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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 613 records · Page 34
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

Preserving the Science Legacy from the Apollo Missions to the Moon

Six Apollo missions landed on the Moon from 1969-72, returning to Earth 382 kg of lunar rock, soil, and core samples-among the best documented and preserved samples on Earth that have supported a robust research program for 45 years. From mission planning through sample collection, preliminary examination, and subsequent research, strict protocols and procedures are followed for handling and allocating Apollo subsamples. Even today, 100s of samples are allocated for research each year, building on the science foundation laid down by the early Apollo sample studies and combining new data from today's instrumentation, lunar remote sensing missions and lunar meteorites. Today's research includes advances in our understanding of lunar volatiles, lunar formation and evolution, and the origin of evolved lunar lithologies. Much sample information is available to researchers at curator.jsc.nasa.gov. Decades of analyses on lunar samples are published in LPSC proceedings volumes and other peer-reviewed journals, and tabulated in lunar sample compendia entries. However, for much of the 1969-1995 period, the processing documentation, individual and consortia analyses, and unpublished results exist only in analog forms or primitive digital formats that are either inaccessible or at risk of being lost forever because critical data from early investigators remain unpublished. We have initiated several new efforts to rescue some of the early Apollo data, including unpublished analytical data. We are scanning NASA documentation that is related to the Apollo missions and sample processing, and we are collaborating with IEDA to establish a geochemical database called Moon DB. To populate this database, we are working with prominent lunar PIs to organize and transcribe years of both published and unpublished data. Other initiatives include micro-CT scanning of complex lunar samples to document their interior structure (e.g. clasts, vesicles); linking high-resolution scans of Apollo film products to samples; and new procedures for systematic high resolution photography of samples before additional processing, enabling detailed 3D reconstructions of the samples. All of these efforts will provide comprehensive access to Apollo samples and support better curation of the samples for decades to come.

Evans, Cindy↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluation of Time-Series Gap-Filling Methods for Solar Irradiance Applications

A complete solar resource data set is essential for any stage of a solar energy project - from feasibility studies to daily operations. But measured or modeled solar resource data are prone to data gaps and data quality issues. To mitigate these issues, a data imputation process should be implemented to obtain a complete and reliable temporal and spatial data series. This study focused on imputing temporal scales by applying random and artificial data gaps and then implementing eight imputation methods, including the Kalman filtering and smoothing and stine interpolations. These methods were implemented on 1-minute to half hourly irradiance data for 1 year using a few locations from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) and ground measurement data set. The results demonstrated that some of the simpler methods, such as the stine and linear interpolation methods, were the relatively best models based on the statistical metrics for imputing NSRDB and ground measurement data, respectively.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Introduction of the NASA Microgravity Research Library

As opportunities for conducting experiments in space are rare, more studies have been published using ground-based analogs that simulate microgravity conditions. For example, when conducting a literature search in PubMed for peer-reviewed articles and studies that used simulated microgravity conditions, results will yield over 5,000 publications dating back to 1961. The issue with this search technique and medium is that these articles are vast in quantity and spread out across multiple web-based databases, repositories, and libraries; some of which, are wholly inaccessible. For example, in PubMed for a single year, we found 1,000+ microgravity research articles among more than 12,000 general, space research articles; these, were within an overarching 350,000+ total, general medical research articles for just 2020. The KSC Microgravity Simulation Support Facility (MSSF), with support from the KSC Information Technology (IT) Applications Development Team and the NASA Space Biology Program, took the initiative to develop a database that would serve as the central repository for existing microgravity research. This repository site is open to the public and houses not only peer-reviewed publications relating to microgravity research, but also dissertations, technical publications such as white papers, NASA technical publications, and patent publications. In this presentation, we will discuss some of our literature research findings as well as present a working prototype version of the Library. It is our goal that the future infrastructure of this database advance to become a fully-functional, NASA Space Life-Sciences Research Library.

Anna Maria Ruby↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Introduction of the NASA Microgravity Research Library

As opportunities for conducting experiments in space are rare, more studies have been published using ground-based analogs that simulate microgravity conditions. For example, when conducting a literature search in PubMed for peer-reviewed articles and studies that used simulated microgravity conditions, results will yield over 5,000 publications dating back to 1961. The issue with this search technique and medium is that these articles are vast in quantity and spread out across multiple web-based databases, repositories, and libraries; some of which, are wholly inaccessible. For example, in PubMed for a single year, we found 1,000+ microgravity research articles among more than 12,000 general, space research articles; these, were within an overarching 350,000+ total, general medical research articles for just 2020. The KSC Microgravity Simulation Support Facility (MSSF), with support from the KSC Information Technology (IT) Applications Development Team and the NASA Space Biology Program, took the initiative to develop a database that would serve as the central repository for existing microgravity research. This repository site is open to the public and houses not only peer-reviewed publications relating to microgravity research, but also dissertations, technical publications such as white papers, NASA technical publications, and patent publications. In this presentation, we will discuss some of our literature research findings as well as present a working prototype version of the Library. It is our goal that the future infrastructure of this database advance to become a fully-functional, NASA Space Life-Sciences Research Library.

Anna Maria Ruby↗
NASA NTRS1992

Electronic publishing and intelligent information retrieval

Europeans are now taking steps to homogenize policies and standardize procedures in electronic publishing (EP) in astronomy and space sciences. This arose from an open meeting organized in Oct. 1991 at Strasbourg Observatory (France) and another business meeting held late Mar. 1992 with the major publishers and journal editors in astronomy and space sciences. The ultimate aim of EP might be considered as the so-called 'intelligent information retrieval' (IIR) or better named 'advanced information retrieval' (AIR), taking advantage of the fact that the material to be published appears at some stage in a machine-readable form. It is obvious that the combination of desktop and electronic publishing with networking and new structuring of knowledge bases will profoundly reshape not only our ways of publishing, but also our procedures of communicating and retrieving information. It should be noted that a world-wide survey among astronomers and space scientists carried out before the October 1991 colloquium on the various packages and machines used, indicated that TEX-related packages were already in majoritarian use in our community. It has also been stressed at each meeting that the European developments should be carried out in collaboration with what is done in the US (STELLAR project, for instance). American scientists and journal editors actually attended both meetings mentioned above. The paper will offer a review of the status of electronic publishing in astronomy and its possible contribution to advanced information retrieval in this field. It will also report on recent meetings such as the 'Astronomy from Large Databases-2 (ALD-2)' conference dealing with the latest developments in networking, in data, information, and knowledge bases, as well as in the related methodologies.

Heck, A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

National Energy Water Treatment & Speciation (NEWTS): A Water & Critical Mineral Database and Dashboard

The scarcity of water resources, the need for beneficial water reuse, and the challenges of wastewater treatment are becoming increasingly pressing in economic, social, and environmental domains. Addressing these concerns requires effective treatment strategies to manage wastewater streams and tackle environmental and economic issues. Furthermore, the recovery of critical minerals from the waste streams associated with energy production holds the promise of offsetting treatment costs and securing local sources of valuable minerals. However, relevant data on these waste streams are dispersed and challenging to locate. The process of ingesting such data into modeling software often involves multiple steps, requiring data restructuring to meet software-input requirements. The non-standardized reporting of water data makes data aggregation and reformatting a time-consuming process. Additionally, essential attributes necessary for modeling water treatment and mineral scale formation are frequently missing. Moreover, data gaps vary depending on the region of interest. Consequently, there is a pressing need for high-quality energy-water composition data that can be easily imported into water chemistry modeling software. To address this need, the National Energy Technology Laboratory has created the National Energy Water Treatment and Speciation (NEWTS) Database and Dashboard—a free online tool catering to community leaders and water researchers. NEWTS facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the composition of energy-related wastewater streams in the United States. The datasets provide detailed concentrations and speciation of major and minor aqueous compounds in energy-related wastewater streams, including power plant leachate, acid mine drainage, brackish water, and oil and gas produced water across the United States. Many of the aqueous species are critical minerals (Li, REEs) in high demand to modernize the world’s energy infrastructure. Many of the datasets also contain volumetric flow-rates needed to model the treatment and reuse scenarios in advanced aqueous chemistry software programs. The NEWTS Database and Dashboard offer public access to hitherto challenging-to-access datasets, presented in a standardized format that is tailored for easy input into aqueous chemistry modeling software. By performing the work needed to transform dispersed, disparate data sources into unified, model-ready datasets, NEWTS serves as an essential resource in advancing water treatment research and sustainable water resource management.

produced water management↗
NASA NTRS2026

Parametric-Based Heat Rejection Trade Study for Lunar and Martian Surface Operations

Establishing and maintaining a sustained presence on the lunar and/or Martian surfaces will require a diverse portfolio of surface elements (e.g., habitation, mobility, power generation, etc.). Many of these systems generate excess heat that must be rejected across a wide range of magnitudes, temperatures, and duty cycles and under variable environmental conditions. To identify the most promising heat rejection approaches for this diverse portfolio, a heat rejection trade study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different technology approaches across a spectrum of surface environments and heat-load requirements. The trade study consisted of three stages: (1) development of a parametric-based modeling framework, (2) creation of a database of heat rejection technologies, surface elements, and environmental conditions for the Moon and Mars, and (3) execution of a quantitative analysis of various heat rejection technologies across different operating conditions and surface elements. The modeling framework is developed in Python and Excel to prioritize small model size and hence low computational cost to enable large parametric sweeps while avoiding the reliance on proprietary software. Individual heat rejection processes are represented as simple Excel models, and a centralized Python script interfaces with the models to coordinate the parametric study. These simple sizing models were developed to take heat load requirements and environmental parameters as inputs and compute mass, power, and volume as outputs. Rather than assess each heat rejection technology separately for each surface element, a unified parametric space was developed to evaluate all technologies across all elements. This parametric space includes factors related to heat load (e.g., magnitude or temperature) and environment (e.g., surface temperature, sky temperature, solar flux). This effort generated a database containing information on over 60 heat rejection technologies and 30 surface elements. For each surface element, the expected heat rejection requirements were documented and analyzed to determine the most common needs shared across all elements. Environmental conditions at various lunar and Martian latitudes were also established for worst-case hot and worst-case cold scenarios. High-fidelity heat rejection models are currently under development. Preliminary trades between heat rejection technologies including radiators, venting technologies, convective coolers, and more have been conducted to identify promising options. This presentation will summarize the preliminary trade results and provide an overview and discussion of the expected heat loads and thermal environments for sustained surface operations on the Moon and Mars.

Heat Rejection↗
NASA NTRS1984

Agribusiness and space: No limits to growth

Technological developments responding to world food needs are examined. It is noted that agribusiness technology has become more space-related in recent years. Although crops forecasting and improvements in yield (the green revolution) were developed prior to the space era, it would be unthinkable today to ignore the contributions of operational meteorological and communications satellites and experimental Earth observation satellites in agribusiness. Space-driven communications now permit national agribusiness database management networks, with a significant portion of the data being space-derived. In demonstration experiments, space communications were shown to improve those aspects of the food problem related to education and communications.

Montgomery, O. L.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Carbon Storage Open Database

The Carbon Storage Open Database is a collection of spatial data obtained from publicly available sources published by several NATCARB Partnerships and other organizations. The carbon storage open database was collected from open-source data on ArcREST servers and websites in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022. The original database was published on the former GeoCube, which is now EDX Spatial, in July 2020, and has since been updated with additional data resources from the Energy Data eXchange (EDX) and external public data resources. The shapefile geodatabase is available in total, and has also been split up into multiple databases based on the maps produced for EDX spatial. These are topical map categories that describe the type of data, and sometimes the region for which the data relates. The data is separated in case there is only a specific area or data type that is of interest for download. In addition to the geodatabases, this submission contains: 1. A ReadMe file describing the processing steps completed to collect and curate the data. 2. A data catalog of all feature layers within the database. Additional published resources are available that describe the work done to produce the geodatabase: Morkner, P., Bauer, J., Creason, C., Sabbatino, M., Wingo, P., Greenburg, R., Walker, S., Yeates, D., Rose, K. 2022. Distilling Data to Drive Carbon Storage Insights. Computers & Geosciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104945 Morkner, P., Bauer, J., Shay, J., Sabbatino, M., and Rose, K. An Updated Carbon Storage Open Database - Geospatial Data Aggregation to Support Scaling -Up Carbon Capture and Storage. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1890730 Morkner, P., Rose, K., Bauer, J., Rowan, C., Barkhurst, A., Baker, D.V., Sabbatino, M., Bean, A., Creason, C.G., Wingo, P., and Greenburg, R. Tools for Data Collection, Curation, and Discovery to Support Carbon Sequestration Insights. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1777195 Disclaimer: This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, in part, through a site support contract. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor the support contractor, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

carbon storage↗
NASA NTRS2018

Prediction of Solar Energetic Particle Event Peak Proton Intensity Using a Simple Algorithm Based on CME Speed and Direction and Observations of Associated Solar Phenomena

We assess whether a formula obtained by Richardson et al. (2014,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0524-8) relating the peak intensity of 14- to 24-MeV protons in a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at 1 AU to the solar event location and the speed of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) may be used in a scheme to predict the intensity of an SEP event at any location at this heliocentric distance. Starting with all 334 CMEs in the CCMC/SWRC DONKI database in October 2011 to July 2012, we use the CME speed and direction to predict the proton intensity at Earth and the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft using this formula. Since most (85%)of these CMEs were not in fact associated with SEP events, many SEP events are predicted that are not actually observed. Such cases may be reduced by considering whether type II or type III radio emissions accompany the CMEs, or by selecting faster, wider CMEs. This method is also applied to predict the SEP intensities associated with 1,100 CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph during 1997-2006 in solar cycle 23. Various skill scores are calculated, which assess different aspects of the skill of the SEP predictions. We conclude that the Richardson et al. (2014) formula has potential as a simple empirical SEP intensity prediction tool.

coronal mass ejections↗
NASA NTRS1993

Bibliography on propulsion airframe integration technologies for high-speed civil transport applications, 1980-1991

NASA has initiated the High Speed Research (HSR) program with the goal to develop technologies for a new generation, economically viable, environmentally acceptable, supersonic transport (SST) called the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). A significant part of this effort is expected to be in multidisciplinary systems integration, such as in propulsion airframe integration (PAI). In order to assimilate the knowledge database on PAI for SST type aircraft, a bibliography on this subject was compiled. The bibliography with over 1200 entries, full abstracts, and indexes. Related topics are also covered, such as the following: engine inlets, engine cycles, nozzles, existing supersonic cruise aircraft, noise issues, computational fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and external interference. All identified documents from 1980 through early 1991 are included; this covers the latter part of the NASA Supersonic Cruise Research (SCR) program and the beginnings of the HSR program. In addition, some pre-1980 documents of significant merit or reference value are also included. The references were retrieved via a computerized literature search using the NASA RECON database system.

Anderson, David J.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Thermal N+ in the Inner Magnetosphere

There has been much interest in O+ in the magnetosphere since it was first reported by Shelley et al. [1971]. However, relatively little has been done with N+ even though it is the second most abundant ion in the ionosphere at the F2 peak. What observations there are show that there is a large range in the magnitude of the ratio of the N+ density to the O+ density, that N+ is a significant ion in the ionosphere, and that the concentration of this ion vanes with season, time of day, solar cycle, latitude, and geomagnetic conditions. Most observational studies have not been used with a large database, nor have they been of a statistical nature. We use the DE1 RIMS observations to survey where N+ is found, in what concentrations relative to O+, and how this concentration varies with changes in the solar input, season, and time of day. We also gauge our understanding of N+ in the ionosphere and plasmasphere by comparing model (FLIP) results with the observations.

Craven, P. D.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Introducing the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC): a resource combining PATRIC, IRD and ViPR

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) established the Bioinformatics Resource Center (BRC) program to assist researchers with analyzing the growing body of genome sequence and other omics-related data. In this report, we describe the merger of the PAThosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC), the Influenza Research Database (IRD) and the Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR) BRCs to form the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) https://www.bv-brc.org/. The combined BV-BRC leverages the functionality of the bacterial and viral resources to provide a unified data model, enhanced web-based visualization and analysis tools, bioinformatics services, and a powerful suite of command line tools that benefit the bacterial and viral research communities.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

TIGER, A thermodynamics Equilibrium Tool for Explosives Update: Improved Solver

The thermodynamic equilibrium code known as TIGER has been in use since the 1970s and is designed to calculate the performance of energetic materials during detonation at high temperatures and pressures. The original TIGER code utilized a limited database consisting of 12 gaseous and 3 condensed constituents, which were composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and aluminum (Al). In contrast, the more modern JCZS3 database features a significantly larger dataset, including 756 gaseous species, 189 positive and negative ions, and 496 condensed constituents derived from 62 different elements. While this expanded product species database allows for the exploration of a broader range of problems relevant to our laboratory, it also introduces challenges related to convergence, particularly when both liquid and solid species coexist under a vapor dome. In this work, we present an improved TIGER solution technique aimed at accurately determining the equilibrium state for systems that can produce a diverse array of products, including both solid and liquid condensed species. This report presents the status of the TIGER solver as of the end of FY25. Ongoing efforts are focused on enhancing the solver, and the report outlines several planned improvements. We anticipate that further developments will require additional documentation in the future.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

NukeLM: Pre-Trained and Fine-Tuned Language Models for the Nuclear and Energy Domains

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks (text classification, named entity recognition, etc.) have seen amazing improvements over the last few years. This is due to models such as BERT that achieve deep knowledge transfer by using a large pre-trained model, then fine-tuning the model on specific tasks. The BERT architecture has shown even better performance on domain-specific tasks when the model is pre-trained using domain-relevant texts. Here, inspired by these recent advancements, we have developed NukeLM, a nuclear-domain BERT model pre-trained on 1.5 million abstracts from the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) database. This NukeLM model is then fine-tuned for the classification of research articles into either binary classes (related to the nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) or not) or multiple categories related to the subject of the article. We show that continued pre-training of a BERT-style architecture prior to fine-tuning results in greater performance in both article classification tasks. This information is critical for properly triaging manuscripts, a necessary task for better understanding citation networks that publish in the nuclear space and uncovering new areas of research in the nuclear (or nuclear relevant) domain.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1989

Incorporation of a progressive failure analysis method in the CSM testbed software system

Analysis of the postbuckling behavior of composite shell structures pose many difficult and challenging problems in the field of structural mechanics. Current analysis methods perform well for most cases in predicting the postbuckling response of undamaged components. To predict component behavior accurately at higher load levels, the analysis must include the effects of local material failures. The CSM testbed software system is a highly modular structural analysis system currently under development at Langley Research Center. One of the primary goals of the CSM testbed is to provide a software environment for the development of advanced structural analysis methods and modern numerical methods which will exploit advanced computer architecture such as parallel-vector processors. Development of a progressive failure analysis method consists of the design and implementation of a processor which will perform the ply-level progressive failure analysis and the development of a geometrically nonlinear analysis procedure which incorporates the progressive failure processor. Regarding the development of the progressive failure processor, two components are required: failure criteria and a degradation model. For the initial implementation, the failure criteria of Hashin will be used. For a matrix failure which typically indicates the development of transverse matrix cracks, the ply properties will be degraded. Work to date includes the design of the progressive failure analysis processor and initial plans for the controlling geometrically nonlinear analysis procedure. The implementation of the progressive failure analysis has begun. Access to the model database and the Hashin failure criteria are completed. Work is in progress on the input/output operations for the processor related data and the finite element model updating procedures. In total the progressive failure processor is approximately one-third complete.

Arenburg, Robert T.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Development of a Pressure-Fed Rocket Engine Using Hydrogen Peroxide and JP-8

A pressure-fed rocket engine using hydrogen peroxide and JP-8 was designed and demonstrated for upper stage space transportation applications. The engine utilizes silver plated screen catalyst to decompose 85% hydrogen peroxide (by weight). The decomposed high-temperature gas causes the JP-8 to auto-ignite and undergo chemical reaction. An ablative chamber using silica phenolic was used as the combustion chamber. The present effort includes catalyst development, injector evaluation, and chamber char and erosion characterization. Wagonwheel-type distribution and support plates were used in the catalyst bed design to reduce pressure drop, to increase active area, and to avoid flow channeling. Various fuel injection and mixing approaches were investigated and the combustion efficiency was in the range from 89 to 98%, depending on injector design and operating conditions. Fuel film cooling, up to 40% of the total fuel flow, was found to be ineffective with the current engine configuration. A ring injector was selected because of the satisfactory performance and its low cost. The char and erosion rates were determined through hot-fire tests. The char depth was found to be a function of axial distance, which was related to the progress of chemical reaction. Correlation of the char and erosion rates was developed as a design database for future applications,

Wu, P.-K.↗