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At least 613 records · Page 34
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er3Mn3Ga2Ge by Materials Project

Er3Mn3GeGa2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mn, four equivalent Ga, and one Ge atom. There are two shorter (3.22 Å) and four longer (3.25 Å) Er–Mn bond lengths. All Er–Ga bond lengths are 2.95 Å. The Er–Ge bond length is 2.93 Å. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er, two equivalent Mn, two equivalent Ga, and two equivalent Ge atoms. Both Mn–Mn bond lengths are 2.87 Å. Both Mn–Ga bond lengths are 2.79 Å. Both Mn–Ge bond lengths are 2.62 Å. Ga is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er and three equivalent Mn atoms. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Er and six equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er3Al3CoGe2 by Materials Project

Er3CoAl3Ge2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Co, six equivalent Al, and four equivalent Ge atoms. The Er–Co bond length is 2.78 Å. There are four shorter (3.18 Å) and two longer (3.29 Å) Er–Al bond lengths. All Er–Ge bond lengths are 2.95 Å. Co is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three equivalent Er and six equivalent Al atoms. All Co–Al bond lengths are 2.60 Å. Al is bonded to six equivalent Er, two equivalent Co, two equivalent Al, and two equivalent Ge atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing AlEr6Al2Co2Ge2 tetrahedra. Both Al–Al bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Both Al–Ge bond lengths are 2.74 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er and three equivalent Al atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdErFe17 by Materials Project

ErNdFe17 crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to nineteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Er–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.27 Å. Nd is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to nineteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.30 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to one Er, one Nd, and ten Fe atoms to form FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen FeNdEr2Fe9 cuboctahedra, edges with six FeNdEr2Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.61 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Er, one Nd, and nine Fe atoms to form FeNdEr2Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with fifteen FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra, edges with eight FeNdEr2Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.64 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to one Er, two equivalent Nd, and nine Fe atoms to form FeNd2ErFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with fifteen FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra, edges with eight FeNdEr2Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten FeNdErFe10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.65 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Er, one Nd, and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.76 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Nd and thirteen Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.41 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Er and thirteen Fe atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effects of a composite flame retardant system on the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of epoxy resin adhesive

Abstract A flame‐retarded epoxy resin (ER) adhesive with strong flame retardancy and adhesion performance was prepared. The coated ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP), melamine (MEL), and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) were mixed to prepare a composite flame retardant. It was subsequently blended with a toughened ER thoroughly and then the mixture was cured with polyamide. The resultant ER adhesive thermosets achieved UL‐94 V‐0 rating during vertical burning test, and the limiting oxygen index value was as high as 31.6%. The shear strength of the ER adhesive was 27.9 MPa when 25 wt% MFAPP/MEL/OMMT was introduced. Compared with the pure adhesive, the flame retardant epoxy adhesive maintained outstanding adhesion performance because of the good compatibility between the composite flame retardant additives and the toughened ER adhesive. Cone calorimetry tests indicated that the release of heat and smoke were obviously declined with the incorporation of the composite flame retardant system in comparison to pure ER adhesive thermoset. The investigation of flame retardant mechanism revealed that the composite MFAPP/MEL/OMMT flame retardant system stimulated the generation of highly expanded, integral, and strong char layer and the formed char layer exerted superior insulation effect during combusiton. The present work provided an alternative approach to prepare flame retardant ER adhesive with the similar excellent adhesive performance.

Li, Sheng↗
DOE OSTI2021

Influence of Pelletization and Moisture Content of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs) on Dynamic Gasification Performance

Wet-ground empty fruit bunches (EFBs), dry-ground EFB, and pelletized EFB were gasified in a laboratory-scale updraft fixed-bed reactor at differing temperatures and equivalent ratios (ERs) between 0.19 and 0.78 to evaluate the performance and quality of the syngas under autothermal operating conditions. In addition, the theoretical estimation of the key performance indicator of the ashes on the performance of the gasification process was obtained. The results show that for ERs > 0.4 the autothermal operating condition was achieved for pretreatments with pelletized and dry-ground EFBs, with reactor operating temperatures T > 700 °C. With wet EFB, this condition is achieved at any ER value. The average composition of the syngas from pelletized EFB presented the best average concentrations of the combustible species CO, H2, and CH4 when the ER values were between 0.25 and 0.40. The highest hot and cold thermal efficiency values were obtained for the gasification of EFB pellets with ER values between 0.25 and 0.40. For ground EFB, increases in the ER value led to improvements in hot thermal efficiency. Finally, during the EFB pellet gasification tests, no agglomeration and sintering problems were evidenced in comparison with wet-ground and dry-ground EFBs that showed slag formation, especially at ER < 0.46.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Programmed cell death regulator BAP2 is required for IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response in Arabidopsis

Environmental and physiological situations can challenge the balance between protein synthesis and folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cause ER stress, a potentially lethal condition. The unfolded protein response (UPR) restores ER homeostasis or actuates programmed cell death (PCD) when ER stress is unresolved. The cell fate determination mechanisms of the UPR are not well understood, especially in plants. Here, we integrate genetics and ER stress profiling with natural variation and quantitative trait locus analysis of 350 natural accessions of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana . Our analyses implicate a single nucleotide polymorphism to the loss of function of the general PCD regulator BON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN2 (BAP2) in UPR outcomes. We establish that ER stress-induced BAP2 expression is antagonistically regulated by the UPR master regulator, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and that BAP2 controls adaptive UPR amplitude in ER stress and ignites pro-death mechanisms in conditions of UPR insufficiency.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

An IRE1-proteasome system signalling cohort controls cell fate determination in unresolved proteotoxic stress of the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress, which is an underlying cause of major crop losses and devastating human conditions. Here, ER proteostasis surveillance is mediated by the conserved master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), which determines cell fate by controlling pro-life and pro-death outcomes through as yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here we report that Arabidopsis IRE1 determines cell fate in ER stress by balancing the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and UPR through the plant-unique E3 ligase, PHOSPHATASE TYPE 2CA (PP2CA)-INTERACTING RING FINGER PROTEIN 1 (PIR1). Indeed, PIR1 loss leads to suppression of pro-death UPS and the lethal phenotype of an IRE1 loss-of-function mutant in unresolved ER stress in addition to activating pro-survival UPR. Specifically, in ER stress, PIR1 loss stabilizes ABI5, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, that directly activates expression of the critical UPR regulator gene, bZIP60, triggering transcriptional cascades enhancing pro-survival UPR. Collectively, our results identify new cell fate effectors in plant ER stress by showing that IRE1’s coordination of cell death and survival hinges on PIR1, a key pro-death component of the UPS, which controls ABI5, a pro-survival transcriptional activator of bZIP60.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Experimental study of the edge radial electric field in different drift configurations and its role in the access to H-mode at ASDEX Upgrade

The formation of the equilibrium radial electric field (Er) has been studied experimentally at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in L-modes of “favorable” (ion ∇ B-drift toward primary X-point) and “unfavorable” (ion ∇ B-drift away from primary X-point) drift configurations, in view of its impact on H-mode access, which changes with drift configurations. Edge electron and ion kinetic profiles and impurity velocity and mean-field Er profiles across the separatrix are investigated, employing new and improved measurement techniques. The experimental results are compared to local neoclassical theory as well as to a simple 1D scrape-off layer (SOL) model. It is found that in L-modes of matched heating power and plasma density, the upstream SOL Er and the main ion pressure gradient in the plasma edge are the same for either drift configurations, whereas the Er well in the confined plasma is shallower in unfavorable compared to the favorable drift configuration. The contributions of toroidal and poloidal main ion flows to Er, which are inferred from local neoclassical theory and the experiment, cannot account for these observed differences. Furthermore, it is found that in the L-mode, the intrinsic toroidal edge rotation decreases with increasing collisionality and it is co-current in the banana-plateau regime for all different drift configurations at AUG. This gives rise to a possible interaction of parallel Pfirsch–Schlüter flows in the SOL with the confined plasma. Thus, the different H-mode power threshold for the two drift configurations cannot be explained in the same way at AUG as suggested by LaBombard et al. [Phys. Plasmas 12, 056111 (2005)] for Alcator C-Mod. Finally, comparisons of Er profiles in favorable and unfavorable drift configurations at the respective confinement transitions show that also the Er gradients are all different, which indirectly indicates a different type or strength of the characteristic edge turbulence in the two drift configurations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Arabidopsis cytochrome b 5 proteins support fatty acid ω-3 but not ω-6 desaturation

Fatty acids are primary components of lipids, which serve as major energy sources in cells and play essential roles in membrane structure, signaling, and metabolic regulation (Shanklin and Cahoon 1998). The degree of fatty acid unsaturation critically influences lipid physicochemical properties, thereby affecting membrane fluidity and biological function (Nguyen et al. 2019). In Arabidopsis thaliana, fatty acid desaturation occurs via 2 parallel pathways: the “prokaryotic pathway” in plastids, involving glycosylglycerides, such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG); and the “eukaryotic pathway” in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), involving phosphatidylcholine (PC) (Lou et al. 2014) (Supplementary Figure S1). Seven fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in Arabidopsis differentially desaturate each glycerolipid class in the plastid and ER (Nguyen et al. 2019). FAD2, an ER-resident ω-6 fatty acid desaturase, catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid (18:1) to linoleic acid (18:2), which can be further desaturated to α-linolenic acid (18:3) by FAD3, an ER-resident ω-3 fatty acid desaturase. In plastids, FAD6 catalyzes the desaturation of 18:1/16:1 to produce 18:2/16:2, while FAD7 and FAD8 redundantly convert 18:2/16:2 to 18:3/16:3 (Li-Beisson et al. 2013; Nguyen et al. 2019). Additionally, fatty acids synthesized in the ER can also be reimported into plastids to their site of de novo synthesis (Xu et al. 2010). All FADs require reducing power, in the form of 2 electrons, for catalysis, but the sources of the electrons vary between their subcellular localizations. In the ER, FAD2 and FAD3 receive electrons from a cytochrome b 5 (CB5)-based electron transfer chain comprising cytochrome b 5 reductase (CBR) and CB5. In contrast, ferredoxin serves as the electron donor for plastid-localized FAD6, FAD7, and FAD8 (Ohlrogge and Browse 1995; Andreu et al. 2007). While the relative contributions of the 2 pathways to total cellular desaturation products vary across tissues and species, most polyunsaturated FA biosynthesis in seeds occurs via ER-resident FAD2 and FAD3 (Miquel and Browse 1992; Ohlrogge and Browse 1995).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Soil Water Retention and Hydraulic Conductivity Data and Model at Pump House in East River Watershed, Colorado 2019-2024

This data package includes soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity data and model fitting results from measurements of ex-situ soil samples and in-situ soil sensors near Pump House at Mount Crested Butte in the East River Watershed. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) characterize soil water content as a function of soil water potential. SWRC depends on soil texture and pore structure and can be used to describe the constraints on biogeochemical processes in terms of soil water availability. In this data package, the sample identification follows the format ER-X-Y, where ER refers to East River, X is the location identifier, and Y is the depth identifier at the same X (shallow Y=1). Specifically, ER-PHS, ER-LMC, ER-LMF, and ER-SMN are associated with ecohydrology sites under the East-Taylor Watershed Community Observatory Sites directory, and ER-RBTn (upslope n=1) are sampling transects during the 2019 Rootball Campaign. The sample and location information can be found in metadata.csv. Sampling and Measurements Each sample falls into one of the three sampling methods – (1) intact cores, (2) repacked samples, or (3) soil sensors – and one of the two measurement methods – (a) laboratory or (b) in-situ. Both intact cores and repacked samples were measured using the laboratory methods, which include measurements of soil water potential (HYPROP & WP4C, METER), saturated (KSAT, METER) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (HYPROP). The in-situ method uses a pair of co-located soil sensors to measure volumetric water content (TEROS12, METER) and soil water potential (TEROS21, METER), and the hydraulic conductivity was not measured. In comparison, the laboratory methods progress from full saturation to dry conditions, and the in-situ method includes both dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry cycles. The sampling and measurement methods for each sample can be found in metadata.csv, and more information about the measurements is detailed in the Methods section below. Models Retention and hydraulic conductivity data were fitted with four van-Genuchten-type models (specified by “model_name” column in the files): (1) traditional constrained van Genuchten model (“vG_constrained”), (2) traditional unconstrained van Genuchten model (“vG_unconstrained”), (3) PDI-variant of the constrained van Genuchten model (“vG_constrained_PDI”), and (4) PDI-variant of the unconstrained van Genuchten model (“vG_unconstrained_PDI”). The difference between the constrained (1: n) and the unconstrained (2: n, m) van Genuchten models is the number of pore-size distribution parameters in the model equations, giving the unconstrained model more degrees of freedom when fitting the data. Between the traditional and the PDI-variant models, model fitting differs the most at the dry end of the measurements. The traditional models allow infinite suction at the residual water content (water content does not drop below residual water content), and the PDI-variant models enforce a soil water potential value of pF=6.8 (~ -630 MPa) at oven-dryness (water content reaches 0). The inclusion of the van-Genuchten-type models is due to their common application. If other retention models are required, users can access the data in data.csv for further data fitting. More information about the models can be found in the Methods section below. Fitting Tasks The model fitting can be categorized into three levels of tasks (specified by “fitting_task” column in the files). Level 1 (“fit_retention”) only includes retention data fitting (the only level available for the in-situ method). Level 2 (“fit_retention_conductivity”) includes both retention and hydraulic conductivity data fitting, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks, a parameter of the hydraulic conductivity functions) is fixed by the measurements from KSAT. Level 3 (“fit_retention_conductivity_Ks”) also includes both retention and hydraulic conductivity data fitting, but Ks is a fitted parameter without the constraints from KSAT measurements. Among the same retention models (e.g. vG_constrained models of the same sample), level 1 should produce the best retention data fitting. Level 2 should have the highest misfit of the retention and hydraulic conductivity data, because the retention and hydraulic conductivity functions share common model parameters, and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (HYPROP) data fitting is subject to Ks measured independently by KSAT. Level 3 should have mid-level misfits of the retention and hydraulic conductivity data. While level 3 fits the hydraulic conductivity data better than level 2, the fitted Ks value might be unreasonable due to the lack of constraints at the wet end of the measurements. General recommendation when using this data package: (1) Choice of sampling methods: Intact cores and in-situ soil sensors could be prioritized because these sampling methods are less destructive. While the repacked samples were packed to the target bulk density (estimated post-sampling, when sample volume was known), these samples had altered pore structures. Nevertheless, intact cores might suffer from sample gaps that would lead to overestimation of Ks (sample gaps can be inferred from the “soil_sample_volume” column in metadata.csv when the value is < 249). In-situ method also has higher uncertainty in characterizing the wet end of the SWRC because of sensor limitations and the difficulty in reaching full saturation under natural conditions. (2) Choice of fitting tasks: When only retention data is needed, level 1 (“fit_retention”) should be prioritized. When both retention and hydraulic conductivity data are needed, level 2 (“fit_retention_conductivity”) could be prioritized. (3) Choice of models: This could depend on what the downstream models call for. If no specific model is required, model misfit could be used as a ranking criterion. Model misfit values in terms of RMSE can be found in model_parameters.csv. The following files are included in this data package: (1) metadata.csv – This file includes the general information of each sample, including location (description, geocoordinates, elevation), sampling and measurements details (method, depth, time or period, volume, instruments), and soil physical properties (bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, only applicable to physical soil samples). (2) data.csv – This file includes soil water potential, volumetric water content, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data of each sample. Column “instrument” specifies the instrument (HYPROP, WP4C, or TEROS) used to perform the measurements. (3) model_fit.csv – This file includes soil water potential, volumetric water content, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity fitted from the four models and three fitting tasks. Column “model_name” specifies the retention model used, and “fitting_task” specifies the level of data fitting. Missing values indicate that the variable does not apply to that fitting task. (4) model_parameters.csv – This file includes the fitted model parameters, model misfits, and conventional water content thresholds (field capacity and wilting point) from the four models and three fitting tasks. Column “model_name” specifies the retention model used, and “fitting_task” specifies the level of data fitting. Missing values indicate that the parameter does not apply to that model and/or that fitting task. (5) data_Ks.csv – This file includes the saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements from KSAT. (6) /figure/*.png – This folder includes three quick visualizations of the data, retention model fitting results and misfits, and hydraulic conductivity model fitting results, misfits, and parameters. The model fitting results are separated by samples and fitting tasks and colored by models. Zoom-in required. (7) /hyprop/*.bdhx – This folder includes proprietary hyprop files that require the free Labros SoilView-Analysis (METER) to open. Users can explore data fitting using other retention models (i.e. Brooks-Corey, Fredlund-Xing, Kosugi, bimodal models). Be aware that Ks value is pre-entered under “Fitting tab, Conductivity functions parameters” for level 2 fitting. If the value is lost, please refer to metadata.csv under “Ks” column. (8) Six file-level metadata that summarize file, header, column, and variable information of all files. This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErBO3 by Materials Project

ErBO3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Er3+ sites. In the first Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.68 Å. In the second Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.46 Å. In the third Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.49 Å. In the fourth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.48 Å. In the fifth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.51 Å. In the sixth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.57 Å. There are six inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.44–1.55 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.37 Å) and one longer (1.42 Å) B–O bond length. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.38 Å) and one longer (1.41 Å) B–O bond length. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.56 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.44–1.55 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.54 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Er3+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Er3+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Er3+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and one B3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErCd2 by Materials Project

ErCd2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded to two equivalent Er and twelve equivalent Cd atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ErEr2Cd12 cuboctahedra. Both Er–Er bond lengths are 3.42 Å. All Er–Cd bond lengths are 3.34 Å. Cd is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er and five equivalent Cd atoms. There are three shorter (2.86 Å) and two longer (3.42 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er2Al3Si2 by Materials Project

Er2Al3Si2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Al and five equivalent Si atoms. There are a spread of Er–Al bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.23 Å. There are a spread of Er–Si bond distances ranging from 2.86–2.99 Å. There are two inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to four equivalent Er and two equivalent Si atoms. Both Al–Si bond lengths are 2.60 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er and two equivalent Si atoms. Both Al–Si bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Er, three Al, and one Si atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.38 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErAl2 by Materials Project

ErAl2 is Cubic Laves structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er and twelve equivalent Al atoms. All Er–Er bond lengths are 3.39 Å. All Er–Al bond lengths are 3.24 Å. Al is bonded to six equivalent Er and six equivalent Al atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing AlEr6Al6 cuboctahedra. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.77 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErSi2Ni by Materials Project

ErNiSi2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ni and ten Si atoms. All Er–Ni bond lengths are 3.02 Å. There are a spread of Er–Si bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.11 Å. Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er and five Si atoms. There are one shorter (2.25 Å) and four longer (2.32 Å) Ni–Si bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Er, four equivalent Ni, and four equivalent Si atoms. All Si–Si bond lengths are 2.79 Å. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er, one Ni, and two equivalent Si atoms. Both Si–Si bond lengths are 2.37 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErAgSn by Materials Project

ErAgSn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ag and five Sn atoms. There are two shorter (3.27 Å) and four longer (3.56 Å) Er–Ag bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.14 Å) and one longer (3.18 Å) Er–Sn bond lengths. Ag is bonded to six equivalent Er, two equivalent Ag, and four Sn atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing AgEr6Ag2Sn4 cuboctahedra. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 3.15 Å. There are two shorter (2.84 Å) and two longer (2.89 Å) Ag–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Er and six equivalent Ag atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er and three equivalent Ag atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er2Mg by Materials Project

Er2Mg crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Er atoms. All Mg–Er bond lengths are 3.32 Å. Er is bonded to four equivalent Mg and eight equivalent Er atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ErEr8Mg4 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (3.45 Å) and four longer (3.57 Å) Er–Er bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErAgPb by Materials Project

ErAgPb crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ag and five Pb atoms. There are two shorter (3.33 Å) and four longer (3.62 Å) Er–Ag bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.19 Å) and one longer (3.24 Å) Er–Pb bond lengths. Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er, two equivalent Ag, and four Pb atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 3.20 Å. There are two shorter (2.89 Å) and two longer (2.93 Å) Ag–Pb bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three equivalent Er and six equivalent Ag atoms. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Er and three equivalent Ag atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗