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At least 613 records · Page 34

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NASA NTRS1978

Sensor needs for agricultural applications

The peculiarities of agricultural remotely sensed data requirements evoke special sensor requirements. Vegetative species do not possess significantly different spectral signature at given phases of their development cycle. Hence, the key to their discriminability is the phasing of the phenologic cycle of the subject species. Significant improvements in classification can be obtained by consistently employing multi-temporal observations taken at specific times during the year. The present approach to agricultural data processing results in extracted data equal to approximately .05% of the acquired data. This paper discusses the derivation of agricultural peculiar requirements and the benefits to the end-to-end processing system by judicial utilization and placement of key editing functions such as sample segment extraction, cloudy image removal, sample registration and the elimination of redundant data.

Golden, H.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Impact of advanced onboard processing concepts on end-to-end data system

An investigation is conducted of the impact of advanced onboard data handling concepts on the total system in general and on ground processing operations, such as those being performed in the central data processing facility of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. In one of these concepts, known as the instrument telemetry packet (ITP) system, telemetry data from a single instrument is encoded into a packet, along with other ancillary data, and transmitted in this form to the ground. Another concept deals with onboard temporal registration of image data from such sensors as the thematic mapper, to be carried onboard the Landsat-D spacecraft in 1981. It is found that the implementation of the considered concepts will result in substantial simplification of the ground processing element of the system. With the projected tenfold increase in the data volume expected in the next decade, the introduction of ITP should keep the cost of the ground data processing function within reasonable bounds and significantly contribute to a more timely delivery of data/information to the end user.

Sos, J. Y.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A cloud physics radiometer

The paper describes the design features and capabilities of a seven-channel cloud physics radiometer (CPR) for remote sensing of cloud properties. The CPR channel characteristics and functions are tabulated and diagrammed. Each of the first three channels utilizes a photo-multipler detector, with the high-voltage power supply integrated with the tube into a single unit. In operation a heater is used to keep the optics temperature at or above 273 K and this temperature is constantly monitored. The last four channel detectors and filters are all cooled to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The inclined scanning mirror rotates at a rate of 3.48 rps. Registration pulses are triggered and recorded as the mirror enters and leaves the + or -45 deg earth observation region. The ice-cloud, water cloud, snow discriminator detector has worked quite well in general. Interesting radiometer data have been obtained and their analysis is under way. The combination of the CPR and the Cloud Lidar System will make possible sophisticated remote sensing cloud studies.

Kyle, H. L.↗

NASA NTRS1979

The TIROS-N high resolution infrared radiation sounder

The high-resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS/2) was developed and flown on the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite, N Series (TIROS-N) as one means of obtaining atmospheric vertical profile information. The HIRS/2 receives visible and infrared spectrum radiation through a single telescope and selects 20 narrow spectral channels by means of a rotating filter wheel. A passive radiant cooler provides an operating temperature of 106.7K for the HgCdTe and InSb detectors while the visible detector operates at instrument frame temperature. Low noise amplifiers and digital processing provide 13 bit data for spacecraft data multiplexing and transmission. The qualities of system performance that determine sounding capability are the dynamic range of data collection, the noise equivalent radiance of the system, the registration of the air columns sampled in each channel, and the ability to upgrade the calibration of the instrument to maintain the performance standard throughout life. The basic performance of the instrument in test is described. Early orbital information from the TIROS-N launched on October 13, 1978 are given and some observations on system quality are made.

Koenig, E. W.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Computer quantitation of coronary angiograms

A computer technique is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to automate the measurement of coronary stenosis. A Vanguard 35mm film transport is optically coupled to a Spatial Data System vidicon/digitizer which in turn is controlled by a DEC PDP 11/55 computer. Programs have been developed to track the edges of the arterial shadow, to locate normal and atherosclerotic vessel sections and to measure percent stenosis. Multiple frame analysis techniques are being investigated that involve on the one hand, averaging stenosis measurements from adjacent frames, and on the other hand, averaging adjacent frame images directly and then measuring stenosis from the averaged image. For the latter case, geometric transformations are used to force registration of vessel images whose spatial orientation changes.

Ledbetter, D. C.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Improvement of selected satellite applications through the use of microwave data

This paper describes an analysis of a data set in which satellite acquired microwave data (Seasat Synthetic Aperture Radar) have been registered with Landsat Multispectral Scanner data and the combined data processed using conventional multichannel spectral pattern recognition programs. Results of this analysis indicate that the combined data set offers improvement in surface classification that is significant to certain applications. A brief description of the registration procedure is given. The improvement in results rendered to selected resource management applications is discussed. The presented results are preliminary due to the short time that the satellite microwave data have been available; however, a more comprehensive analysis is in progress and will be completed during the coming year.

Mooneyhan, D. W.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Jig for assembling large composite panels

Layup of composite panels as large as 15 by 60 ft is greatly facilitated by simple mechanism. Jig consists of flat, detachable table, and curved laminating-plate joined by rack and pinion to insure accurate registration. Vacuum holds thin plastic film to laminating-plate. Preimpregnated composite sheet is applied to plate, which is then lowered face down onto table. Release of vacuum leaves layer and film and table. Film is peeled off, and steps are repeated for next layer of laminate.

Watts, J. T.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Cloud Top Scanning radiometer (CTS)

A scanning radiometer to be used for measuring cloud radiances in each of three spectral regions is described. Significant features incorporated in the Cloud Top Scanner design are: (1) flexibility and growth potential through use of easily replaceable modular detectors and filters; (2) full aperture, multilevel inflight calibration; (3) inherent channel registration through employment of a single shared field stop; and (4) radiometric sensitivity margin in a compact optical design through use of Honeywell developed (Hg,Cd)Te detectors and preamplifiers.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1979

Cartography: LACIE's spatial processor

The spatial processing needs of LACIE include the location of agricultural test sites, and the registration of ground truth to LANDSAT imagery. The technological aspects of LACIE cartographic support, the need for cartography in satellite crop surveys, and proposed improvements which would enhance support of future programs are discussed.

Rader, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1979

LACIE/ERIPS software system summary

The Earth resources interactive processing system (ERIPS) supports LACIE by classifying LANDSAT sensed data on the basis of the statistical similarity to those portions which were identified by analysts. The development and capabilities of the ERIPS software system are described with emphasis on (1) system requirements; (2) LACIE/ERIPS hardware; (3) system functions; (4) pattern recognition concept; and (5) LACIE/ERIPS data bases. Algorithms used in LACIE/ERIPS for statistics, divergence, feature selection, classification, registration, adaptive clustering, iterative clustering, clustering report functions, Sun angle correction, mean level adjustment, and bias correction are appended.

Johnson, C. L.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Orbit/attitude estimation for the GOES spacecraft using VAS landmark data

A software system is described which provides for batch least squares estimation of spacecraft orbit, attitude, and camera bias parameters using image data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). The image data are obtained by the Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS). The resulting estimated parameters are used for absolute image registration. Operating in the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-11/70 computer, the FORTRAN system also includes the capabilities of image display and manipulations. An overview of the system is presented as well as some numerical results obtained from observations taken by the SMS-2 satellite over a 3 day interval in August 1975.

Sielski, H.↗

NASA NTRS1980

The influence of topographic structures on night-time surface temperatures: Evaluation of a satellite thermal image of the upper Rhine plain and the surrounding highlands

The author has identified the following significant results. Satellite data supplied the same information as aerial IR registrations with corresponding averaging for all studies requiring a survey of the thermal pattern within an area measuring 10 km x 10 km ore more, provided that sufficiently precise control points could be established for the purpose of geometric rectification in the surroundings of the area observed. Satellite thermal data are more comprehensive than aircraft data for studies on a regional, rather than a local scale, since airborne images often obscure the basic correlation in thermal patterns because of a variety of irrelevant topographical detail. The satellite data demonstrate the dependence of surface temperature on relief more clearly than comparable airborne imagery.

Gossmann, H.↗

NASA NTRS1979

The simultaneous inference of stratospheric NO2-H2O and HNO3-CF2Cl2 using limb sounding radiometry

An inversion algorithm has been developed to simultaneously infer the concentrations of two gases with overlapping spectral signatures using limb emission measurements. The algorithm provides a solution in two or three iterations and has been tested in a simulation study for the inference of stratospheric NO2-H2O and HNO3-CF2Cl2. Existing satellite instrumentation was the basis for errors used in the calculations. These included noise, scale and bias errors, angular registration errors, spacecraft motion effects, and effects due to a finite instrument field of view. It is estimated that concentrations of all four gases can be measured globally from a satellite with errors of less than 20%.

Russell, J. M., III↗

NASA NTRS1980

Impact of Saturn ring particles on Pioneer 11

The detection of particles near the rings of Saturn by the meteoroid detection instrument on board Pioneer 11 is discussed. The instrument consists of 234 penetration detectors, distributed between two independent data channels each of which is designed to become inhibited for a period of 77 min after the registration of a penetration event in that channel. At least four particles penetrated the detectors in the 4.5 h period around Saturn periapsis at radial distances between 1.36 and 3.1 Saturn radii, a radial distribution inconsistent with the gravitational focusing of meteoroids. The detection of particles which may have been part of the E ring before the crossing of the ring plane suggests that this ring may be 1800 km thick, with an optical thickness greater than 10 to the -8th.

Humes, D. H.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Integration of Landsat, Seasat, and other geo-data sources

The paper discusses integration of Landsat, Seasat, and other geographic information sources. Mosaicking of radar data and registration of radar to Landsat digital imagery are described, and six types of geophysical data, including gravity and magnetic measurements, are integrated and analyzed using image processing techniques.

Zobrist, A. L.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Solar-Cell String Conveyor

String-conveyor portion of solar-array assembly line holds silicon solar cells while assembled into strings and tested. Cells are transported collector-side-down, while uniform cell spacing and registration are maintained. Microprocessor on machine controls indexing of cells.

Frasch, W.↗

NASA NTRS1979

A method for the processing and analysis of digital terrain elevation data

A method is presented for the processing and analysis of digital topography data that can subsequently be entered in an interactive data base in the form of slope, slope length, elevation, and aspect angle. A discussion of the data source and specific descriptions of the data processing software programs are included. In addition, the mathematical considerations involved in the registration of raw digitized coordinate points to the UTM coordinate system are presented. Scale factor considerations are also included. Results of the processing and analysis are illustrated using the Shiprock and Gallup Quadrangle test data.

Junkin, B. G.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Method of determination of the mass composition of ring current ions

A method for individual registration of protons, and helium and oxygen ions, with energies E for a charge on the order of 100 kev/q in the ring currents of the Earth's magnetosphere was examined. The method is based on the various specific losses in energy by these ions in matter. The ion current, selected according to E/q, is passed through a solid target, after which identification of the masses is carried out, based on the energy losses in the possibly to reliably divide the flows of protons, and helium and oxygen ions.

Temnyy, V. V.↗