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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Callan-Symanzik equation and asymptotic freedom in the Marr-Shimamoto model

The exactly soluble nonrelativistic Marr-Shimamoto model was introduced in 1964 as an example of the Lee model with a propagator and a nontrivial vertex function. An exactly soluble relativistic version of this model, known as the Zachariasen model, has been found to be asymptotically free in terms of coupling constant renormalization at an arbitrary spacelike momentum and on the basis of exact solutions of the Gell-Mann-Low equations. This is accomplished with conventional cut-off regularization by setting up the Yukawa and Fermi coupling constants at Euclidean momenta in terms of on mass-shell couplings and then taking the asymptotic limit. In view of this background, it may be expected that an investigation of the nonrelativistic Marr-Shimamoto theory may also exhibit asymptotic freedom in view of its manifest mathematical similarity to that of the Zachariasen model. To prove this point, the present paper prefers to examine asymptotic freedom in the nonrelativistic Marr-Shimamoto theory using the powerful concepts of the renormalization group and the Callan-Symanzik equation, in conjunction with the specificity of dimensional regularization and on-shell renormalization. This approach is based on calculations of the Callan-Symanzik coefficients and determinations of the effective coupling constants. It is shown that the Marr-Shimamoto theory is asymptotically free for dimensions D<3 and for values of D>3 occurring in periodic intervals over the range of 0<D<27 of particular interest. This differs from the original Lee model which has been shown by several authors, using these same concepts, to be asymptotically free only for D<4.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Modified Fermi sphere, pairing gap, and critical temperature for the BCS-BEC crossover

We investigate the phase diagram of two-component fermions in the BCS-BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) crossover. Using functional renormalization-group equations we calculate the effect of quantum fluctuations on the fermionic self-energy parametrized by a wave-function renormalization, an effective Fermi radius, and the gap. This allows us to follow the modifications of the Fermi surface and the dispersion relation for fermionic excitations throughout the whole crossover region. We also determine the critical temperature of the second-order phase transition to superfluidity. Our results are in agreement with BCS theory including Gorkov's correction for a small negative scattering length a and with an interacting Bose gas for a small positive a. At the unitarity point the result for the gap at zero temperature agrees well with quantum Monte Carlo simulations, while the critical temperature differs.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Precise MS light-quark masses from lattice QCD in the regularization invariant symmetric momentum-subtraction scheme

We compute the conversion factors needed to obtain the MS and renormalization-group-invariant (RGI) up, down, and strange quark masses at next-to-next-to-leading order from the corresponding parameters renormalized in the recently proposed RI/SMOM and RI/SMOM{sub {gamma}{sub {mu}} }renormalization schemes. This is important for obtaining the MS masses with the best possible precision from numerical lattice QCD simulations, because the customary RI{sup (')}/MOM scheme is afflicted with large irreducible uncertainties both on the lattice and in perturbation theory. We find that the smallness of the known one-loop matching coefficients is accompanied by even smaller two-loop contributions. From a study of residual scale dependences, we estimate the resulting perturbative uncertainty on the light-quark masses to be about 2% in the RI/SMOM scheme and about 3% in the RI/SMOM{sub {gamma}{sub {mu}} }scheme. Our conversion factors are given in fully analytic form, for general covariant gauge and renormalization point. We provide expressions for the associated anomalous dimensions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ab initio many-body calculations of deuteron-{sup 4}He scattering and {sup 6}Li states

We extend the ab initio no-core shell model/resonating-group method (NCSM/RGM) to projectile-target binary-cluster states where the projectile is a deuteron. We discuss the formalism in detail and give algebraic expressions for the integration kernels. Using a soft similarity-renormalization-group evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon potential, we calculate deuteron-{sup 4}He scattering and investigate {sup 6}Li bound and unbound states. Virtual three-body breakup effects are obtained in an approximated way by including excited pseudostates of the deuteron in the calculation. We compare our results to experiment and to a standard NCSM calculation for {sup 6}Li.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Generalized global symmetries of T[ M ] theories. Part I

We study reductions of 6d theories on a d-dimensional manifold Md, focusing on the interplay between symmetries, anomalies, and dynamics of the resulting (6 – d)-dimensional theory T[M d ]. We refine and generalize the notion of “polarization” to polarization on Md, which serves to fix the spectrum of local and extended operators in T[M d ]. Another important feature of theories T[M d ] is that they often possess higher-group symmetries, such as 2-group and 3-group symmetries. We study the origin of such symmetries as well as physical implications including symmetry breaking and symmetry enhancement in the renormalization group flow. To better probe the IR physics, we also investigate the ’t Hooft anomaly of 5d Chern-Simons matter theories. The present paper focuses on developing the general framework as well as the special case of d = 0 and 1, while an upcoming paper will discuss the case of d = 2, 3 and 4.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Supersymmetric type-III seesaw mechanism: Lepton flavor violating decays and dark matter

We study a supersymmetric version of the seesaw mechanism type III. The model consists of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model particle content plus three copies of 24 superfields. The fermionic part of the SU(2) triplet contained in the 24 is responsible for the type-III seesaw, which is used to explain the observed neutrino masses and mixings. Complete copies of 24 are introduced to maintain gauge coupling unification. These additional states change the beta functions of the gauge couplings above the seesaw scale. Using minimal Supergravity boundary conditions, we calculate the resulting supersymmetric mass spectra at the electroweak scale using full 2-loop renormalization group equations. We show that the resulting spectrum can be quite different compared to the usual minimal Supergravity spectrum. We discuss how this might be used to obtain information on the seesaw scale from mass measurements. Constraints on the model space due to limits on lepton flavour violating decays are discussed. The main constraints come from the bounds on {mu}{yields}e{gamma} but there are also regions where the decay {tau}{yields}{mu}{gamma} gives stronger constraints. We also calculate the regions allowed by the dark matter constraint. For the sake of completeness, we compare our results with those for the supersymmetric seesaw type II and, to some extent, with type I.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Solving The Long-Standing Problem Of Nuclear Reactions At The Highest Microscopic Level: Annual Continuation And Progress Report

The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive framework that will lead to a fundamental description of both structural properties and reactions of light nuclei in terms of constituent protons and neutrons interacting through nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-­nucleon (NNN) forces. This project will provide the research community with the theoretical and computational tools that will enable: (1) an accurate prediction for fusion reactions that power stars and Earth-­based fusion facilities; (2) an improved description of the spectroscopy of exotic nuclei, including light Borromean systems; and (3) a fundamental understanding of the three-­nucleon force in nuclear reactions and nuclei at the drip line. To achieve this goal, we build upon a promising technique emerged recently as a candidate to reach a fundamental description of low-­energy binary reactions between light ions, that is the ab initio no-­core shell model combined with the resonating-­group method (NCSM/RGM). This approach has demonstrated the capability to describe binary reactions below the three-­body breakup threshold based, up to now, on similarity-­renormalization-­group (SRG) 5 evolved NN only potentials. To advance the understanding of nuclear reactions at low energies and light exotic nuclei, this project aims at extending the NCSM/RGM approach to include the full range of NNN interactions as well as the treatment of three-­cluster bound and continuum states. Three-­nucleon interactions are unavoidable components of a fundamental nuclear Hamiltonian obtained in a low-­energy effective theory. In addition, three-­nucleon force terms are induced by the SRG procedure and have to be taken into account for such a transformation to be unitary in many-­body calculations. At the same time, the introduction of three-­body cluster states is key to achieve a microscopic description of Borromean systems as well as three-­body breakup reactions. This project will both enhance the fundamentality and enlarge the scope of our microscopic description of nuclear properties. A successful completion of this project will result in improved accuracy of the 3 He( 3 He,2p) 4 He and 3 He(α,γ) 7 Be reaction rates and consequently, in enhancement of the predictive capability of the standard solar model. In addition, we will study also the mirror reactions 3 H( 3 H,2n) 4 He and 3 H(α,γ) 7 Li (a key reaction for the production of 7 Li in the standard big-­bang nucleosynthesis), and the spectroscopy of the 6 He, 6 Be, and 11 Li nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The signed permutation group on Feynman graphs

The Feynman rules assign to every graph an integral which can be written as a function of a scaling parameter L. Assuming L for the process under consideration is very small, so that contributions to the renormalization group are small, we can expand the integral and only consider the lowest orders in the scaling. The aim of this article is to determine specific combinations of graphs in a scalar quantum field theory that lead to a remarkable simplification of the first non-trivial term in the perturbation series. It will be seen that the result is independent of the renormalization scheme and the scattering angles. To achieve that goal we will utilize the parametric representation of scalar Feynman integrals as well as the Hopf algebraic structure of the Feynman graphs under consideration. Moreover, we will present a formula which reduces the effort of determining the first-order term in the perturbation series for the specific combination of graphs to a minimum.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Introduction to multifractional spacetimes

We informally review the construction of spacetime geometries with multifractal and, more generally, multiscale properties. Based on fractional calculus, these continuous spacetimes have their dimension changing with the scale; they display discrete symmetries in the ultraviolet and ordinary Poincare symmetries in the infrared. Under certain reasonable assumptions, field theories (including gravity) on multifractional geometries are generally argued to be perturbatively renormalizable. We also sketch the relation with other field theories of quantum gravity based on the renormalization group.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Non-linear matter power spectrum from Time Renormalisation Group: efficient computation and comparison with one-loop

We address the issue of computing the non-linear matter power spectrum on mildly non-linear scales with efficient semi-analytic methods. We implemented M. Pietroni's Time Renormalization Group (TRG) method and its Dynamical 1-Loop (D1L) limit in a numerical module for the new Boltzmann code CLASS. Our publicly released module is valid for ΛCDM models, and optimized in such a way to run in less than a minute for D1L, or in one hour (divided by number of nodes) for TRG. A careful comparison of the D1L, TRG and Standard 1-Loop approaches reveals that results depend crucially on the assumed initial bispectrum at high redshift. When starting from a common assumption, the three methods give roughly the same results, showing that the partial resumation of diagrams beyond one loop in the TRG method improves one-loop results by a negligible amount. A comparison with highly accurate simulations by M. Sato and T. Matsubara shows that all three methods tend to over-predict non-linear corrections by the same amount on small wavelengths. Percent precision is achieved until k ∼ 0.2 hMpc{sup −1} for z ≥ 2, or until k ∼ 0.14 hMpc{sup −1} at z = 1.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Renormalization of a finite-range inverse-cube potential

We study the regularization and renormalization of a finite-range inverse-cube potential in the two- and three-body sectors. Specifically, we compare and contrast three different regulation schemes frequently used to study few-body systems as well as the associated renormalization group (RG) flows. We also calculate bound-state and scattering observables over a wide range of cutoffs, demonstrating the sufficiency of a two-body contact interaction to renormalize two- and three-body observables. Here, we supplement these plots with quantified analyses of the observables' residual cutoff dependences.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Ab initio many-body calculations of nucleon scattering on {sup 4}He, {sup 7}Li, {sup 7}Be, {sup 12}C, and {sup 16}O

We combine a recently developed ab initio many-body approach capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states, the ab initio no-core shell model/resonating-group method (NCSM/RGM), with an importance-truncation scheme for the cluster eigenstate basis and demonstrate its applicability to nuclei with mass numbers as high as 17. By using soft similarity renormalization-group-evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions, we first calculate nucleon-{sup 4}He phase shifts, cross sections, and analyzing powers. Next, we investigate nucleon scattering on {sup 7}Li, {sup 7}Be, {sup 12}C, and {sup 16}O in coupled-channel NCSM/RGM calculations that include low-lying excited states of these nuclei. We check the convergence of phase shifts with the basis size and study A=8,13, and 17 bound and unbound states. Our calculations predict low-lying resonances in {sup 8}Li and {sup 8}B that have not been experimentally clearly identified yet. We are able to reproduce reasonably well the structure of the A=13 low-lying states. However, we find that A=17 states cannot be described without an improved treatment of {sup 16}O one-particle-one-hole excitations and {alpha} clustering.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Black holes in an asymptotically safe gravity theory with higher derivatives

We present a class of spherically symmetric vacuum solutions to an asymptotically safe theory of gravity containing high-derivative terms. We find quantum corrected Schwarzschild-(anti)-de Sitter solutions with running gravitational coupling parameters. The evolution of the couplings is determined by their corresponding renormalization group flow equations. These black holes exhibit properties of a classical Schwarzschild solution at large length scales. At the center, the metric factor remains smooth but the curvature singularity, while softened by the quantum corrections, persists. The solutions have an outer event horizon and an inner Cauchy horizon which equate when the physical mass decreases to a critical value. Super-extremal solutions with masses below the critical value correspond to naked singularities. The Hawking temperature of the black hole vanishes when the physical mass reaches the critical value. Hence, the black holes in the asymptotically safe gravitational theory never completely evaporate. For appropriate values of the parameters such stable black hole remnants make excellent dark matter candidates.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Signatures of the attractive interaction in spin spectra of one-dimensional cuprate chains

Identifying the minimal model for cuprates is crucial for explaining the high- T c pairing mechanism. Recent photoemission experiments have suggested a significant near-neighbor attractive interaction V in cuprate chains, favoring pairing instability. To determine its strength, we systematically investigate the dynamical spin structure factors S ( q , ω ) using the density matrix renormalization group. Our analysis quantitatively reveals a notable softening in the two-spinon continuum, particularly evident in the intense spectrum at large momentum. This softening is primarily driven by the renormalization of the superexchange interaction, as determined by a comparison with the slave-boson theory. We also demonstrate the feasibility of detecting this spectral shift in thin-film samples using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Therefore, this provides a distinctive fingerprint for the attractive interaction, motivating future experiments to unveil essential ingredients in cuprates. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Shen, Zecheng↗
DOE OSTI2017

Higher dimensional curved domain walls on Kähler surfaces

In this paper we study some aspects of curved BPS-like domain walls in higher dimensional gravity theory coupled to scalars where the scalars span a complex Kähler surface with scalar potential turned on. Assuming that a fake superpotential has a special form which depends on Kähler potential and a holomorphic function, we prove that BPS-like equations have a local unique solution. Then, we analyze the vacuum structure of the theory including their stability using dynamical system and their existence in ultraviolet-infrared regions using renormalization group flow.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spontaneous breaking of finite group symmetries at all temperatures

We study conformal field theories with finite group symmetries with spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) phases which persist at all temperatures. We work with two \lambda \phi^4 λ ϕ 4 theories coupled through their mass terms. The two \lambda \phi^4 λ ϕ 4 theories are chosen to preserve either the cubic symmetry group, or the tetrahedral symmetry group. A one-loop calculation in the 4-\epsilon 4 − ϵ expansion shows that there exist infinitely many fixed points that can host an all temperature SSB phase. An analysis of the renormalization group (RG) stability matrix of these fixed points, reveals that their spectrum contains at least three relevant operators. In other words, these fixed points are tetracritical points.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Portal matter models of kinetic mixing with two light dark gauge bosons

The kinetic mixing (KM) portal mandates the existence of at least one new gauge boson, the dark photon (DP) based on the group 𝑈⁢(1) 𝐷 , which mixes with the Standard Model (SM) photon via loops of other new heavy particles carrying both SM and dark charges called portal matter (PM). Arguments exist based on the renormalization group equations running of the 𝑈⁢(1) 𝐷 gauge coupling suggesting that at higher scales 𝑈⁢(1) 𝐷 becomes part of a more complex non-Abelian group, a simple example being just the SM-like 𝐺 𝐷 =𝑆⁢𝑈⁢(2)𝐼 ×𝑈⁢(1) 𝑌 𝐼 . In our past analyses, it was always assumed that 𝐺 𝐷 broke in a SM-like manner directly to the DP’s 𝑈⁢(1) 𝐷 which then subsequently broke at low energies ≲1 GeV. However, this need not be the case, and 𝐺 𝐷 can instead break to 𝑈⁢(1) 𝑇 3⁢𝐼 ×𝑈⁢(1) 𝑌 𝐼 , with 𝑇 3⁢𝐼 being the diagonal generator of 𝑆⁢𝑈⁢(2) 𝐼 , now producing two light gauge bosons which obtain masses at the ≲1 GeV scale. In this paper, we explore the phenomenology of a very simple realization of this kind of alternative setup employing non-Abelian KM and having a minimal, leptonlike PM sector, demonstrating its distinctive nature in comparison to the previously examined symmetry breaking path. The effects of interference between these gauge bosons on thermal dark matter annihilation, the production of new heavy gauge, and Higgs and PM states at colliders, as well as the corresponding signatures for the light dark gauge bosons are examined. Collider signatures of this setup are found to be particularly challenging.

extensions of Higgs sector↗
DOE OSTI2023

Advanced Electronic Structure Theories for Strongly Correlated Ground and Excited States

The aim of this project was to create widely applicable, numerically robust, and systematically improvable multireference theories based on the Driven Similarity Renormalization Group (DSRG). The DSRG is a many-body formalism recently developed in our lab that maps a complex problem involving strongly and weakly interacting electrons to a simpler one in which a few electrons interact strongly via "renormalized" interactions. During this project, we focused our efforts on developing a multireference version of the DSRG (MR-DSRG) applicable to a wide range of problems in theoretical chemistry, including the computation of global ground and excited potential energy surfaces, spin-splittings in transition metal complexes and predicting the interaction of near-degenerate electronically excited states.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗