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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 613 records · Page 34
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

An electromotive force series in a borosilicate glass-forming melt

An electromotive force series for redox couples was defined as a function of oxygen fugacity in a borosilicate melt at 1150 C. The resulting order of relative reduction potentials can be used to estimate the amounts of redox species in glass during processing. The electromotive force series in this melt is comparable to those in other silicate glass-forming melts and in aqueous systems but differs in detail because of interaction of the solvents with individual redox couples.

Schreiber, H. D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Modification of epoxy-reinforced glass-cloth composites with a perfluorinated alkyl ether elastomer

A perfluorinated alkyl ether diacyl fluoride prepolymer (molecular weight about 1500) was coreacted with Epon 828 epoxy resin and diamino diphenyl sulfone to obtain an elastomer-toughened, glass-cloth composite. Improvements in flexural toughness, impact resistance, and water resistance, without loss of strength, modulus of elasticity or a lowering of the glass-transition temperature, were realized over those of the unmodified composite. Factors concerning optimization of the process are discussed. Results suggest that a simultaneously interpenetrating polymer network may be formed which gives rise to a measured improvement in composite mechanical properties.

Rosser, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Formation of bulk metallic glass by fluxing

Bulk specimens (0.4-4 g mass) of the alloy Pd40Ni40P20 have been undercooled consistently to the glass state, with no detectable superficial crystallinity, in a molten flux of dehydrated boron oxide. The minimum dimension of the most massive glass specimen, so formed, was 1.0 cm. The absence of crystallinity in the specimens was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and calorimetry.

Kui, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Deuteron NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) in relation to the glass transition in polymers

H-2NMR is introduced as a tool for investigating slow molecular motion in the glass transition region of amorphous polymers. In particular, we compare H-2 spin alignment echo spectra of chain deuterated polystyrene with model calculations for restricted rotational Brownian motion. Molecular motion in the polyztyrene-toluene system has been investigated by analyzing H-2NMR of partially deuterated polystyrene and toluene, respectively. The diluent mobility in the mixed glass has been decomposed into solid and liquid components where the respective average correlation times differ by more than 5 decades.

Roessler, E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Experimental studies of glass refining

The basic components of the experimental apparatus were selected and acquired. Techniques were developed for the fabrication of the special crucibles necessary for the experiments. Arrangements were made for the analysis of glass and gas bubble samples for composition information. Donations of major equipment were received for this project from Owens, Illinois where a similar study had been conducted a few year ago. Decisions were made regarding the actual glass composition to be used, the gas to be used in the first experiments, and the temperatures at which the experiments should be conducted. A microcomputer was acquired, and work was begun on interfacing the video analyzer to it.

Subramanian, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Homogeneous versus heterogeneous crystal nucleation in Li2O-2SiO2 glass

When analyzing crystal nucleation in glasses, it is difficult to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. A method is proposed to investigate the nature of crystal nucleation in Li2O-2SiO2, and calculations are performed to determine under which conditions saturation effects help ascertain the nature of the nucleation. The capability of detecting impurity particles in unheated glass via standard micrographic techniques (SEM or REM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is explored. Results indicate that if the maximum impurity particle densities do not exceed 2 x 10 to the 7th per cu cm then heterogeneous nucleation may be excluded and most impurity particles with densities in excess of 10 to the 10th per cu cm are detectable by SAXS. It is concluded that crystal nucleation in this system most probably occurs homogeneously.

Weinberg, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The preparation and characterization of a lithium borate glass prepared by the gel technique

The preparation of an amorphous lithium borate gel by the metal organic procedure is described. In addition, a preliminary evaluation of the behavior of the gel upon heating is given. In particular the crystallization tendency of the gel is studied with the aid of DTA and X-ray diffraction, and the structural changes in the gel are monitored with the aid of IR spectroscopy. The glass produced from the lithium borate gel is compared to both the gel precursor material and a glass of similar composition prepared by conventional techniques. Specifically, the relevant water contents, crystallization behavior, and structural features are contrasted.

Weinberg, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

New Alloy for Glass-to-Metal Seals

Coefficient of thermal expansion approximates that of glass more closely. Alloy composed of about 60 percent iron, 40 percent nickel, and traces of six other elements. Developed as replacement for Kovar Fe/Ni/Co alloy in ferrule-and-tube assembly, new alloy has same strength, solderability, and compatibility with fuel as does Kovar. Used in glass-to-metal seals without excessive residual stresses. Potential for other applications in which low thermal expansion important; mechanical measuring devices and precise sliding parts that must function over wide temperature ranges.

Schmuck, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Physical Phenomena in Containerless Glass Processing

An investigation into the various physical phenomena of importance in the space experiments is under way. Theoretical models of thermocapillary flow in drops, thermal migration of bubbles and droplets, the motion of bubbles inside drops, and the migration of bubbles in rotating liquid bodies are being developed. Experiments were conducted on the migration of bubbles and droplets to the axis of a rotating liquid body, and the rise of bubbles in molten glass. Also, experiments on thermocapillary motion in silicone oils as well as glass melts were performed. Experiments are currently being conducted on the migration of bubbles in a thermal gradient, and on their motion inside unconstrained liquid drops in a rotating liquid.

Subramanian, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The number of stable points of an infinite-range spin glass memory

A rigorous asymptotic expression for the number of stable points of an infinite-range spin glass with independently identically distributed (i.i.d) zero-mean gaussian exchange interactions is discussed. The result also applies tot he number of stable points of a Hopfield Memory (a kind of associative memory) when the memory connections are i.i.d. zero-mean gaussians. The result is that the number of stable points is asymptotic to a constant slightly larger than 1 times 2 to a power slightly larger thann/4, where n is the number of spins in the glass, or the length of the n-tuples to be remembered by the memory. The answer is easily derived using simple asymptotic techniques from an exact expression for the probability that an arbitrary plus or minus 1 n-tuple of spins is a fixed point. This expression is obtained from the fact that any distribution of joint zero-mean gaussians of given covariances is specified solely by these covariances. This is a far shorter derivation of the result than those existing.

Posner, E. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A method for developing design diagrams for ceramic and glass materials using fatigue data

The service lifetime of glass and ceramic materials can be expressed as a plot of time-to-failure versus applied stress whose plot is parametric in percent probability of failure. This type of plot is called a design diagram. Confidence interval estimates for such plots depend on the type of test that is used to generate the data, on assumptions made concerning the statistical distribution of the test results, and on the type of analysis used. This report outlines the development of design diagrams for glass and ceramic materials in engineering terms using static or dynamic fatigue tests, assuming either no particular statistical distribution of test results or a Weibull distribution and using either median value or homologous ratio analysis of the test results.

Heslin, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Glass mirrors for space telescopes

The Hubble Space Telescope uses a primary mirror having an area of 5 sq m. The mirrors needed for two possible future telescopes, 50 sq m and 500 sq m in area, are considered. The former would be an 8-m diameter monolithic mirror of 'zero-expansion' glass, and would be diffraction-limited at optical wavelengths (0.015 arcsecond images). The 500 sq m mirror, the area proposed for the Large Deployable Reflector, would be diffraction-limited down to 30-micron wavelength (0.3 arcsecond images). Both types of mirror could be of honeycomb sandwich construction made by a new 'air inflation' method. The larger reflector would consist of ultralightweight glass panels.

Angel, J. R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Hugoniot equation of state of anorthite glass and lunar anorthosite

Twenty-one Hugoniot experiments were conducted on an amorphous material of anorthite composition, in the pressure range 8-120 GPa, using both routine and new methods. Two Hugoniot measurements at about 120 GPa were made on lunar gabbroic anorthosite (Apollo 15,418). Theoretical Hugoniots are constructed for both materials assuming they are disproportionate to their component oxides. These accurately predict the P-p behavior of the lunar anorthosite Hugoniot at 120 GPa and the anorthite glass Hugoniot above 50 GPa, but overestimate the shock temperatures of anorthite glass. The mixed oxide model fails to predict the release paths of either material. It is concluded that the mixed oxide model is a good description of the bulk properties of the high-pressure phases of anorthite, but does not represent the actual phases. A significant enrichment of calcic refractory material in the earth's lower mantle is not precluded by the bulk properties of the anorthite high-pressure phases.

Boslough, M. B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Glass-to-Metal Seal Against Liquid Helium

Simple compression joint with indium gasket forms demountable seal for superfluids. Seal developed for metal lid on glass jar used in experiments on liquid helium. Glass container allows contents to be viewed for such purposes as calibration of liquid-level detectors and adjustments of displacement plungers. Seal contains liquid helium even when temperature drops below 2.19K. Made from inexpensive, commercially available materials and parts.

Watkins, John L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Effect of OH content on phase separation behavior of soda-silica glasses

The kinetics of phase separation in a gel and ordinary soda-silica glass are followed by use of small angle X-ray scattering. Also, the influence of OH on the phase separation behavior is studied. It is found that OH accelerates the growth of the secondary phase, and that gel and ordinary glasses of similar composition and OH concentration exhibit similar phase separation characteristics.

Neilson, G. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Chaotic nature of the spin-glass phase

The microscopic structure of the ordered phase of spin glasses is investigated theoretically in the framework of the T = 0 fixed-point model (McMillan, 1984; Fisher and Huse, 1986; and Bray and Moore, 1986). The sensitivity of the ground state to changes in the interaction strengths at T = 0 is explored, and it is found that for sufficiently large length scales the ground state is unstable against arbitrarily weak perturbations to the bonds. Explicit results are derived for d = 1, and the implications for d = 2 and d = 3 are considered in detail. It is concluded that there is no hidden order pattern for spin glasses at all T less than T(C), the ordered-phase spin correlations being chaotic functions of spin separation at fixed temperature or of temperature (for a given pair of spins) at scale lengths L greater than (T delta T) exp -1/zeta, where zeta = d(s)/2 - y, d(s) is the interfacial fractal dimension, and -y is the thermal eigenvalue at T = 0.

Bray, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Mean-field theory of spin-glasses with finite coordination number

The mean-field theory of dilute spin-glasses is studied in the limit where the average coordination number is finite. The zero-temperature phase diagram is calculated and the relationship between the spin-glass phase and the percolation transition is discussed. The present formalism is applicable also to graph optimization problems.

Kanter, I.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Qualification of S-glass/epoxy thermal isolator bands

Unidirectional fiberglass reinforced epoxy structures have been evaluated as thermal isolator tension straps for the charge-coupled devices on the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field/Planetary Camera. Mechanical and thermal properties are reported for filament-wound S-2 glass in a generic epoxy resin and compared to S-901 glass bands used on a previous camera. Measurements were performed on very small paper clip-shaped bands. Probably the smallest in length and have a load carrying mean cross sectional area of only 0.00024 square inches.

Bauer, Jerry↗