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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Electrodynamic plasma motor/generator experiment

The Plasma Motor/Generator Proof of Function (PMG/POF) experiment, a low-cost payload for flight aboard the Shuttle Orbiter using the Hitchhiker G carrier, is discussed. The primary objective of this experiment is to verify that hollow cathode plasma sources can couple electric currents from either end of a long wire moving through the space plasma in LEO into and through that plasma to produce a PMG circuit. The support structure and the electrical components of the experiment are described. The experimental operation is discussed, including the calibration, experimental measurements, and follow-on missions.

Mccoy, James E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Development of a high-performance cryogenic radiator with V-groove radiation shields

A feasibility demonstration model of a new-technology, high-performance, cryogenic radiative cooler has been successfully tested in a helium-cooled vacuum chamber. Thermal isolation of the radiator cold stage from the warm spacecraft and instrument is achieved by a novel arrangement of lightweight radiation shields which form large V-groove cavities, and by the use of low-conductance structural supports. The vacuum chamber experiments demonstrate the thermal isolation capability of the radiator design. Analytical model predictions are all within 1 K of the measured test temperatures. Utilization of this design enables reasonably sized radiative coolers (less than 0.3 sq m) to achieve operating temperatures below 60 K at earth, Mars, and beyond for useful cooling loads below 75 mW. The design can be scaled to accommodate larger heat loads. The reduction in operating temperature of over 15 K relative to any radiative cooler flown in the past will allow the V-groove isolation radiator to meet the challenging instrument cooling requirements of many future space missions.

Bard, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1988

Multitemperature Cryogenic Radiative Cooler

Multiple radiator stages separated by V-groove shields protect main cooler from parasitic heat radiation and offer usable cooling themselves. Proposed cryogenic radiative cooler achieves lower temperatures previously possible with passive radiators in space. Provides useful cooling power at several temperatures instead of one. Cold-radiator stage protected by multiple shield assemblies intercepting radiation heat leaks from warmer supporting structure and redirects it out to space. Each shield assembly has effective cooling capacity enabling it to cool optical filter.

Bard, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1988

Evaluation of a high-torque backlash-free roller actuator

The results are presented of a test program that evaluated the stiffness, accuracy, torque ripple, frictional losses, and torque holding capability of a 16:1 ratio, 430 N-m (320 ft-lb) planetary roller drive for a potential space vehicle actuator application. The drive's planet roller supporting structure and bearings were found to be the largest contributors to overall drive compliance, accounting for more than half the total. In comparison, the traction roller contacts themselves contributed only 9 percent of the drive's compliance based on an experimentally verified stiffnesss model. Torque ripple tests showed the drive to be extremely smooth, actually providing some damping of input torsional oscillations. The drive also demonstrated the ability to hold static torque with drifts of 7 arc sec or less over a 24-hour period at 35 percent of full load.

Steinetz, Bruce M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Leg size and muscle functions associated with leg compliance

The relationship between the leg compliance and factors related to the size of leg muscle and to physical fitness was investigated in ten healthy subjects. Vascular compliance of the leg, as determined by a mercury strain gauge, was found to be not significantly correlated with any variables associated with physical fitness per se (e.g., peak O2 uptake, calf strength, age, body weight, or body composition. On the other hand, leg compliance correlated with the calf cross-sectional area (CSA) and the calculated calf volume, with the CSA of calf muscle being the most dominant contributing factor (while fat and bone were poor predicators). It is suggested that leg compliance can be lowered by increasing calf muscle mass, thus providing structural support to limit the expansion of leg veins.

Convertino, Victor A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

A study of aeroelastic stability for the model support system of the National Transonic Facility

Oscillations of wind-tunnel models have been observed during testing in the National Transonic Facility. These oscillations have been the subject of an extensive investigation. As a part of this effort, a study of the aeroelastic stability of the model support structure has been performed. This structure is mathematically modelled as a wing and conventional flutter analysis is performed. The math model implemented both experimentally and numerically obtained modal characteristics. A technique for illustrating the flutter boundary for wind tunnels is demonstrated. Results indicate that the classical flutter boundary is well above the operating envelope of the facility. However, the analysis indicates a damping-dependent instability is present which is inherent in the design. One possible modification in the design has been evaluated which eliminates the predicted instability.

Strganac, Thomas W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Unique cryogenic features of the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) experiment

Cryogenic designs to simplify launch-pad operations for the Gravity Probe B experiment (an orbital test of Einsteins's general theory of relativity using gyroscopes) while achieving an orbital lifetime of two years are discussed. The proposed system allows the probe to be loaded into a cold dewar, provides good structural support and thermal contact after insertion, and eliminates the need for a pumping system during ground hold. The use of a gamma alumina/epoxy minimizes the parasitic heat loads into the dewar through the telescope aperture and the tank supports.

Parmley, Richard T.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Reflection-Zone-Plate Antenna

Microwave antenna, based on reflection holography, designed and tested. Modified to produce arbitrary beam patterns by controlling relief pattern. Antenna planar or contoured to supporting structure. Low off-axis radar cross section at frequencies removed from operational frequency. Interference pattern produced by spherical wave intersecting plane wave consists of concentric circles similar to Newton's rings. Pattern identical to Fresnel zone plate, which has lens properties. Plane wave incident on hologram, or zone plate, focused to point.

Franke, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Duct flow nonuniformities: Effect of struts in SSME HGM 2+

This study consists of an analysis of flow through the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Hot Gas Manifold (HGM) for the purpose of understanding and quantifying the flow environment and, in particular, the flow through a region of structural supports located between the inner and outer walls of the HGM. The primary task of the study, as defined by NASA-MSFC, is to assess and develop the computational capability for analyzing detailed three-dimensional flow through the HGM support strut region to be incorporated into a full fuelside HGM analysis. Secondarily, computed results are to be compared with available experimental results.

Burke, Roger↗
NASA NTRS1988

A manned lunar outpost. Design considerations for three key elements in an initial manned lunar outpost

The Initial Manned Lunar Outpost (IMLO) is proposed as the initial permanent base for manned activities on the Moon. The study concentrated on identifying the equipment, support systems, and initial base configuration necessary to accomplish the various science, industrial and exploration activities planned. The primary concepts of the MLO were the use of hard modules for habitation areas creating a flexible, modular transportation system; designing a multi-functional vehicle; and using an overhead radiation protection system. The transportation system, dubbed the Lunar Mobile Surface Transport System (LMSTS), carries the hard modules to the surface of the moon and provides a method to move them to the desired location through the use of interchangeable pallets. The avionics pallets are changed-out with wheel and hitch pallets, transforming the LMSTS into a "tractor trailer" used with the Multi-Functional Vehicle (MFV). The modules are placed under the Regolith Support Structure (RSS) which provides a stable environment and radiation protection for the entire base. The overhead structure was chosen over simply burying the modules to provide a study on the advantages and disadvantages of this type of system. The advantages include easy access to the exterior of the modules, providing a protected area for vehicles and equipment used in EVA, and creating an area of constant temperature. Disadvantages include a need for prefabrication of structural components, including the preconstruction and construction phases of the initial MLO. The design approach taken considered existing and near-term materials and technology only, without the consideration of possible future building technologies.

Bell, Larry↗
NASA NTRS1988

How widely is the Andean type of continental margin represented in the Archean

Application of the principle of uniformitarianism to the Archean was discussed in a search for evidence of Archean-type continental margins in Archean rocks. The author cautioned that Archean rocks represent only 2 percent of the current exposure of the continents, half of which is in the North American Superior Province. Care must be taken in interpreting the global tectonic significance of relatively small exposures of Archean rocks, such as South India. Andean margins were characterized by their elongate shape, magmatic associations, and isotopic signatures. Although the compositional evidence alone will always be ambiguous, it was suggested that supporting structural evidence may aid in the identification of Archean Andean margins. Andean margin remains have been recognized in the Superior Province of Canada by these criteria, and the author suggested that the Closepet granite of South India may represent another example.

Burke, Kevin↗
NASA NTRS1989

Design of a 60 GHz beam waveguide antenna positioner

A development model antenna positioner mechanism with an integral 60 GHz radio frequency beam waveguide is discussed. The system features a 2-ft diameter carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy antenna reflector and support structure, and a 2-degree-of-freedom elevation over azimuth mechanism providing hemispherical field of view. Emphasis is placed on the constraints imposed on the mechanism by the radio frequency subsystems and how they impacted the mechanical configuration.

Emerick, Kenneth S.↗
NASA NTRS1989

An approximation function for frequency constrained structural optimization

The purpose is to examine a function for approximating natural frequency constraints during structural optimization. The nonlinearity of frequencies has posed a barrier to constructing approximations for frequency constraints of high enough quality to facilitate efficient solutions. A new function to represent frequency constraints, called the Rayleigh Quotient Approximation (RQA), is presented. Its ability to represent the actual frequency constraint results in stable convergence with effectively no move limits. The objective of the optimization problem is to minimize structural weight subject to some minimum (or maximum) allowable frequency and perhaps subject to other constraints such as stress, displacement, and gage size, as well. A reason for constraining natural frequencies during design might be to avoid potential resonant frequencies due to machinery or actuators on the structure. Another reason might be to satisy requirements of an aircraft or spacecraft's control law. Whatever the structure supports may be sensitive to a frequency band that must be avoided. Any of these situations or others may require the designer to insure the satisfaction of frequency constraints. A further motivation for considering accurate approximations of natural frequencies is that they are fundamental to dynamic response constraints.

Canfield, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Coordination of multiple robot arms

Kinematic resolved-rate control from one robot arm is extended to the coordinated control of multiple robot arms in the movement of an object. The structure supports the general movement of one axis system (moving reference frame) with respect to another axis system (control reference frame) by one or more robot arms. The grippers of the robot arms do not have to be parallel or at any pre-disposed positions on the object. For multiarm control, the operator chooses the same moving and control reference frames for each of the robot arms. Consequently, each arm then moves as though it were carrying out the commanded motions by itself.

Barker, L. K.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Reactionless gimbal actuator for precision pointing of large payloads

A novel actuator for application to precision pointing gimbal systems is described. The new actuator, dubbed the Reactuator, is capable of large output torques for payload pointing while minimizing reaction torques that can excite gimbal support structure. The Reactuator is able to approach reactionless operation by using an integral wheel to absorb the reaction torques. The advantages that result are described through analysis and simulation examples. Methods for designing control algorithms for the Reactuator are discussed and the results of preliminary breadboard tests are presented.

Laskin, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Space Cryogenics Workshop, University of Wisconsin, Madison, June 22, 23, 1987

Papers are presented on liquid helium servicing from the Space Station, performance estimates in the Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer Flight Experiment, an analytical study of He II flow characteristics in the SHOOT transfer line, a Dewar to Dewar model for superfluid helium transfer, and mechanical pumps for superfluid helium transfer in space. Attention is also given to the cavitation characteristics of a small centrifugal pump in He I and He II, turbulent flow pressure drop in various He II transfer system components, slip effects associated with Knudsen transport phenomena in porous media, and an integrated fountain effect pump device for fluid management at low gravity. Other papers are on liquid/vapor phase separation in He-4 using electric fields, an enclosed capillary device for low-gravity management of He II, cavitation in flowing superfluid helium, the long-term performance of the passive thermal control systems of the IRAS spacecraft, and a novel approach to supercritical helium flight cryostat support structures.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1990

Laser Velocimetry In Low-Speed Wind Tunnels

Design and performance of three-dimensional and two-dimensional backscatter laser velocimeter, both used in low-speed wind tunnels, described in report together with historical overview of development of laser velocimetry (LV). Provides measurements of airflow in wind-tunnel tests without perturbing effects of probes and probe-supporting structures. Applicable in such related fields as ventilation engineering and possibly in detection of wing vortexes from large aircraft at airports.

Orloff, Kenneth L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The space station tethered elevator system

The optimized conceptual engineering design of a space station tethered elevator is presented. The elevator is an unmanned mobile structure which operates on a ten kilometer tether spanning the distance between the Space Station and a tethered platform. Elevator capabilities include providing access to residual gravity levels, remote servicing, and transportation to any point along a tether. The potential uses, parameters, and evolution of the spacecraft design are discussed. Engineering development of the tethered elevator is the result of work conducted in the following areas: structural configurations; robotics, drive mechanisms; and power generation and transmission systems. The structural configuration of the elevator is presented. The structure supports, houses, and protects all systems on board the elevator. The implementation of robotics on board the elevator is discussed. Elevator robotics allow for the deployment, retrieval, and manipulation of tethered objects. Robotic manipulators also aid in hooking the elevator on a tether. Critical to the operation of the tethered elevator is the design of its drive mechanisms, which are discussed. Two drivers, located internal to the elevator, propel the vehicle along a tether. These modular components consist of endless toothed belts, shunt-wound motors, regenerative power braking, and computer controlled linear actuators. The designs of self-sufficient power generation and transmission systems are reviewed. Thorough research indicates all components of the elevator will operate under power provided by fuel cells. The fuel cell systems will power the vehicle at seven kilowatts continuously and twelve kilowatts maximally. A set of secondary fuel cells provides redundancy in the unlikely event of a primary system failure. Power storage exists in the form of Nickel-Hydrogen batteries capable of powering the elevator under maximum loads.

Anderson, Loren A.↗