically, high-level waste (HLW) glasses have been formulated with a low liquideus temperature (T{sub L}), or temperature at which the equilibrium fraction of spinel crystals in the melt is below 1 vol % (T{sub 0.01}), nominally below 1050 C. These constraints cannot prevent the accumulation of large spinel crystals in considerably cooler regions ({approx} 850 C) of the glass discharge riser during melter idling and significantly limit the waste loading, which is reflected in a high volume of waste glass, and would result in high capital, production, and disposal costs. A developed empirical model predicts crystal accumulation in the riser of the melter as a function of concentration of spinel-forming components in glass, and thereby provides guidance in formulating crystal-tolerant glasses that would allow high waste loadings by keeping the spinel crystals small and therefore suspended in the glass.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2010

Performance properties of formulations containing diaminozoxyfurazan as replacements for PBXN-7

In an effort to increase safety and take advantage of extremely insensitive explosives like TATB, PBXN-7 was developed. It is an integral part of the insensitive munition (IM) effort and has contributed significantly to improvements seen in slow cook-off (SCO). Other explosives exist, while not as insensitive as TATB, which show promise in performance while maintaining insensitivity to common insults. Furazan chemistry developments over the past 30 years have yielded several, and Diaminoazoxyfurazan (DAAF) is one of the forerunners. DAAF has many intriguing properties, which indicated it might be a good fit in formulations designed to replace PBXN-7. A project funded through the Joint Insensitive Munitions Technology Program was launched in 2009 to develop and test formulations containing DAAF and RDX, DAAF and HMX, DAAF and TATB, and DAAF (by itself). All used the same binder, Viton, in 5 weight percent. The testing included performance testing with rate stick, shock sensitivity testing with the IHE gap test, and cold temperature performance testing with rate sticks and front curvature measurements.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2010

An explicit finite element formulation for dynamic strain localization and damage evolution in metals

An explicit finite element formulation, used to study the behavior and failure mechanisms of metallic materials under high strain rate loading, is presented. The formulation is based on the assumed-strain approach of Fish and Belytschko [1988], which allows localization bands to be embedded within an element, thereby alleviating mesh sensitivity and reducing the required computational effort. The behavior of the material outside localization bands (and of the virgin material prior to the onset of strain localization) is represented using a Gurson-type coupled plasticity-damage model based on the work of Johnson and Addessio [1988]. Assuming adiabatic conditions, the response of the localization band material is represented by a set of constitutive equations for large elasticviscoplastic deformations in metals at high strain rates and high homologous temperatures (see Brown et al. [1989]). Computational results are compared to experimental data for different metallic alloys to illustrate the advantages of the proposed modeling strategy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR FORMULATION OF CRYSTAL-TOLERANT HLW GLASSES

Historically, high-level waste (HLW) glasses have been formulated with a low liquidus temperature (TL), or temperature at which the equilibrium fraction of spinel crystals in the melt is below 1 vol % (T0.01), nominally below 1050°C. These constraints cannot prevent the accumulation of large spinel crystals in considerably cooler regions (~ 850°C) of the glass discharge riser during melter idling and significantly limit the waste loading, which is reflected in a high volume of waste glass, and would result in high capital, production, and disposal costs. A developed empirical model predicts crystal accumulation in the riser of the melter as a function of concentration of spinel-forming components in glass, and thereby provides guidance in formulating crystal-tolerant glasses that would allow high waste loadings by keeping the spinel crystals small and therefore suspended in the glass.

Empirical model↗
DOE OSTI2015

Advances in the Glass Formulations for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant

The Department of Energy-Office of River Protection (DOE-ORP) is constructing the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to treat radioactive waste currently stored in underground tanks at the Hanford site in Washington. The WTP that is being designed and constructed by a team led by Bechtel National, Inc. (BNI) will separate the tank waste into High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW) fractions with the majority of the mass (~90%) directed to LAW and most of the activity (>95%) directed to HLW. The pretreatment process, envisioned in the baseline, involves the dissolution of aluminum-bearing solids so as to allow the aluminum salts to be processed through the cesium ion exchange and report to the LAW Facility. There is an oxidative leaching process to affect a similar outcome for chromium-bearing wastes. Both of these unit operations were advanced to accommodate shortcomings in glass formulation for HLW inventories. A by-product of this are a series of technical challenges placed upon materials selected for the processing vessels. The advances in glass formulation play a role in revisiting the flow sheet for the WTP and hence, the unit operations that were being imposed by minimal waste loading requirements set forth in the contract for the design and construction of the plant. Another significant consideration to the most recent revision of the glass models are the impacts on resolution of technical questions associated with current efforts for design completion.

Kruger, Albert A.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Least-Squares PN Formulation of the Transport Equation Using Self-Adjoint-Angular-Flux Consistent Boundary Conditions.

In this paper, we study the Least-Squares (LS) PN form of the transport equation compatible with voids in the context of Continuous Finite Element Methods (CFEM).We first deriveweakly imposed boundary conditions which make the LS weak formulation equivalent to the Self-Adjoint Angular Flux (SAAF) variational formulation with a void treatment, in the particular case of constant cross-sections and a uniform mesh. We then implement this method in Rattlesnake with the Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework using a spherical harmonics (PN) expansion to discretize in angle. We test our implementation using the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) and find the expected convergence behavior both in angle and space. Lastly, we investigate the impact of the global non-conservation of LS by comparing the method with SAAF on a heterogeneous test problem.

Least-Squares↗
DOE OSTI2016

Least-Squares PN Formulation of the Transport Equation Using Self-Adjoint-Angular-Flux Consistent Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we study the Least-Squares (LS) PN form of the transport equation compatible with voids [1] in the context of Continuous Finite Element Methods (CFEM).We first deriveweakly imposed boundary conditions which make the LS weak formulation equivalent to the Self-Adjoint Angular Flux (SAAF) variational formulation with a void treatment [2], in the particular case of constant cross-sections and a uniform mesh. We then implement this method in Rattlesnake with the Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework [3] using a spherical harmonics (PN) expansion to discretize in angle. We test our implementation using the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) and find the expected convergence behavior both in angle and space. Lastly, we investigate the impact of the global non-conservation of LS by comparing the method with SAAF on a heterogeneous test problem.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Formulations and Valid Inequalities for Optimal Black Start Allocation in Power Systems

The restoration of a power system after a blackout starts around units with enhanced technical capabilities, referred to as black start units (BSUs). We examine the planning problem of optimally allocating these units on the grid subject to a budget constraint. We present a mixed integer programming model based on current literature in power systems. Binary variables are associated with the allocation of BSUs and with the energization state of buses, branches, and generators of the power system over a time horizon. We extract a substructure of the feasible region which imposes the requirement that each island that appears during the restoration process must have at least one operational generator. We discuss three equivalent reformulations for this requirement. We introduce a family of exponentially many, polynomially separable, valid inequalities to strengthen the formulation. Under simplifying assumptions, we show that the convex hull of the feasible region is a full-dimensional polyhedron, and prove that some of the constraints we introduced are facet-defining. We perform experiments to examine the difference in strength between the formulations as well as the computational times to solve the problem to near optimality for synthetic instances of the IEEE-39, IEEE-118, Illinois-200, WECC-225, IEEE-300, South Carolina-500, and Texas-2000 power systems. We illustrate a use case of the model. We conclude by suggesting extensions of the current work for future research.

Black Start Allocation↗
DOE OSTI2012

Examination of temperature dependent subgroup formulations in direct whole core transport calculation for power reactors

The traditional subgroup method which has been applied for lattice transport calculations has an inherent limitation for non-uniform temperature distributions. As a measure to incorporate temperature dependence into the subgroup formulation, the subgroup level and number density adjustment method have been proposed. In this paper, the temperature dependent subgroup formulations employed for reflecting the non-uniform temperature effects on the resonance spatial self-shielding are examined for the whole core transport calculation with the thermal feedback. For 2D pin-cell problem with non-uniform temperature profiles, the inherent limitation of conventional subgroup method is confirmed. And the improvement in terms of reactivity is observed with the proposed adjustment scheme. For the real PWR core calculation with thermal feedback in the hot-full-power condition, the noticeable correction for the fuel temperature coefficient by about 10% more negative is obtained with the correction schemes. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of a S{sub n} transport code based on discontinuous finite element method and coarse mesh finite difference formulation

The methods and performance of a three-dimensional S{sub n} transport code employing the Discontinuous Finite Element Method (DFEM) and the Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) formulation are presented. The mesh generator GMSH and a post processing visualization tool Visit are combined with the code for flexible geometry processing and versatile visualization. The CMFD method for DFEM Sn applications is formulated and the performance of the CMFD acceleration of eigenvalue calculations is demonstrated for a simple set of neutron transport problems. (authors)

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Advances in the glass formulations for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant - 15053

The Department of Energy-Office of River Protection (DOE-ORP) is constructing the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to treat radioactive waste currently stored in underground tanks at the Hanford site in Washington. The WTP that is being designed and constructed by a team led by Bechtel National, Inc. (BNI) will separate the tank waste into High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW) fractions with the majority of the mass (∼90%) directed to LAW and most of the activity (>95%) directed to HLW. The pretreatment process, envisioned in the baseline, involves the dissolution of aluminum-bearing solids so as to allow the aluminum salts to be processed through the cesium ion exchange and report to the LAW Facility. There is an oxidative leaching process to affect a similar outcome for chromium-bearing wastes. Both of these unit operations were advanced to accommodate shortcomings in glass formulation for HLW inventories. A by-product of this are a series of technical challenges placed upon materials selected for the processing vessels. The advances in glass formulation play a role in revisiting the flow sheet for the WTP and hence, the unit operations that were being imposed by minimal waste loading requirements set forth in the contract for the design and construction of the plant. Another significant consideration to the most recent revision of the glass models are the impacts on resolution of technical questions associated with current efforts for design completion. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Encapsulation of Wastes Using Adapted Geopolymer Formulations - 20272

A geopolymer formulation characterized by a low initial viscosity, suitable to immobilise a wide range of waste types such as oils, chemicals and solid waste, is introduced and characterized. The role of the specific surface area of magnesium oxide additions to the reference formulation is presented. Moreover, its capability to encapsulate different volume fractions of oil via the preparation of oil in activator solution emulsions is introduced. Lastly, the effect of oil incorporation on the density, the mechanical strength and the leaching properties of the compositions is presented and discussed. (authors)

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗