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There has been recent, significant, advances in the determination of the meson spectrum of QCD. Current efforts have focused on the development and application of finite-volume formalisms that allow for the determination of scattering amplitudes as well as resonance behavior in coupled channel systems. I will review some of these recent developments, and demonstrate the viability of the method in meson systems.
There has been recent, significant, advances in the determination of the meson spectrum of QCD. Current efforts have focused on the development and application of finite-volume formalisms that allow for the determination of scattering amplitudes as well as resonance behavior in coupled channel systems. I will review some of these recent developments, and demonstrate the viability of the method in meson systems
We study the three $D_s$ quantum channels $J^P = 0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$ where experiments have identified the charm-strange states $D^*_{s0} (2317)$, $D_{s1}(2460)$, $D_{s1}(2536)$ near the $DK$ and $D^*K$ thresholds, and $D^*_{s2}(2573)$. We consider correlation functions for sets of $\overline q q$ operators and, for $J^P = 0^+$, $1^+$, also the $DK$ and $D^*K$ meson-meson interpolators and determine for these cases values of the elastic scattering amplitude. Constructing the full set of correlators requires propagators which connect any pair of lattice sites. For one ensemble of gauge configurations ($32^3\times 64$, $m_\pi\approx 156$ MeV) a stochastic distillation variant is employed and for another ensemble ($16^3\times 32$, $m_\pi\approx 266$ MeV) we use the full distillation method. Both, $D^*_{s0} (2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$, are found as bound states below threshold, whereas $D_{s1}(2536)$, and $D^*_{s2}(2573)$ are identified as narrow resonances close to the experimental masses.
Neutrino interaction uncertainties are a limiting factor in current and next-generation experiments probing the fundamental physics of neutrinos, a unique window on physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrino-nucleon scattering amplitudes are an important part of the neutrino interaction program. However, since all modern neutrino detectors are composed primarily of heavy nuclei, knowledge of elementary neutrino-nucleon amplitudes relies heavily on experiments performed in the 1970s and 1980s, whose statistical and systematic precision are insufficient for current needs. In this white paper, we outline the motivation for attempting measurements on hydrogen and deuterium that would improve this knowledge, and we discuss options for making these measurements either with the DUNE near detector or with a dedicated facility.
Excited-state effects lead to hard-to-quantify systematic uncertainties in lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) spectroscopy calculations when computationally accessible imaginary times are smaller than inverse excitation gaps, as often arises for multi-hadron systems with signal-to-noise problems. Lanczos residual bounds address this by providing two-sided constraints on energies that do not require assumptions beyond Hermiticity, but often give very conservative systematic uncertainty estimates. Here, a more-constraining set of gap bounds is introduced for hadron spectroscopy. These bounds provide tighter constraints whose validity requires an explicit assumption about an energy gap. Exactly solvable lattice field theory correlators are used to test the utility of residual and gap bounds at finite and infinite statistics. Two-sided bounds and other analysis methods are then applied to a high-statistics LQCD calculation of nucleon-nucleon scattering at $m_π\sim 800$ MeV. Generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP) and Lanczos energy estimators are compatible when applied to the same correlator data, but analyses including different interpolating operators show statistically significant inconsistencies. However, two-sided bounds from all operators are consistent. Under the assumption that the number of energy levels below $NΔ$ and $ΔΔ$ thresholds is the same as for non-interacting nucleons, gap bounds are sufficient to constrain nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes at phenomenologically relevant precision. Lanczos methods further reveal that energy-eigenstate estimates from previously studied asymmetric correlators have not converged over accessible imaginary times. Nevertheless, data-driven examples demonstrate why assumptions are required to draw conclusions about the natures of two-nucleon ground states at these masses.
Understanding neutrino-nucleus interactions is critical for conducting precise neutrino oscillation ex- periments. However, uncertainties in neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements and our incomplete understanding of nuclear effects remain a significant challenge in neutrino physics. In this paper, we investigate contributions from quantum interference between one-body and two-body interactions in charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) neutrino scattering amplitudes, using the ACHILLES event gen- erator. Simulations are performed using muon neutrino flux from Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), as well as Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) flux. We observe the neutrino flux interact- ing with Argon nuclei as detected by the Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) and DUNE Near Detector (DUNE-ND), both Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPC). We focus on one muon and one proton final states with cascade interactions. We analyze multiple experimental observables including outgoing kinematic variables, energy-momentum transfer variables, and Transverse Kinematic Imbalance (TKI) variables. In this study, we also investigate the effects of PRISM (a method of sampling flux from multiple off-axis angles which creates different neutrino energy spectra). We find that the ratio of in- terference to quasi-elastic contributions gives a non-flat distribution across a 0-3.5 GeV energy range, indicating that effects of interference vary with the neutrino energy sampled. Our ultimate goal is to reduce systematic uncertainties from neutrino interactions when conducting oscillation experiments by working to disentangle the effects of quantum interference from the quasi-elastic signature.
Information on the interaction potential contained in the undulations in the energy dependence of the total scattering cross section is deduced by measuring the undulation amplitude. The amplitude is interpreted with emphasis on features that are independent of any specific assumptions about the form of the interaction potential. It is shown that the previously measured spacings of the undulations describe the area of the potential well, whereas the amplitudes provide a measure of the force in the vicinity of the distance of closest approach. This information can be used to test proposed potential models and to suggest ways of improving inadequate models; if the predicted spacing is too large, then the area of the well of the model is too small, and if the predicted amplitude is too small, then the repulsive wall of the potential is too steep.
A portable optical particle spectrometer (POPS) has recently been acquired by the United Kingdom Meteorological (UK Met) Office with the intention of mounting it on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for atmospheric aerosol research. Before conducting research with the new instrument, an intercomparison has been conducted to test the performance of the POPS against a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) — a veteran and well-characterized particle sizer. As part of the Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation Interactions and Forcing (CLARIFY) campaign, the POPS was installed at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility mobile site on Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, alongside an ARM-operated SMPS. Both instruments sampled continuously from 20 August to 9 September, 2017. The SMPS and the POPS were connected to a common aerosol inlet; however, in the case of the SMPS, the sample air was dried before it entered the instrument. The POPS is a miniaturized optical particle counter designed specifically for use in balloon and UAV applications. The instrument is fully described in Goa et al. (2016) and so is only briefly described here. The POPS samples particles by drawing air through an inlet tube into an optical chamber, where it is illuminated by a 405nm laser. A sheath air flow is used to focus the sample air into the center of the laser beam, and the sample flow is maintained at a near-constant rate by an onboard pump. Side-scattered laser light is reflected into a photomultiplier tube by a hemispherical mirror, and the signal amplitude recorded by a data logger. Individual particle sizes are then inferred by comparing the recorded signal amplitudes to scattering amplitudes calculated using Mie theory. In common with other optical particle counters, the POPS size distributions are influenced by the refractive index used in the Mie calculations. The POPS is calibrated by the manufacturers (Handix Scientific) using latex spheres, with a refractive index (RI) of 1.615+0.001i. Sampling aerosols with a different refractive index, particularly if they are strongly absorbing, will result in significant uncertainties/errors in the particle size distributions (PSDs). We have therefore used scattering amplitude curves (calculated by Handix) for more absorbing aerosols, with an RI of 1.54+0.027i, which is expected to be more representative of the biomass-burning aerosol particles sampled at the ARM site during the CLARIFY campaign. In contrast to the POPS, the SMPS measures particle size using the differential mobility technique after applying an electrical charge to aerosol particles. The method is independent of the refractive index (Ruzer 2013).
Here we report ultrafast x-ray scattering experiments of the quasi-1D charge density wave (CDW) material (TaSe 4 ) 2 I following ultrafast infrared photoexcitation. From the time-dependent diffraction signal at the CDW sidebands we identify a 0.11 THz amplitude mode derived primarily from a transverse acoustic mode of the high-symmetry structure. From our measurements we determine that this mode interacts with the valence charge indirectly through another collective mode, and that the CDW system in (TaSe 4 ) 2 I has a composite nature supporting multiple dynamically active structural degrees of freedom.
The scattering of massless waves of helicity |$h$| = $0$, $\frac{1}{2}$, $1$ in Schwarzschild and Kerr backgrounds is revisited in the long-wavelength regime. Using a novel description of such backgrounds in terms of gravitating massive particles, we compute classical wave scattering in terms of 2 → 2 QFT amplitudes in flat space, to all orders in spin. The results are Newman-Penrose amplitudes which are in direct correspondence with solutions of the Regge-Wheeler/Teukolsky equation. By introducing a precise prescription for the point-particle limit, in Part I of this work we show how both agree for $h$ = 0 at finite values of the scattering angle and arbitrary spin orientation. Associated classical observables such as the scattering cross sections, wave polarizations and time delay are studied at all orders in spin. The effect of the spin of the black hole on the polarization and helicity of the waves is found in agreement with previous analysis at linear order in spin. In the particular limit of small scattering angle, we argue that wave scattering admits a universal, point-particle description determined by the eikonal approximation. We show how our results recover the scattering eikonal phase with spin up to second post-Minkowskian order, and match it to the effective action of null geodesics in a Kerr background. Using this correspondence we derive classical observables such as polar and equatorial scattering angles. This study serves as a preceding analysis to Part II, where the Gravitational Wave ($h$ = 2) case will be studied in detail.
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When an amplitude-stabilized He-Ne laser beam is scattered by a rotating ground glass with small surface inhomogeneities, the probability density of the instantaneous scattered-wave amplitude is Gaussian. In this paper, we suggest the use of the joint photon-count probability distribution to measure the absolute value of the electric-field amplitude-correlation function for random Gaussian light fields, and report the results of an experiment in which the Gaussian field is produced by scattering a light beam through a rotating ground glass. This procedure offers an alternative to other conventional methods, such as self-beating spectroscopy and irradiance-correlation techniques. The correlation time of the scattered-field amplitude in the present experiment has been measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.8%.
Motivated by the recent discovery of hidden zeros in particle and string amplitudes, we characterize zeros of individual graph contributions to the cosmological wavefunction of a scalar field theory. We demonstrate that these contributions factorize near these zeros for all tree graphs and provide evidence that this extends to loop graphs as well. We explicitly construct polytopal realizations of the relevant graph associahedra and show that the cosmological zeros have natural geometric and physical interpretations. As a byproduct, we establish an equivalence between the wavefunction coefficients of chain graphs and flat-space Tr(ϕ 3 ) amplitudes, enabling us to leverage the cosmological zeros to uncover the recently discovered hidden zeros of colored amplitudes.
Comparison of different phase-shift analyses of 40 mev proton-alpha elastic scattering and polarization data
Electromagnetic wave scattering and depolarization from rough surface, noting existence of surface current vector component pointing in direction of incident wave
Generalized potentials for medium energy inelastic nuclear scattering derived with projection operator method
We describe formal work that relates the nite-volume spectrum in a quantum eld theory to scattering and decay amplitudes. This is of particular relevance to numerical calculations performed using Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD). Correlators calculated using LQCD can only be determined on the Euclidean time axis. For this reason the standard method of determining scattering amplitudes via the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formula cannot be employed. By contrast, the nite-volume spectrum is directly accessible in LQCD calculations. Formalism for relating the spectrum to physical scattering observables is thus highly desirable. In this thesis we develop tools for extracting physical information from LQCD for four types of observables. First we analyze systems with multiple, strongly-coupled two-scalar channels. Here we accommodate both identical and nonidentical scalars, and in the latter case allow for degenerate as well as nondegenerate particle masses. Using relativistic eld theory, and summing to all orders in perturbation theory, we derive a result relating the nite-volume spectrum to the two-to-two scattering amplitudes of the coupled-channel theory. This generalizes the formalism of Martin L uscher for the case of single-channel scattering. Second we consider the weak decay of a single particle into multiple, coupled two-scalar channels. We show how the nite-volume matrix element extracted in LQCD is related to matrix elements of asymptotic two-particle states, and thus to decay amplitudes. This generalizes work by Laurent Lellouch and Martin L uscher. Third we extend the method for extracting matrix elements by considering currents which insert energy, momentum and angular momentum. This allows one to extract transition matrix elements and form factors from LQCD. Finally we look beyond two-particle systems to those with three-particles in asymptotic states. Working again to all orders in relativistic eld theory, we derive a relation between the spectrum and an in nite-volume three-to-three scattering quantity. This nal analysis is the most complicated of the four, because the all-orders summation is more di cult for this system, and also because a number of new technical issues arise in analyzing the contributing diagrams.