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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

Mean velocity and decay characteristics of the guidevane and stator blade wake of an axial flow compressor

Pure tone noise, blade row vibrations, and aerodynamic losses are phenomena which are influenced by stator and IGV (inlet guide vane) blade wake production, decay, and interaction in an axial-flow compressor. The objective of this investigation is to develop a better understanding of the nature of stator and IGV blade wakes that are influenced by the presence of centrifugal forces due to flow curvature. A single sensor hot wire probe was employed to determine the three mean velocity components of stator and IGV wakes of a single stage compressor. These wake profiles indicated a varying decay rate of the tangential and axial wake velocity components and a wake profile similarity. An analysis, which predicts this trend, has been developed. The radial velocities are found to be appreciable in both IGV and the stator wakes.

Lakshminarayana, B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Mean sea level determination from satellite altimetry

The primary experiment on the Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite-3 (GEOS-3) is the radar altimeter. This experiment's major objective is to demonstrate the utility of measuring the geometry of the ocean surface; i.e., the geoid. Results obtained from this experiment so far indicate that the planned objectives of measuring the topography of the ocean surface with an absolute accuracy of + or - 5 m can be met and perhaps exceeded. The GEOS-3 satellite altimeter measurements have an instrument precision in the range of + or - 25 cm to + or - 50 cm when the altimeter is operating in the 'short pulse' mode. After one year's operations of the altimeter, data from over 5000 altimeter passes have been collected. With the mathematical models developed and the altimeter data presently available, mapping of local areas of ocean topography has been realized to the planned accuracy levels and better. This paper presents the basic data processing methods employed and some interesting results achieved with the early data. Plots of mean sea surface heights as inferred by the altimeter measurements are compared with a detailed 1 by 1 deg gravimetric geoid.

Kahn, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Mean velocity and decay characteristics of the near- and far-wake of a compressor rotor blade of moderate loading

This paper reports the experimental study of the three-dimensional characteristics of the mean velocity in the wake of a moderately loaded compressor rotor blade. The measurements were taken with a three-sensor hot-wire probe rotating with the rotor. The wake was surveyed at several radial and axial stations. The loading was found to have substantial effect and this was reflected not only in the axial and tangential components, but also in the radial component. The radial velocities were found to be high very near the trailing-edge and this exhibits the characteristics prevalent in a trailing vortex system. The static pressures across the wake were measured using a direction insensitive spherical head static-stagnation pressure probe. The static pressure was found to be higher inside the wake. These and other measurements are reported and correlated in this paper.

Ravindranath, A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

First results of a study on turbulent boundary layers in oscillating flow with a mean adverse pressure gradient

The development of a turbulent unsteady boundary layer with a mean pressure gradient strong enough to induce separation, in order to complete the extend results obtained for the flat plate configuration is presented. The longitudinal component of the velocity is measured using constant temperature hot wire anemometer. The region where negative velocities exist is investigated with a laser Doppler velocimeter system with BRAGG cells. The boundary layer responds by forced pulsation to the perturbation of potential flow. The unsteady effects observed are very important. The average location of the zero skin friction point moves periodically at the perturbation frequency. Average velocity profiles from different instants in the cycle are compared. The existence of a logarithmic region enables a simple calculation of the maximum phase shift of the velocity in the boundary layer. An attempt of calculation by an integral method of boundary layer development is presented, up to the point where reverse flow starts appearing.

Houdeville, R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Boundary layer control by means of suction

The process of boundary layer control by means of suction is described. Its historical development is briefly traced, and its application to airfoils and diffusers is discussed.

Maillart, G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The reduction of remote sensing data by visual means

Issues likely to be of concern to educators called upon to teach courses involving the reduction (interpretation) of remotely sensed data by visual means are considered. Topics covered include: (1) information requirements of those using remotely-sensed data; (2) educational concepts involved in teaching students how to generate the desired information from a visual analysis of the data; (3) principles and techniques specific to the photointerpretation process; (4) concepts involved in the making of photographic measurements, as dictated by the geometry of remote sensing imagery; (5) the nature of the various kinds of mapping, plotting, and photointerpretation equipment; and (6) some special considerations with respect to the convergence of evidence and other principles involved in the interpretation of photographs. A recommended procedure for determining the usefulness of any given type of aerial or space photography in relation to the inventory of natural resources is included.

Colwell, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Radar altimeter mean return wave forms from near-normal-incidence ocean surface scattering

For a nearly Gaussian transmitted pulse shape scattered from a nearly Gaussian distributed sea surface, a small argument series expansion of one term lead to a several term power series expression for the mean return waveform. Specific expressions are given for the first four terms. These results, which require less computer time than numerical convolution, are useful for data analysis from current or past radar altimeters and for design studies of future systems. Several representative results are presented for an idealized Seasat-1 radar altimeter.

Hayne, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Generation and injection of e.m. waves in space plasma by means of a long orbiting tether

The generation and injection of electromagnetic waves in space plasma by means of a long orbiting tether are considered. The objectives include an estimation of the portions of the primary electrodynamic power developed by the tether that goes to excite each of various wave generation and injection mechanisms expected to be present during a tether's orbital flight, an evaluation of the signal levels associated with each one of the mechanisms above, and verification of their detectability with state-of-the-art instrumentation on the Earth surface or elsewhere. The generation and injection of Alfven waves and electron whistler waves were identified as the most relevant mechanisms activited by the electrodynamic tether. The physical mechanisms that govern these two families of phenomena were investigated and the ratio between the power that goes in Alfven waves and in whistlers was derived. The analysis of the possible production of accelerated electrons by the electrodynamic tether was initiated.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Documentation for the machine-readable version of the Perth 70: A catalogue of positions of 24900 stars tape B, mean values of the observation

The Perth 70 catalog contains accurate positions of 24978 stars, plus other useful data such as approximate proper motions, radial velocities, and parallaxes. The Perth 70 is a result of meridian circle observations made by the Hamburg observatory expedition to Perth as part of the international effort of Southern References Stars (SRS). Tape B, which contains mean values of the observations and corresponds to the printed catalog is described.

Warren, W. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Mean-spherical model for soft potentials - The hard core revealed as a perturbation

The mean-spherical approximation for fluids is extended to treat the case of dense systems interacting via soft potentials. The extension takes the form of a generalized statement concerning the behavior of the direct-correlation function c(r) and the radial-distribution function g(r). From a detailed analysis that views the hard-core portion of a potential as a perturbation on the whole, a specific model is proposed which possesses analytic solutions for both Coulomb and Yukawa potentials, in addition to certain other remarkable properties. A variational principle for the model leads to a relatively simple method for obtaining numerical solutions.

Rosenfeld, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The mean age of mantle and crustal reservoirs

An analysis of two transport models for trace elements in mantle and crust evolution and related to the observed abundance patterns. In model I, continents are derived by melt extraction over the earth history from undepleted mantle, and the residue forms a depleted mantle which is the current source of mid-ocean ridge basalts. In model II, new additions to continents are derived from a mantle reservoir 2, which becomes more depleted by repeated extraction of melts. The isotopic composition and concentrations of trace elements are shown to reduce to simple mathematical expressions which permit calculations of basic evolutionary parameters. The mean age of the crust mass and isotopic data for the continental crust and the mantle are discussed, concluding with a consideration of their difference in compositions of newly derived crust.

Jacobsen, S. B.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Turbulent eddy diffusivity and mean eddy lifetimes measured in spray combustion

A quantitative description of the eddy structure that occurs in turbulent combustion processes can be obtained by the use of laser velocimetry, as shown in this work. The mean eddy length scales, eddy lifetimes, and turbulent diffusivity have been determined in a spray combustion flame for the first time. Velocity data was obtained at various locations within the flame, and standard correlation techniques were modified and then applied to reduce the data. In order to assess how the spray burns, the measured eddy lifetimes were compared with the relevant reaction times and drop lifetimes. Conditions that are conducive to group combustion of the droplets, rather than individual droplet combustion, were found to exist in the upstream region of the spray. Local measurements of the hydrocarbon concentration also support the conclusion that the majority of droplets undergo group combustion. However, the data indicate that some of the larger drops can survive the initial burning region and form a dilute spray downstream where conditions favor individual droplet combustion.

Driscoll, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Preliminary calculations concerning the maintenance of the zonal mean ozone distribution in the Northern Hemisphere

Results from a three-dimensional photochemical-dynamical model of ozone are presented and a qualitative description of the maintenance of the ozone distribution and its seasonal variations below 1 mb is given. The transition between photochemical and transport control of the ozone distribution is emphasized. Between 1 and 10 mb, transport by the eddies seems to play only a minor role at mid-latitudes in producing the observed ozone distribution despite the zero correlation between ozone and temperature which occurs in that region. In the lower stratosphere, mean and eddy contributions to ozone change generally strongly offset one another. The buildup and decay of the springtime ozone maximum is discussed. Emphasis is given to the mechanism of ozone transport by the mid-latitude eddies, which play an important role in the springtime accumulation of ozone.

Cunnold, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Estimation of mean sea surfaces in the North Atlantic, the Pacific and the Indian Ocean using GEOS-3 altimeter data

The sea surface heights above the reference ellipsoid were determined for several regions of the world's ocean using data from the radar altimeter on board the GEOS-3 satellite in conjunction with precise orbital position information derived from laser data. The resolution of the estimated sea surfaces varied from 0.25 degrees off the east coast of the United States to about 2 degrees in the Indian Ocean near Australia. The rms crossover discrepancy after adjustment varied from 30 cm to 70 cm depending on geographic location. Comparison of the altimeter derived mean sea surface in the North Atlantic with the 5 x 5 ft GEM-8 detailed gravimetric geoid indicated a relative consistency of better than one meter.

Marsh, J. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The mean free path of low-rigidity cosmic rays

The paper presents a simple heuristic argument that suggests that the large rigidity independent mean free paths observed for low-rigidity solar and galactic cosmic rays can be understood in terms of weak turbulence diffusion theory. This is shown to be possible if it is assumed that the interplanetary magnetic turbulence consists of a combination of Alfven waves propagating with constant field magnitude and a small (about 5-10 percent) admixture of compressive fluctuations.

Goldstein, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Analytical and experimental study of mean flow and turbulence characteristics inside the passages of an axial flow inducer

The inviscid and viscid effects existing within the passages of a three bladed axial flow inducer operating at a flow coefficient of 0.065 are investigated. The blade static pressure and blade limiting streamline angle distributions were determined and the three components of mean velocity, turbulence intensities, and turbulence stresses were measured at locations inside the inducer blade passage utilizing a rotating three sensor hotwire probe. Applicable equations were derived for the hotwire data reduction analysis and solved numerically to obtain the appropriate flow parameters. The three dimensional inviscid flow in the inducer was predicted by numerically solving the exact equations of motion, and the three dimensional viscid flow was predicted by incorporating the dominant viscous terms into the exact equations. The analytical results are compared with the experimental measurements and design values where appropriate. Radial velocities are found to be of the same order as axial velocities within the inducer passage, confirming the highly three dimensional characteristic of inducer flow. Total relative velocity distribution indicate a substantial velocity deficiency near the tip at mid-passage which expands significantly as the flow proceeds toward the inducer trailing edge. High turbulence intensities and turbulence stresses are concentrated within this core region. Considerable wake diffusion occurs immediately downstream of the inducer trailing edge to decay this loss core. Evidence of boundary layer interactions, blade blockage effects, radially inward flows, annulus wall effects, and backflows are all found to exist within the long, narrow passages of the inducer.

Gorton, C. A.↗