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At least 613 records · Page 34
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Hydrologic land use classification of the Patuxent River watershed using remotely sensed data

The Patuxent River Watershed is located in central Maryland between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. and is approximately 2330 sq km in area and 175 km long. This region is now at a critical point because of major concerns such as water management and quality, flooding and land use within the watershed. Data from the NASA-directed LANDSAT and Earth Resources Aircraft Programs were used to provide a new dimension in information collection and processing for the management of watersheds. Digital data from LANDSAT-1 were analyzed along with selected IR photography from U-2 flight number 74-060B taken 28 April 1974, which was digitized in three channels. Processing of the data was accomplished using a multispectral analysis system. Land use themes consisting of surface water, wetlands, forest, residential, cropland/pasture, urban, and extractive were developed and delineated through the watershed. Area measurements of watershed themes were obtained and will serve as a calibration input to a deterministic hydrologic model on a sub-watershed. Using the derived residential and urban theme areas from LANDSAT an estimated basin imperviousness was also calculated. Thematic maps were produced at 1:62,500 scale. Floodprone areas were also classified and delineated at a scale of 1:24,000. Comparison with standard floodprone area maps at the same scale have indicated a few areas of discrepancy. Such information can be used for updating or checking floodprone area boundaries as well as monitoring changes in floodplain areas.

Dallam, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Monitoring wetlands change using LANDSAT data

A wetlands monitoring study was initiated as part of Delaware's LANDSAT applications demonstration project. Classifications of digital data are conducted in an effort to determine the location and acreage of wetlands loss or gain, species conversion, and application for the inventory and typing of freshwater wetlands. A multi-seasonal approach is employed to compare data from two different years. Unsupervised classifications were conducted for two of the four dates examined. Initial results indicate the multi-seasonal approach allows much better separation of wetland types for both tidal and non-tidal wetlands than either season alone. Change detection is possible but generally misses the small acreages now impacted by man.

Hardin, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Regression and ratio estimators to integrate AVHRR and MSS data

Regression and ratio estimators are used to integrate AVHRR-Global Area Coverage (GAC) and Landsat MSS digital data to estimate forest area in the continental United States. Forestlands are enumerated for the 48 contiguous states using five different AVHRR-GAC data sets. Results indicated that the GAC and MSS forest estimates were not highly correlated. Although the ratio of means and linear regression corrections were, on the average, closer to national U.S. Forest Service forest area estimates, these correction procedures did not consistently improve GAC estimates of forest area. GAC forest area estimates tended to be high in densely forested regions such as the northeast and low in sparsely forested areas.

Nelson, Ross↗
NASA NTRS1975

Evaluation of Skylab data for land use mapping

Skylab multispectral scanner data, digitized Skylab color IR photography, digitized Skylab black and white multiband photography, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispectral scanner data collected within a twenty-four hour time period over an area in south-central Indiana near Bloomington on June 9 and 10, 1973, were compared in a machine-aided land use analysis of the area. The overall classification performance results, obtained with nine land use classes were 87% correct classification using the 'best' 4 channels of the Skylab multispectral scanner, 80% for the channels on the Skylab multispectra scanner, which are spectrally comparable to the ERTS multispectral scanner, 88% for the ERTS multispectral scanner, 83% for the digitized color IR photography, and 76% for the digitized black and white multiband photography. The results indicate that the Skylab multispectral scanner may yield even higher classification accuracies when a noise filtered multispectral scanner data set becomes available in the near future.

Biehl, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A multilevel multispectral data set analysis in the visible and infrared wavelength regions

Skylab multispectral scanner data, digitized Skylab color infrared (IR) photography, digitized Skylab black and white multiband photography, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispectral scanner data collected within a 24-hr time period over an area in south-central Indiana near Bloomington on June 9 and 10, 1973, were compared in a machine-aided land use analysis of the area. The overall classification performance results, obtained with nine land use classes, were 87% correct classification using the 'best' 4 channels of the Skylab multispectral scanner, 80% for the channels on the Skylab multispectral scanner which are spectrally comparable to the ERTS multispectral scanner, 88% for the ERTS multispectral scanner, 83% for the digitized color IR photography, and 76% for the digitized black and white multiband photography. The results indicate that the Skylab multispectral scanner may yield even higher classification accuracies when a noise-filtered multispectral scanner data set becomes available in the near future.

Biehl, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Planning applications in East Central Florida

The author has identified the following significant results. This is a study of applications of ERTS data to planning problems, especially as applicable to East Central Florida. The primary method has been computer analysis of digital data, with visual analysis of images serving to supplement the digital analysis. The principal method of analysis was supervised maximum likelihood classification, supplemented by density slicing and mapping of ratios of band intensities. Land-use maps have been prepared for several urban and non-urban sectors. Thematic maps have been found to be a useful form of the land-use maps. Change-monitoring has been found to be an appropriate and useful application. Mapping of marsh regions has been found effective and useful in this region. Local planners have participated in selecting training samples and in the checking and interpretation of results.

Hannah, J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2025

rcsb-api : Python Toolkit for Streamlining Access to RCSB Protein Data Bank APIs

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) was founded in 1971 as the first open-access digital data resource in biology to serve as the single global archive for three-dimensional (3D) macromolecular structure data. Current PDB holdings exceed 230,000 experimentally determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and macromolecular machines. The RCSB Protein Data Bank RCSB.org research-focused web portal facilitates search, analyses, and visualization of every PDB structure along with more than one million Computed Structure Models from AlphaFold DB and the ModelArchive. It is powered by a set of publicly available Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that both support RCSB.org users and provide programmatic access to PDB data. Given the breadth and levels of granularity encompassed in this rich data collection, efficiently accessing the information programmatically may be challenging for new users. RCSB PDB has developed a Python software package, rcsb-api , that facilitates easy and efficient use of RCSB PDB APIs within a Python environment. This software tool is designed to streamline access to the extensive corpus of data housed within the PDB, enabling researchers to search, retrieve, and analyze 3D biostructure data seamlessly. Its use will accelerate research in structural biology, molecular biology and biochemistry, drug discovery, and bioinformatics by providing more efficient tools for data integration and analysis. The new toolkit is available on GitHub (github.com/rcsb/py-rcsb-api) and published to the public Python package repository (PyPI) to foster wider usage and support basic and applied research in fundamental biology, biomedicine, and the energy sciences.

FAIR principles↗
DOE OSTI2019

PDB Structure Data Impacted Discovery and Development of Recently FDA‐Approved Drugs

Protein Data Bank (PDB) was established in 1971 as the 1 st open access digital data resource in biology and medicine. Today, the PDB currently houses >145,000 atomic level biomolecular structures determined by crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and 3D electron microscopy. Managed by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank partnership (wwPDB; wwpdb.org ), PDB data are used by researchers and educators to understand the role molecules play in health and disease of humans, animals, and plants, food and energy production, and other topics of concern to global prosperity and sustainability. RCSB PDB operates the US data center for the global PDB archive, and makes PDB data available at no charge to all data consumers without limitations on usage. During calendar 2017, >679 million structure data files were downloaded from the PDB by Data Consumers working worldwide. RCSB PDB served >1 million RCSB.org users worldwide with PDB data integrated with ~40 external data resources providing rich structural views of fundamental biology, biomedicine, and energy sciences, and supported >600,000 PDB101.rcsb.org educational website users around the globe. RCSB PDB examined the impact of PDB archiving and open access availability on the discovery of 210 new molecular entities (NMEs or drugs) approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2010 and 2016. Biological targets for 90% of NMEs are known. Approximately 6,000 PDB structures containing one of these drug targets and/or one approved NME were identified, providing 85% coverage of known targets and 88% coverage of 2010–2016 approved NMEs. Coverage was comparable across all therapeutic areas. Most structures were both published and freely accessible from the PDB long before the NMEs were approved. Additional analyses revealed these PDB structures were cited by more than 200,000 PubMed‐indexed publications reporting pre‐competitive research on the would‐be drug targets. PDB structures and citing publications contributed substantially to understanding of the target biology, and led to biopharmaceutical company investment in successful drug discovery/development programs. Overall, access to PDB data contribute to patent applications, drug discovery and development, publication of scientific studies, innovations that can lead to new product development and company formation, and STEM education. Support or Funding Information RCSB PDB is funded by a grant (DBI‐1338415) from the National Science Foundation , the National Institutes of Health , and the US Department of Energy . This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .

Zardecki, Christine↗
NASA NTRS1972

Computation of pressure effects of inert-gas mixtures on atomic line shapes.

Recent line-shape experiments on the absorption series of cesium pressurized by various concentration ratios of argon and helium provide an opportunity to study the additivity of perturber interactions. Calculations which assume additivity and which assume additive adiabatic collisions agree well with the reported data. The results suggest that a systematic study of such experiments using accurate digitized data can furnish criteria for the valid applications of the additivity approximation.

Jacobson, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Satellite data for surface-mine inventory

To determine the feasibility of satellite data for surface-mine inventory, particularly as it applies to coal, a case study was conducted in Maryland. A band-ratio method was developed to measure disturbed surface areas, and it proved to be extendible both temporally and geographically. This method was used to measure area changes in the region over three time periods from September 1972 through July 1974 and to map the entire two-county area for 1973. For mines ranging between 31 and 244 acres (12 to 98 hectares) the measurement accuracy of total affected acreage was determined to be 92%. Mines of 120 acres (50 hectares) and larger were measured with greater accuracy, some within one percent of the actual area. The ability to identify, classify, and measure strip-mine surfaces in a two-county area (1,541 square kilometers - 595 square miles) of western Maryland was demonstrated through the use of computer processing. On the basis of these results the use of LANDSAT satellite data and multilevel sampling of aircraft and field verification inspections, multispectral analysis of digital data is shown to be an effective, rapid, and accurate means of monitoring the surface mining cycle.

Anderson, A. T.↗
NASA NTRS1978

NASA and the U.S. climate program - A problem in data management

NASA's contribution to the total data base for the National Climate Plan will be to produce climate data sets from its experimental space observing systems and to maximize the value of these data for climate analysis and prediction. Validated data sets will be provided to NOAA for inclusion into their overall diagnostic data base. NASA data management for the Climate Plan will involve: (1) cataloging and retrieval of large integrated and distributed data sets upon user demand, and (2) the storage equivalent of 100,000 digital data tapes. It will be the largest, most complex data system ever developed by NASA

Quann, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Cost benefit assessment of NASA remote sensing technology transferred to the State of Georgia

The benefits involved in the transfer of NASA remote sensing technology to eight Georgia state agencies are identified in quantifiable and qualitative terms, and a value for these benefits is computed by means of an effectiveness analysis. The benefits of the transfer are evaluated by contrasting a baseline scenario without Landsat and an alternative scenario with Landsat. The net present value of the Landsat technology being transferred is estimated at 9.5 million dollars. The estimated value of the transfer is most sensitive to discount rate, the cost of photo acquisition, and the cost of data digitalization. It is estimated that, if the budget is constrained, Landsat could provide data products roughly seven times more frequently than would otherwise be possible.

Kelly, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Trophic classification of Tennessee Valley area reservoirs derived from LANDSAT multispectral scanner data

LANDSAT MSS data from four different dates were extracted from computer tapes using a semiautomated digital data handling and analysis system. Reservoirs were extracted from the surrounding land matrix by using a Band 7 density level slice of 3; and descriptive statistics to include mean, variance, and ratio between bands for each of the four bands were calculated. Significant correlations ( 0.80) were identified between the MSS statistics and many trophic indicators from ground truth water quality data collected at 35 reservoirs in the greater Tennessee Valley region. Regression models were developed which gave significant estimates of each reservoir's trophic state as defined by its trophic state index and explained in all four LANDSAT frames at least 85 percent of the variability in the data. To illustrate the spatial variations within reservoirs as well as the relative variations between reservoirs, a table look up elliptical classification was used in conjunction with each reservoir's trophic state index to classify each reservoir on a pixel by pixel basis and produce color coded thematic representations.

Meinert, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Analysis of upper mantle structure using wave field continuation of P waves

Wave field continuation theory, which allows transformation of the seismic record section data directly into velocity-depth space, is tested for upper mantle analysis using a large array-recorded data set obtained at the 200-station Caltech-USGS Southern California Seismic Network that is representative of the structure beneath the gulf of California. The method's resolution capability is illustrated by the comparison of the slant stacks and downward continuation of both synthetic and data record sections. It is stressed that when high-quality, densely sampled digital data are available, the technique is easy to implement, provides an inversion which contains all the data in the global format, and produces an objective estimate of depth resolution as a function of ray parameter.

Walck, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A three-dimensional orthogonal laser velocimeter for the NASA Ames 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel

A three-component dual-beam laser-velocimeter system has been designed, fabricated, and implemented in the 7-by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. The instrument utilizes optical access from both sides and the top of the test section, and is configured for uncoupled orthogonal measurements of the three Cartesian coordinates of velocity. Bragg cell optics are used to provide fringe velocity bias. Modular system design provides great flexibility in the location of sending and receiving optics to adapt to specific experimental requirements. Near-focus Schmidt-Cassegrain optic modules may be positioned for collection of forward or backward scattered light over a large solid angle, and may be clustered to further increase collection solid angle. Multimode fiber optics transmit collected light to the photomultiplier tubes for processing. Counters are used to process the photomultiplier signals and transfer the processed data digitally via buffered interface controller to the host MS-DOS computer. Considerable data reduction and graphical display programming permit on-line control of data acquisition and evaluation of the incoming data. This paper describes this system in detail and presents sample data illustrating the system's capability.

Dunagan, Stephen E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Machine processing of remotely sensed data; Proceedings of the Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., October 16-18, 1973

Topics discussed include the management and processing of earth resources information, special-purpose processors for the machine processing of remotely sensed data, digital image registration by a mathematical programming technique, the use of remote-sensor data in land classification (in particular, the use of ERTS-1 multispectral scanning data), the use of remote-sensor data in geometrical transformations and mapping, earth resource measurement with the aid of ERTS-1 multispectral scanning data, the use of remote-sensor data in the classification of turbidity levels in coastal zones and in the identification of ecological anomalies, the problem of feature selection and the classification of objects in multispectral images, the estimation of proportions of certain categories of objects, and a number of special systems and techniques. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Geology

Papers from private industry reporting applications of remote sensing to oil and gas exploration were presented. Digitally processed LANDSAT images were successfully employed in several geologic interpretations. A growing interest in digital image processing among the geologic user community was shown. The papers covered a wide geographic range and a wide technical and application range. Topics included: (1) oil and gas exploration, by use of radar and multisensor studies as well as by use of LANDSAT imagery or LANDSAT digital data, (2) mineral exploration, by mapping from LANDSAT and Skylab imagery and by LANDSAT digital processing, (3) geothermal energy studies with Skylab imagery, (4) environmental and engineering geology, by use of radar or LANDSAT and Skylab imagery, (5) regional mapping and interpretation, and digital and spectral methods.

Stewart, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Investigation of air transportation technology at Ohio University: 1993-1994

The Joint University Program (JUP) offers students, faculty, and staff of the Avionics Engineering Center the opportunity to conduct basic research relating to the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System. During the 1993-1994 year research was continued in a variety of GPS-related technologies and also in a hybrid data uplink system. (1) Processing techniques developed for the GPS attitude determination have been applied to centimeter-level kinematic GPS aircraft positioning for flight reference systems and aircraft autoland and taxiing operations. This resulted in the first real-time kinematic GPS autoland. (2) The fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm developed under the Joint University Program has been fully adopted by RTCA Special Committee 159 as the baseline algorithm for sole-means navigation of GPS integrated with GLONASS, LORAN-C, or baro-altimeter. (3) A Satellite Coverage Research Analysis Model (SCRAM) has been developed which provides outage areas, outage dynamics, and availability information for satellite-based navigation systems. RTCA Special Committee 159 has adopted this model for use in their work. (4) A basic receiver structure has been simulated and tested for use with the hybrid data uplink. This uplink utilizes the phase of an existing AM carrier to transmit digital data, thus both amplitude and phase modulation are applied, resulting in a hybrid carrier. The receiver simulation is directly applicable to real-time implementation as a result of the development platform.

Lilley, Robert W.↗