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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Utah FORGE 5-2419: Temperature Testing of Proppants for EGS and Stimulation of Electromagnetic Fracture Mapping Using Electrically-Conducive Proppants - 2024 Annual Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Temperature Testing of Proppants for EGS and Stimulation of Electromagnetic Fracture Mapping Using Electrically-Conducive Proppants by Stevens Institute of Technology, presented by Cheng Chen. This video slide presentation discusses well controlled laboratory experiments testing the high-temperature performance of electrically-conductive and non-electrically-conductive proppants in maintaining fractures hydraulic and electrical conductivities to understand and quantify the thermal-hydrologic-mechanical-chemical mechanisms that regulate the observed behaviors. This will be tested using proppant/fracture imaging via borehole electromagnetic measurements. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on August 15, 2024.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of the Electromagnetic Boom and MOP System (EMOP)

Several large-scale oil spills typically occur in the USA and other places around the world. Such events threaten the Great Lakes as well. The cleanup process is not necessarily efficient or environmentally safe. In addition, the remediation and recovery process is time consuming, expensive and can lead to harmful environmental effects. An innovative electromagnetic approach by Natural Science, LLC uses materials that are reusable, recoverable, and environmentally safe. When micron-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) particles are dispersed in oil on water, the particles form a unique and preferential bond with the oil due to a combination of forces, e.g. Van der Waals. Magnetic fields can then be used to manipulate, trap and remove the oil in an environmentally safe manner with high efficiency. In the case of oil spills on water, the water becomes the primary transport medium for manipulating the oil. Videos demonstrating the process will be shown. Both the particles and the oil are recaptured and separated for reuse. This process is being applied to electromagnetic systems that can replace and/or increase the efficiency of the passive boom and skimmer systems used today.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

One-to-one mapping between the electromagnetic modes of cylindrical and coaxial half-wave cavities

Design of radio frequency (RF) couplers and diagnostics require a good understanding of the electromagnetic mode patterns of RF cavities. This study investigates the adiabatic transformation of transverse magnetic (TM) modes in a cylindrical cavity into transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes of a coaxial cavity by gradually introducing an inner conductor. Using CST Studio Suite, we simulate the eigenmode evolution as the geometry transforms from a pure cylindrical to a coaxial configuration. We track the behavior of TM010 through TM014 modes to observe the continuous evolution into the corresponding TEM0 through TEM4 modes of the coaxial cavity. The process is governed by the evolution of the electric field orientation as the geometry shifts, enabling the axial TM fields to reorient into the radial electric field configuration of TEM modes. Field patterns, eigen-frequencies, and mode indentities are analyzed throughtout the transition. The results provide simulation-based evidence that TM to TEM conversion occurs without generation of newer eigenmodes, offering a valuable insight into the design of transition regions in superconducting RF (SRF) systems and provides a foundation for experimental validation.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2014

Numerical Methods of Computational Electromagnetics for Complex Inhomogeneous Systems

Understanding electromagnetic phenomena is the key in many scientific investigation and engineering designs such as solar cell designs, studying biological ion channels for diseases, and creating clean fusion energies, among other things. The objectives of the project are to develop high order numerical methods to simulate evanescent electromagnetic waves occurring in plasmon solar cells and biological ion-channels, where local field enhancement within random media in the former and long range electrostatic interactions in the latter are of major challenges for accurate and efficient numerical computations. We have accomplished these objectives by developing high order numerical methods for solving Maxwell equations such as high order finite element basis for discontinuous Galerkin methods, well-conditioned Nedelec edge element method, divergence free finite element basis for MHD, and fast integral equation methods for layered media. These methods can be used to model the complex local field enhancement in plasmon solar cells. On the other hand, to treat long range electrostatic interaction in ion channels, we have developed image charge based method for a hybrid model in combining atomistic electrostatics and continuum Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatics. Such a hybrid model will speed up the molecular dynamics simulation of transport in biological ion-channels.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

On the Numerical Dispersion of Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell Code : Finite Grid Instability

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used in relativistic particle beam and laser plasma modeling. However, the PIC method exhibits numerical instabilities that can render unphysical simulation results or even destroy the simulation. For electromagnetic relativistic beam and plasma modeling, the most relevant numerical instabilities are the finite grid instability and the numerical Cherenkov instability. We review the numerical dispersion relation of the electromagnetic PIC algorithm to analyze the origin of these instabilities. We rigorously derive the faithful 3D numerical dispersion of the PIC algorithm, and then specialize to the Yee FDTD scheme. In particular, we account for the manner in which the PIC algorithm updates and samples the fields and distribution function. Temporal and spatial phase factors from solving Maxwell's equations on the Yee grid with the leapfrog scheme are also explicitly accounted for. Numerical solutions to the electrostatic-like modes in the 1D dispersion relation for a cold drifting plasma are obtained for parameters of interest. In the succeeding analysis, we investigate how the finite grid instability arises from the interaction of the numerical 1D modes admitted in the system and their aliases. The most significant interaction is due critically to the correct representation of the operators in the dispersion relation. We obtain a simple analytic expression for the peak growth rate due to this interaction.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic High Frequency Axisymmetric Cavity Scars

This report examines the localization of high frequency electromagnetic fields in three-dimensional axisymmetric cavities along periodic paths between opposing sides of the cavity. The cases where these orbits lead to unstable localized modes are known as scars. This report treats both the case where the opposing sides, or mirrors, are convex, where there are no interior foci, and the case where they are concave, leading to interior foci. The scalar problem is treated first but the approximations required to treat the vector field components are also examined. Particular attention is focused on the normalization through the electromagnetic energy theorem. Both projections of the field along the scarred orbit as well as point statistics are examined. Statistical comparisons are made with a numerical calculation of the scars run with an axisymmetric simulation. This axisymmetric case forms the opposite extreme (where the two mirror radii at each end of the ray orbit are equal) from the two-dimensional solution examined previously (where one mirror radius is vastly different from the other). The enhancement of the field on the orbit axis can be larger here than in the two-dimensional case.

Warne, Larry Kevin↗
DOE OSTI2014

Report on INT Program 14-3. Heavy Flavor and Electromagnetic Probes

The Institute for Nuclear Theory program, Heavy Flavor and Electromagnetic Probes in Heavy-Ion Collisions (INT 14-3), was held 15 September to 10 October 2014. In addition to the four organizers: Ramona Vogt (LLNL and UC Davis), Peter Petreczky (BNL), Anthony Frawley (Florida State), and Enrico Scomparin (INFN Torino), the program was attended by 34 other participants spread out over the four week period. Almost all participants were recognized experts in the field and were invited to take part. Eight of the participants were postdocs and five were women. There are two main thrusts to the study of heavy quarks and quarkonia in heavy-ion physics: “hot matter” (effects specific to the high temperature medium produced in heavy-ion or nucleus-nucleus collisions) and “cold nuclear matter” (effects that are present already in proton-nucleus collisions and are a baseline against which hot matter effects must be compared) as well as production of the heavy quarks and quarkonium (bound states of heavy quark-antiquark pairs) in perturbative QCD. Unfortunately, due to last minute cancellations the topic of electromagnetic probes was underrep- resented. While some of these involved unforeseen personal issues, others were related to the QCD town meeting that coincided with the first week of the program and to the beginning of classes at some universities. The program was structured so that the first two weeks were generally devoted to hot matter, especially lattice QCD. The second half was devoted to issues related to production and cold matter effects. An intense 2.5 day workshop, from 29 September to 1 October, with participants from both areas, bridged the two halves of the program. Aside from the workshop days, the program consisted of one to two talks of at least an hour in the morn- ing with time in the afternoon available for work, group discussion, and/or smaller collaborative discussions. Although a theory program, experimentalists attended throughout, giving talks on recent data and future facilities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Jet and electromagnetic tomography (JET) of extreme phases of matter in heavy-ion collisions

The Ohio State University (OSU) group contributed to the deliverables of the JET Collaboration three major products: 1. The code package iEBE-VISHNU for modeling the dynamical evolution of the soft medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, from its creation all the way to final freeze-out using a hybrid approach that interfaces a free-streaming partonic pre-equilbrium stage with a (2+1)-dimensional viscous relativistic fluid dynamical stage for the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase and the microscopic hadron cascade UrQMD for the hadronic rescattering and freeze-out stage. Except for UrQMD, all dynamical evolution components and interfaces were developed at OSU and tested and implemented in collaboration with the Duke University group. 2. An electromagnetic radiation module for the calculation of thermal photon emission from the QGP and hadron resonance gas stages of a heavy-ion collision, with emission rates that have been corrected for viscous effects in the expanding medium consistent with the bulk evolution. The electromagnetic radiation module was developed under OSU leadership in collaboration with the McGill group and has been integrated in the iEBE-VISHNU code package. 3. An interface between the Monte Carlo jet shower evolution and hadronization codes developed by the Wayne State University (WSU), McGill and Texas A&M groups and the iEBE-VISHNU bulk evolution code, for performing jet quenching and jet shape modification studies in a realistically modeled evolving medium that was tuned to measured soft hadron data. Building on work performed at OSU for the theoretical framework used to describe the interaction of jets with the medium, initial work on the jet shower Monte Carlo was started at OSU and moved to WSU when OSU Visiting Assistant Professor Abhijit Majumder accepted a tenure track faculty position at WSU in September 2011. The jet-hydro interface was developed at OSU and WSU and tested and implemented in collaboration with the McGill, Texas A&M, and LBNL groups.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Task 4 - EMI/RFI Issues Potentially Impacting Electromagnetic Compatibility of I&C Systems (NRCHQ6014D0015)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) regulations in Part 50, “Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities,” of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) state that structures, systems, and components important to safety in a nuclear power plant are to be designed to accommodate the effects of environmental conditions (i.e., remain functional under all postulated service conditions) and that design control measures such as testing are to be used to check the adequacy of design. Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.180 was developed to provide guidance to licensees and applicants on methods acceptable to the NRC staff for complying with the NRC’s regulations on design, installation, and testing practices for addressing the effects of electromagnetic and radio-frequency interference (EMI/RFI) and power surges on safety-related instrumentation and control (I&C) systems. The first revision of RG 1.180 was issued in January 2000 and a second revision was issued in October 2003*. The second revision differed from the first revision in endorsing Military Standard (MIL-STD)-461E and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard (Std) 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods, extending the guidance to cover signal line testing, incorporating frequency ranges where portable communications devices are experiencing increasing use, and relaxing the operating envelopes (test levels) when experience and confirmatory research warranted. It also offered exemptions from specific test criteria based on technical considerations such as plant conditions and the intended location of the safety-related I&C equipment. Since the last revision, new requirements have been identified, associated RGs have been created and updated, and additional industry guidance has been developed. Additionally, the operational environment has changed with the increase in wireless communication technology for both personal (smartphone) and industrial (remote I&C) purposes. Also, specific concerns and issues with testing methods and methodologies have been identified that must be addressed. Further, most of the standards that serve as the basis for the RG have been revised. Therefore, the NRC’s Office of Regulatory Research has contracted with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to incorporate new information and resolve the identified issues under NRC-HQ-60-14-D-0015, “Update to RG 1.180, Revision 2, Guidelines for Evaluating Electromagnetic and Radio-Frequency Interference in Safety-Related Instrumentation and Control Systems.” The ultimate goal of this project is to provide NRC the technical basis for developing and publishing a new revision of the RG. The focus of Task 4 was for ORNL to identify and address any new or additional EMI/RFI issues that could potentially impact the EMC of I&C systems. More specifically, ORNL was to evaluate the impact of any new issue on safety equipment in their local environments and then determine whether the issues should be included and discussed in the revision to RG 1.180 that is currently under way.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Electromagnetic Shower from Cosmic Muons in NOvA Detector

NO$\nu$A (NuMI Off-Axis $\nu_e$ Appearance) experiment is a neutrino $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ oscillation experiment with a baseline of 810 km. The signature for a $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ oscillation in the far detector is the production of an electromagnetic (EM) shower due to the charge current (CC) interaction of $\nu_e$ with the detector material. Cosmic muon induced electromagnetic showers can serve as a source of EM shower sample that can be used as a data-driven method for validating the EM shower modelling and EM shower identification algorithms at NO$\nu$A. The work reported in the thesis is the first ever implementation of cosmic muon induced EM shower for such a purpose in the NO$\nu$A experiment. We extracted EM shower sample from two sources - muon undergoing bremsstrahlung (Brem) and muon decay in flight to electron (DiF). Brem sample, extracted from cosmic muon, turns out to be a very useful data-driven method for testing EM shower modelling and the part icle identification (PID) algorithms for the detection of $\nu_e$-CC interactions. A new muon removal (MR) technique is developed and applied to remove the muon hits inside the bremsstrahlung shower. However, a complete removal of the muon energy in the event is not possible with high efficiency. DiF induced EM shower, on the other hand, is exactly similar to $\nu_e$-CC EM shower because DiF is a pure electron initiated EM shower. Therefore, DiF EM shower, once extracted, mimicks the shower of a $\nu_e$-CC interaction event. We present the extraction methods for both brem and DiF events in MC and cosmic data in far and near detector of NO$\nu$A and its use in data driven validation of $\nu_e$ EM shower modelling and $\nu_e$ signal selection efficiency across the detector. A systematic uncertainty is also assigned on $\nu_e$ appearance signal selection based on this study to take into account the difference in EM shower modelling in data and MC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Search for the Higgs and Physics Beyond the Standard Model with the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Experiment is a general purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Laboratory for Nuclear Research (CERN). The LHC is the world’s highest energy particle collider, providing proton-proton collisions up to a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The primary aim of the LHC and the CMS Experiment is to discover new physics at this high energy frontier. In 2012, the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC marked a crucial milestone in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and ushered in the beginning of a new era of exploration at the high energy frontier. Since this discovery, two key areas of study were the characterization of the new particle to confirm that it is, indeed, the predicted SM Higgs boson and also the examination of possible deviations from the SM that may hint at new physics. As a member of the CMS collaboration, the main interest of PI Orimoto has been the study of electromagnetic objects (electrons and photons) as a critical ingredient in the characterization of the Higgs boson, and as a window into physics beyond-the-SM (BSM). To this end, the Orimoto group has led numerous physics analyses ranging from SM Higgs boson studies, searches for exotic production and decay of the Higgs boson, as well as searches for supersymmetric particles. Moreover, the Orimoto group has made significant contributions to the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), the sub-detector responsible for the precise measurement of the energies of electrons and photons. The Orimoto group’s contributions have been recognized with many leadership roles and high profile conference presentations. This report outlines the group’s products and accomplishments from the award period (June 2013 through July 2018).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Diffusion Through Single And Double Layer Shields And Induced Voltages From Low Frequency Electromagnetic Environments

The diffusion through shells consisting of either a single conducting or double conducting layers are examined. Exterior drives resulting from Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), nearby (indirect) lightning, and DC (low frequency) magnetic fields are used. Both the interior field and the induced voltage from a maximally oriented and sized single turn loop are estimated. It is shown that the loop voltage with the empty cavity bounds the case where the center region is excluded by a conducting object. The cases of interior magnetic and electric fields from an exterior magnetic drive and the interior electric field from an exterior electric drive are both solved; the magnetic interior field from an exterior magnetic drive is the only case that results in a nonzero low frequency penetration.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Charged Wellbore Casing Controlled Source Electromagnetics (CWC-CSEM) for Reservoir Imaging and Monitoring (Final report)

This project addresses the needs of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop advanced monitoring technologies and protocols to track the fate of subsurface carbon dioxide (CO2) plumes for carbon storage. Specifically, the project seeks to develop and test a unique and novel system of technologies consisting of electromagnetic data acquisition, coupled multiphysics imaging, and reservoir model enhancement to understand the migration and long-term distribution of CO2 in the subsurface. The overarching objective is to develop an integrated approach for long term monitoring of carbon storage. The two main components of the project include the methodology development and the test of the method at a field site. The methodology component consists of 1) developing the field procedure and protocol for collecting time-lapse controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data with source electric current injected into the subsurface through wellbore casings; 2) building of background 3D electrical conductivity utilizing multiple sources of data such as supplemental surface transient EM (TEM) surveys, well-logs, and seismic structural information, for enhancing CSEM signal from reservoir depths; and 3) coupled multiphysics simulations and inversion of CSEM data constrained by production data and by structural information from seismic imaging of the reservoir and overlying formations. The testing component used the field site of Bell Creek Oil Field, which served both as a field laboratory for the method development as well as a test site to evaluate the CSEM signal strengths and the methodology developed in this research project. We have accomplished all the proposed tasks and developed the methodology as planned. These include the procedure for time-lapse CSEM data acquisition, data processing techniques, integration with 3D conductivity model building, fast reservoir simulation for history matching using machine learning, and interpreting CSEM data with coupling to the reservoir modeling. Collectively, the outcome of these tasks form a coherent workflow that can be applied to monitor dedicated carbon storage in saline reservoirs. The testing component evaluated the applicability and limitations of the method, and concluded that the method would be ideal for monitoring dedicated carbon storage sites utilizing saline reservoirs.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Devising a framework to Couple Electromagnetic Geophysical Measurements with Reservoir Simulations to Monitor CO2 Plume Movement

Monitoring CO2 plume movement and extent is critical to any CO2 utilization and storage (CCUS) project but can present significant challenges. Downhole measurements (such as cross-well seismic) can give the resolution needed to track the CO2 plume. That resolution comes at a significant expense in equipment and lost production time, and the resolution is only in the vicinity of that well. Surface seismic is less expensive but has decreasing resolution with depth and may not be sensitive to changes in the CO2 plume. Conversely, electrical conductivity has been shown to be correlated with changes in phase saturation associated with CCUS operations. A novel approach for subsurface monitoring that can be applied with minimal expense and operation disruption is charged wellbore casing controlled-source electromagnetics (CWC-CSEM). This technique injects electrical current into two legacy wells. Surface measurements of the induced electric and magnetic fields are obtained with distributed data loggers. Time-lapse measurements are sensitive to changes in CO2 plume movement, but inversion requires the application of prior knowledge from prior characterization efforts. We propose a methodology where simulations are used to inform CWC-CSEM inversion while simultaneously being validated. As such, uncertainty is reduced, and more robust flow models can be devised. A three-year study is underway at the Bell Creek Field in southeast Montana (DOE-NETL Project DE-FE0028320) to evaluate the effectiveness of CWC-CSEM on an active CO2-EOR operation. Determining the relationship between electrical resistivity and phase saturations, and coupling that to a reservoir model is the thrust of this project. Initially, the relative permeability/capillary pressure relationship and the compositional oil model were identified as model parameters with high uncertainty. To elucidate the impact of these uncertain parameters, simulations were run for ten years with a single five-spot pattern. Final water saturation distributions were converted into resistivity using Archie’s Law and available fluid sampling data to provide an exploration of the time lapse electromagnetic anomaly which can be anticipated using CWC-CSEM methods. This technique has promise as an inexpensive and accurate way to monitor CO2 injection in a CCUS site.

Moodie, Nathan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electromagnetic Pulse – Resilient Electric Grid for National Security: Research Program Executive Summary

Sandia National Laboratories sponsored a three-year internally funded Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) effort to investigate the vulnerabilities and mitigations of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) on the electric power grid. The research was focused on understanding the vulnerabilities and potential mitigations for components and systems at the high voltage transmission level. Results from the research included a broad array of subtopics, covered in twenty-three reports and papers, and which are highlighted in this executive summary report. These subtopics include high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) characterization, HEMP coupling analysis, system-wide effects, and mitigating technologies.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electromagnetic Field Simulation Utilizing VERTEX

The understanding of electromagnetic fields is essential for many core applications at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Electromagnetic fields play an important role in particle accelerators, antennas, electric motors, power grids, and are principal part of nuclear fusion. We develop a numerical solver called able to treat the Maxwell system utilizing ORNL's VERTEX framework.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electromagnetic Waves in Cold Plasmas

A collisionless fluid model of a plasma is presented and solved to first order in the cold, high frequency limit. From this model, a homogeneous system of linear equations is obtained for a harmonic electric field perturbation from which the Appleton-Hartree equation is derived. Moreover, the polarization states of electromagnetic waves in cold, collisionless plasmas are examined. Complete sets of equations governing the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in both non magnetized and magnetized plasmas are obtained. In solving the boundary problem, the Booker quartic is derived and the nature of its roots discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Covariant classical charged particle motion in a plane electromagnetic wave revisited

We revisit the covariant formulation of a charged particle’s motion under the influence of a plane electromagnetic wave in classical picture. In the first case, we reproduce Meyer’s result by solving relativistic equation of motion ignoring radiation reaction in vacuum assuming zero mass approximation or null vector case ($k^µk_µ = k^2 = 0$). Then, we extend this approach to include the medium effects as perturbations in the propagation of electromagnetic wave (i. e. $k^2 ≠ 0$) and explore the effects of these perturbations in mass shift of the particle.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗