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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1990

The estimation of convective rainfall by area integrals. I - The theoretical and empirical basis. II - The height-area rainfall threshold (HART) method

A theory is developed which establishes the basis for the use of rainfall areas within present thresholds as a measure of either the instantaneous areawide rain rate of convective storms or the total volume of rain from an individual storm over its lifetime. The method is based upon the existence of a well-behaved pdf of rain rate either from the many storms at one instant or from a single storm during its life. The generality of the instantaneous areawide method was examined by applying it to quantitative radar data sets from the GARP Tropical Atlantic Experiment for South Africa, Texas, and Darwin (Australia). It is shown that the pdf's developed for each of these areas are consistent with the theory.

Rosenfeld, Daniel↗
NASA NTRS1989

Automatic analysis of stereoscopic GOES/GOES and GOES/NOAA image pairs for measurement of hurricane cloud top height and structure

Results are presented from a baseline study using an synthetic stereo image pair to test the Automatic Stereo Analysis (ASA) technique for reproducing cloud top structure. The ASA analysis, display, and calibration procedures are described. A GEO/LEO (GOES/NOAA AVHRR) image pair from Hurrican Allen in 1980 is used to illustrate the results that can be obtained using the ASA technique. Also, results are presented from applying the ASA technique to a GEO/GEO (GOES/GOES) image pair of Hurricane Gilbert in 1988.

Hasler, A. F.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A reconsideration of the effects of terminator ionopause height on the nightward ion transport at Venus

The ionopause altitude near the terminator is a crucial parameter for studies dealing with the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere of Venus. It is generally thought that, during high solar wind dynamic pressures (P(SW)) or during solar minimum conditions, the ionopause comes down to very low altitudes so that the dayside ionosphere is not able to supply sufficient plasma to maintain the observed nightside densities. However, there are a number of workable definitions of the ionopause. Near the terminator, the altitude of the ionopause differs considerably depending upon the definition. The ionopause deduced from the radio occultation experiment as well as the pressure ionopause can be significantly lower than the density ionopause deduced from the Langmuir probe at these locations. The latter refers to the altitude where the electron density falls to 100/cu cm. Using in situ data from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, it is shown that the density ionopause remains fairly high even for high P(SW) conditions. Simple quantitative estimates indicate that significant flow of plasma is still possible under these conditions. Thus, nightward transport of plasma during high P(SW) conditions may be more efficient than has been assumed so far. Since such conditions are more prevalent during solar cycle minimum, it is argued that transport may be relevant in the maintenance of nightside ionosphere at that time also.

Kar, J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Estimation of liquid water cloud height and fraction using simulated AMSU-A and MHS data

The rms retrieval errors in cloud top pressure for fully overcast conditions over both land and water surfaces are shown for AMSU-A oxygen channel pair 3 and 5 and MHS water vapor channel pair 4 and 5. For both pairs, the decrease of retrieval skill from high cloud is evident for almost all liquid water contents. For high cloud and medium cloud, the water vapor pair outperforms the oxygen pair. Retrieval accuracy is the best for high and middle clouds and degrades as the cloud top is lower in the atmosphere.

Huang, Hung-Lung↗