Filter applications for spacecraft sterilization program
Applications of air filtration methods of bacteria removal from air to spacecraft sterilization program
SPACECRAFT STERILIZATION↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Some excretory products of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Dialyzable and nondialyzable Chlorella pyrenoidosa culture filtrates analyzed to identify excretory products
Brown, H. E.↗
Characterization of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus thioparus and Thiobacillus neapolitanus.
Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase activity in chemosynthetic autotrophs Thiobacillus thioparus and Thiobacillus neapolitanus, noting sedimentation and gel filtration characteristics
Johnson, E. J.↗
High bay clean rooms.
High bay clean room design with laminar air flow, discussing air filtration, sound attenuation, construction, illumination, etc
Little, J. C.↗
Progress report on recent improvements in the analysis of surface wave observations.
Digital analysis of surface wave observations, discussing moving window, multiple filter, multicomponent recording, time variable filtration and cross correlation techniques
Asano, S.↗
Atmospheric collection of debris from the Revelstoke and Allende fireballs
Fireballs atmospheric debris collection by high altitude filtration, describing analysis results
Carr, M. H.↗
High pressure gas filter system Patent
Developing high pressure gas purification and filtration system for use in test operations of space vehicles
Hauser, J. A.↗
Fluid technology /selected components, devices, and systems/ A compilation
Fluid control, filtration, and calibrating equipment, computer programs, and data reduction techniques - technology utilization
Source record↗
Assessment of renal hemodynamic factors in whole kidney glomerulotubular balance
Renal hemodynamic factors in whole kidney glomerulotubular balance in anesthetized dogs by manipulating filtration rate through constriction of aorta, thoracic vena cava, etc
Daugharty, T. M.↗
Mechanism of antidiuretic action of chlorpropamide in the mammalian kidney
Antidiuretic action of chlorpropamide in mammalian kidney, considering intrarenal infusions effect on urinary concentration, free water clearance, glomerular filtration and sodium excretion
Earley, L. E.↗
Insolubilized enzymes for food synthesis
Cellulose matrix with numerous enzyme-coated silica particles of colloidal size permanently bound at various sites within matrix was produced that has high activity and possesses requisite physical characteristics for filtration or column operations. Product also allows coupling step in synthesis of edible food to proceed under mild conditions.
Marshall, D. L.↗
Enzyme activity in terrestrial soil in relation to exploration of the Martian surface
Urease activity in soil is persistent for long periods under low water, low temperature, and sterile regimes, and it was suggested that some form of enzyme-protective mechanism exists in soil. Dublin soil was extracted by sonication in water followed by adding a mixture of salts. Urease activity is associated with the organo-mineral complex thus obtained and is resistant to the activities of proteolytic enzymes. Clay free soil organic matter prepared subsequently by filtration also exhibits urease activity which is resistant to proteolysis. Models consisting of enzymes with bentonite and lignin were found to mimic this resistance to proteolysis. A model system is presented which suggests both the origin and location of soil ureases and a reason for their persistence in nature.
Ardakani, M. S.↗
Vacuum distillation: vapor filtered-catalytic oxidation water reclamation system utilizing radioisotopes
The development of a functional model water reclamation system is discussed. The system produces potable water by distillation from the urine and respiration-perspiration condensate at the normal rate generated by four men. Basic processes employed are vacuum distillation, vapor filtration, vapor phase catalytic oxidation, and condensation. The system is designed to use four 75-watt isotope heaters for distillation thermal input, and one 45-watt isotope for the catalytic oxidation unit. The system is capable of collecting and storing urine, and provides for stabilizing the urine by chemical pretreatment. The functional model system is designed for operation in a weightless condition with liquid-vapor phase separators for the evaporator still, and centrifugal separators for urine collection and vapor condensation. The system provides for storing and dispensing reclaimed potable water. The system operates in a batch mode for 40 days, with urine residues accumulating in the evaporator. The evaporator still and residue are removed to storage and replaced with a fresh still for the next 40-day period.
Honegger, R. J.↗
Development of a tape transport bacterial detection system
The feasibility of a tape transport chemiluminescence system for bacterial monitoring of regenerated water was demonstrated using a manually operated laboratory breadboard. The principle of detection is based on measuring the increase in chemiluminescence produced by the catalytic action of bacterial porphyrins on a luminol-hydrogen peroxide mixture. Viable organisms are distinguished from nonviable by comparing the signals of incubated and unincubated water samples. Using optimized protocols, sensitivities were obtained with 400 ml suspensions of E. coli and Cl. sporogenes. The sensitivity of the unincubated cycle E. coli (aerobe) was found to be 30 to 35 cells/m1, and that of the Cl. sporogenes (anaerobe) was 1000 to 10,000 cells/m1. The lower sensitivity toward Cl. sporogenes is attributed to several factors, namely the lower cytochrome content, the tendency to sporulate, long lag periods and the lower growth rate of Clostridia in general. The operational procedures used for processing the incubated and unincubated samples involved the following sequence: (1) concentrating the sample by filtration through a membrane filter, (2) washing with Dextrose-Thioglycollate Broth (3) incubating (0 to 4 hrs as required), (4) washing with 4M Urea, and (5) reacting with reagent in front of a photomultiplier tube. The signal output was recorded on a strip chart recorder.
Witz, S.↗
Apollo experience report: Processing of lunar samples in a sterile nitrogen atmosphere
A sterile nitrogen atmosphere processing cabinet line was installed in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory to process returned lunar samples with minimum organic contamination. Design and operation of the cabinet line were complicated by the requirement for biological sterilization and isolation, which necessitated extensive filtration, leak-checking, and system sterilization before use. Industrial techniques were applied to lunar sample processing to meet requirements for time-critical experiments while handling a large flow of samples.
Mcpherson, T. M.↗
Parathyroid hormone - Secretion and metabolism in vivo.
Gel filtration and radioimmunoassay were used to determine the molecular size and immunochemical reactivity of parathyroid hormone present in gland extracts, in the general peripheral circulation, and in parathyroid effluent blood from patients with hyperparathyroidism, as well as from calves and from cattle. It was found that parathyroid hormone secreted from the parathyroids in man and cattle is at least as large as the molecule extracted from normal bovine glands. However, once secreted into the circulation the hormone is cleaved, and one or more fragments, immunologically, dissimilar to the originally secreted hormone, constitute the dominant form of circulating immunoreactive hormone.
Habener, J. F.↗
Role of distal reabsorption and peritubular environment in glomerulotubular balance.
Total kidney glomerulotubular balance was examined during aortic constriction and release in saline-loaded dogs and in dogs undergoing water diuresis. Aortic constriction lowered the glomerular filtration rate by 45% in both groups, and glomerulotubular balance, as judged by changes in absolute sodium reabsorption, was also comparable. During water diuresis, a linear relationship was observed between free water clearance and urine flow during all maneuvers, suggesting that distal sodium reabsorption is related primarily to distal delivery. The results suggest that if alterations in the peritubular environment are responsible for the changes in tubular sodium reabsorption during aortic constriction in the saline- or water-loaded dog, then a change in renal plasma flow, and presumably delivery rate of oncotic force, may be the most likely mediator.
Schrier, R. W.↗
Domestic applications for aerospace waste and water management technologies
Some of the aerospace developments in solid waste disposal and water purification, which are applicable to specific domestic problems are explored. Also provided is an overview of the management techniques used in defining the need, in utilizing the available tools, and in synthesizing a solution. Specifically, several water recovery processes will be compared for domestic applicability. Examples are filtration, distillation, catalytic oxidation, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis. Solid disposal methods will be discussed, including chemical treatment, drying, incineration, and wet oxidation. The latest developments in reducing household water requirements and some concepts for reusing water will be outlined.
Disanto, F.↗