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At least 595 records · Page 33

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DOE OSTI2013

Observation of 3D defect mediated dust acoustic wave turbulence with fluctuating defects and amplitude hole filaments

We experimentally demonstrate the direct observation of defect mediated wave turbulence with fluctuating defects and low amplitude hole filaments, from a 3D self-excited plane dust acoustic wave in a dusty plasma by reducing dissipation. The waveform undulation is found to be the origin for the amplitude and the phase modulations of the local dust density oscillation, the broadening of the sharp peaks in the frequency spectrum, and the fluctuating defects. The corrugated wave crest surface also causes the observed high and low density patches in the transverse (xy) plane. Low oscillation amplitude spots (holes) share the same positions with the defects. Their trajectories in the xyt space appear in the form of chaotic filaments without long term predictability, through uncertain pair generation, propagation, and pair annihilation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2014

Response to “Comment on ‘Motion of a helical vortex filament in superfluid {sup 4}He under the extrinsic form of the local induction approximation”’ [Phys. Fluids 26, 019101 (2014)]

I agree with the authors regarding their comments on the Donnelly-Glaberson instability for such helical filaments as those obtained in my paper. I also find merit in their derivation of the quantum LIA (local induction approximation) in the manner of the LIA of Boffetta et al. However, I disagree with the primary criticisms of Hietala and Hänninen. In particular, though they suggest LIA and local nonlinear equation modes are not comparable since the former class of models contains superfluid friction parameters, note that since these parameters are small one may take them to zero and consider a qualitative comparison of the models (which is what was done in my paper). Second, while Hietala and Hänninen criticize certain assumptions made in my paper (and the paper of Shivamoggi where the model comes from) since the results break-down when Ak → ∞, note that in my paper I state that any deviations from the central axis along which the filament is aligned must be sufficiently bounded in variation. Therefore, it was already acknowledged that Ak(=|Φ{sub x}|) should be sufficiently bounded, precluding the Ak → ∞ case. I also show that, despite what Hietala and Hänninen claim, the dispersion relation obtained in my paper is consistent with LIA, where applicable. Finally, while Hietala and Hänninen claim that the dispersion parameter should be complex valued, I show that their dispersion relation is wrong, since it was derived incorrectly (they assume the complex modulus of the potential function is constant, yet then use this to obtain a potential function with non-constant modulus)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2014

Metallic filament formation by aligned oxygen vacancies in ZnO-based resistive switches

The electronic structure of ZnO with defects of oxygen vacancies were investigated by using first-principles methods. Some structure models were constructed in order to investigate the effects of the distribution of oxygen vacancies on the electronic properties of ZnO. By analyzing the calculated results, we found that only the aligned oxygen vacancies can form the conducting channel in ZnO, and the transformation of the oxygen vacancy from charged state to neutral state is consistent with the energetics rule of the forming aligned oxygen vacancies. As for the heterojunction of Pt/ZnO/Pt, the oxygen vacancies near the interface of Pt/ZnO depress the local Schottky barrier effectively, and the aligned oxygen vacancies in ZnO form a conducting filament connecting two Pt electrodes. The metallic filament formation in Pt/ZnO/Pt resistive switching cells should be closely related to the carrier injection from Pt electrode into ZnO and the arrangement of oxygen vacancies in ZnO slab.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Origin of graphitic filaments on improving the electron field emission properties of negative bias-enhanced grown ultrananocrystalline diamond films in CH{sub 4}/Ar plasma

Microstructural evolution of bias-enhanced grown (BEG) ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films has been investigated using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in gas mixtures of CH{sub 4} and Ar under different negative bias voltages ranging from −50 to −200 V. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, growth rate, and chemical bonding of the synthesized films. Transmission electron microscopic investigation reveals that the application of bias voltage induced the formation of the nanographitic filaments in the grain boundaries of the films, in addition to the reduction of the size of diamond grains to ultra-nanosized granular structured grains. For BEG-UNCD films under −200 V, the electron field emission (EFE) process can be turned on at a field as small as 4.08 V/μm, attaining a EFE current density as large as 3.19 mA/cm{sup 2} at an applied field of 8.64 V/μm. But the films grown without bias (0 V) have mostly amorphous carbon phases in the grain boundaries, possessing poorer EFE than those of the films grown using bias. Consequently, the induction of nanographitic filaments in grain boundaries of UNCD films grown in CH{sub 4}/Ar plasma due to large applied bias voltage of −200 V is the prime factor, which possibly forms interconnected paths for facilitating the transport of electrons that markedly enhance the EFE properties.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2015

White-light-induced disruption of nanoscale conducting filament in hafnia

Nanoscale conducting filament, which forms the basis of the HfO{sub 2} resistive memory, is shown to exhibit a “negative photoconductivity” behavior, in that, electrical conduction through it can be disrupted upon white-light illumination. This behavior should be contrasted against the positive photoconductivity behavior commonly exhibited by oxides or perovskites having narrower bandgaps. The negative photoconductivity effect may be explained in terms of a photon-induced excitation of surrounding oxygen ions, which leads to migration and subsequent recombination with vacancies in the conducting filament. The finding suggests possible electrical-cum-optical applications for HfO{sub 2}-based devices, whose functionality is limited to-date by electrical stimulation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2015

Merging and energy exchange between optical filaments

We investigate nonlinear interaction between collinear femtosecond laser pulses with power slightly above the critical for self-focusing P{sub cr} trough the processes of cross-phase modulation (CPM) and degenerate four-photon parametric mixing (FPPM). When there is no initial phase difference between the pulses we observe attraction between pulses due to CPM. The final result is merging between the pulses in a single filament with higher power. By method of moments it is found that the attraction depends on the distance between the pulses and has potential character. In the second case we study energy exchange between filaments. This process is described through FPPM scheme and requests initial phase difference between the waves.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2016

Low-power resistive random access memory by confining the formation of conducting filaments

Owing to their small physical size and low power consumption, resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices are potential for future memory and logic applications in microelectronics. In this study, a new resistive switching material structure, TiO{sub x}/silver nanoparticles/TiO{sub x}/AlTiO{sub x}, fabricated between the fluorine-doped tin oxide bottom electrode and the indium tin oxide top electrode is demonstrated. The device exhibits excellent memory performances, such as low operation voltage (<±1 V), low operation power, small variation in resistance, reliable data retention, and a large memory window. The current-voltage measurement shows that the conducting mechanism in the device at the high resistance state is via electron hopping between oxygen vacancies in the resistive switching material. When the device is switched to the low resistance state, conducting filaments are formed in the resistive switching material as a result of accumulation of oxygen vacancies. The bottom AlTiO{sub x} layer in the device structure limits the formation of conducting filaments; therefore, the current and power consumption of device operation are significantly reduced.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2016

Thermodynamic analysis of conductive filaments

We present a thermodynamic theory of the conductive filament growth and dissolution in random access memory describing the observed features of their current-voltage (IV) characteristics. Our theory is based on the self-consisted Fokker-Planck approach reducing the filament kinetics to its thermodynamics. Expressing the observed IV features through material parameters, our results pave a way to device improvements.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2015

Visible supercontinuum radiation of light bullets in the femtosecond filamentation of IR pulses in fused silica

We report experimental and theoretical investigations of visible supercontinuum generation in the formation of light bullets in a filament produced by IR pulses. In the filamentation of a 1700 – 2200 nm pulse in fused silica, bright tracks are recorded resulting from the recombination glow of carriers in the laser plasma produced by a sequence of light bullets and from the scattering in silica of the visible supercontinuum generated by the light bullets. It is found that the formation of a light bullet is attended with an outburst of a certain portion of supercontinuum energy in the visible range. The energy outburst is the same for all bullets in the sequence and becomes smaller with increasing pulse wavelength. (extreme light fields and their applications)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2016

Microstructure of the multiple-filamentation zone formed by femtosecond laser radiation in a solid dielectric

The regularities of multiple filamentation of gigawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a solid dielectric (optical glass) have been considered. The fine spatial structure of the plasma region that is formed under glass photoionisation and accompanies the formation of light filaments is analysed experimentally and by means of numerical simulation. The dependence of the number, position, and extension of individual 'generations' of plasma channels on the laser pulse energy has been investigated for the first time. It is found that the distribution of the number of plasma channels over the length of a dielectric sample has a maximum, the position of which correlates well with the position of the nonlinear focus of the light beam as a whole; at the same time, the average channel length decreases with increasing pulse power, whereas the number of successive channel 'generations', on the contrary, increases. (interaction of laser radiation with matter. laser plasma)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2017

Supercontinuum spectrum upon filamentation of laser pulses under conditions of strong and weak anomalous group velocity dispersion in transparent dielectrics

Using experiment and numerical simulation, we study the effect of anomalous group velocity dispersion (AGVD) on the formation of a visible supercontinuum band and light bullets arising in the course of filamentation of mid-IR femtosecond pulses in fused silica and fluorides. It is found that the anti-Stokes shift of the visible band increases with increasing energy of the pulse, the centre wavelength of which lies in the region of weak AGVD, and does not depend on this energy in the region of strong AGVD. A criterion is introduced for assessment of the AGVD ‘strength’, at which the stable visible supercontinuum band accompanies the formation of a robust light bullet in the mid-IR filament. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2017

Regularities of femtosecond filamentation in the case of superposition of Gaussian and annular laser beams

The self-action of high-power femtosecond laser beams with a radiation wavelength of 800 nm (formed by superposition of Gaussian and annular beams) in air is theoretically modelled. A detailed analysis of self-focusing and filamentation of this radiation is performed based on the numerical solution of the spectral equation of the unidirectional propagation of a wave packet with allowance for the nonlinearity of the medium, and by tracing averaged diffraction-optical rays. It is shown that, in terms of the diffraction-beam optics, the outer annulus forms a waveguide, which facilitates self-trapping of the central part of the combined beam, supplying the light energy to the filament. The spatial stability of this waveguide depends on the energy stored in the annulus and on the distance from the latter to the beam axis.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2018

Chaotic vortex filaments in a Bose – Einstein condensate and in superfluid helium

A statement of the quantum turbulence problem in both a Bose – Einstein condensate (BEC) and superfluid helium is formulated. In superfluid helium use is made of a so-called vortex filament method, in which quantum vortices are represented by string-like objects, i.e. vortex lines. The dynamics of the vortex lines is determined by deterministic equations of motion, supplemented by random reconnections. Unlike He II, the laws of the dynamics of quantum vortices in BEC are based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This makes it possible to obtain a microscopic description of the collision of vortices, the structure of a vortex filament, etc. A comparative analysis of these complementary approaches is carried out. It is shown that there are some features that do not automatically transfer the results obtained for BEC to vortices in He II and vice versa. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2019

Study of spectral and temporal parameters of superradiance on molecular nitrogen ions in air filament

We report the results of a high temporal resolution study on the formation of superradiance (SR) in plasma on the first negative system of molecular nitrogen ions in plasma of an air filament. The filament is formed by a femtosecond laser pulse with a wavelength of λ = 950 nm. For the first time, the actual SR pulse duration at λ = 428 nm is measured, which constitutes 1.15 ps (FWHM). According to measurements of a spectral width equal to 0.26 nm, this pulse duration is close to transform-limited (1 ps). It is shown that there is a delay by 6 ps in the SR pulse maximum relative to the pump. (paper)

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Operando characterization of conductive filaments during resistive switching in Mott VO 2

Significance To perform hardware-based neuromorphic computing, novel materials exhibiting a wide variety of electronic properties are currently being explored. VO 2 is well known to exhibit an insulator-to-metal transition as well as volatile resistive switching. Many questions regarding the basic mechanism of the nonvolatile switching in this material are unanswered. In this work, the formation and relaxation of conductive filaments through nonvolatile resistive switching in VO 2 devices have been realized. The V 5 O 9 Magnéli phase conductive filament has been identified. Our results demonstrate that both resistive switching behaviors can be achieved in a single material, crucial for future technology like resistive switching memories or neuromorphic logic.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2013

AN INTERACTING GALAXY SYSTEM ALONG A FILAMENT IN A VOID

Cosmological voids provide a unique environment for the study of galaxy formation and evolution. The galaxy population in their interiors has properties significantly different from average field galaxies. As part of our Void Galaxy Survey (VGS), we have found a system of three interacting galaxies (VGS{sub 3}1) inside a large void. VGS{sub 3}1 is a small elongated group whose members are embedded in a common H I envelope. The H I picture suggests a filamentary structure with accretion of intergalactic cold gas from the filament onto the galaxies. We present deep optical and narrowband H{alpha} data, optical spectroscopy, near-UV, and far-UV Galaxy Evolution Explorer and CO(1-0) data. We find that one of the galaxies, a Markarian object, has a ring-like structure and a tail evident both in optical and H I. While all three galaxies form stars in their central parts, the tail and the ring of the Markarian object are devoid of star formation. We discuss these findings in terms of a gravitational interaction and ongoing growth of galaxies out of a filament. VGS{sub 3}1 is one of the first observed examples of a filamentary structure in a void. It is an important prototype for understanding the formation of substructure in a void. This system also shows that the galaxy evolution in voids can be as dynamic as in high-density environments.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2014

Clusters, groups, and filaments in the Chandra deep field-south up to redshift 1

We present a comprehensive structure detection analysis of the 0.3 deg{sup 2} area of the MUSYC-ACES field, which covers the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDFS). Using a density-based clustering algorithm on the MUSYC and ACES photometric and spectroscopic catalogs, we find 62 overdense regions up to redshifts of 1, including clusters, groups, and filaments. We also present the detection of a relatively small void of ∼10 Mpc{sup 2} at z ∼ 0.53. All structures are confirmed using the DBSCAN method, including the detection of nine structures previously reported in the literature. We present a catalog of all structures present, including their central position, mean redshift, velocity dispersions, and classification based on their morphological and spectroscopic distributions. In particular, we find 13 galaxy clusters and 6 large groups/small clusters. Comparison of these massive structures with published XMM-Newton imaging (where available) shows that 80% of these structures are associated with diffuse, soft-band (0.4-1 keV) X-ray emission, including 90% of all objects classified as clusters. The presence of soft-band X-ray emission in these massive structures (M {sub 200} ≥ 4.9 × 10{sup 13} M {sub ☉}) provides a strong independent confirmation of our methodology and classification scheme. In the closest two clusters identified (z < 0.13) high-quality optical imaging from the Deep2c field of the Garching-Bonn Deep Survey reveals the cD galaxies and demonstrates that they sit at the center of the detected X-ray emission. Nearly 60% of the clusters, groups, and filaments are detected in the known enhanced density regions of the CDFS at z ≅ 0.13, 0.52, 0.68, and 0.73. Additionally, all of the clusters, bar the most distant, are found in these overdense redshift regions. Many of the clusters and groups exhibit signs of ongoing formation seen in their velocity distributions, position within the detected cosmic web, and in one case through the presence of tidally disrupted central galaxies exhibiting trails of stars. These results all provide strong support for hierarchical structure formation up to redshifts of 1.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2013

UNUSUAL FILAMENTS INSIDE THE UMBRA

We analyze several unusual filamentary structures which appeared in the umbra of one of the sunspots in AR 11302. They do not resemble typical light bridges in morphology or in evolution. We analyze data from SDO/HMI to investigate their temporal evolution, Hinode/SP for photospheric inversions, IBIS for chromospheric imaging, and SDO/AIA for the overlying corona. Photospheric inversions reveal a horizontal, inverse Evershed flow along these structures, which we call umbral filaments. Chromospheric images show brightenings and energy dissipation, while coronal images indicate that bright coronal loops seem to end in these umbral filaments. These rapidly evolving features do not seem to be common, and are possibly related to the high flare-productivity of the active region. Their analysis could help to understand the complex evolution of active regions.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗