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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1997

On the Relation between Stratospheric Chlorine/Bromine Loading and Short-Lived Tropospheric Source Gases

Current methods for estimating the concentrations of inorganic chlorine/bromine species Cl(y)/Br(y) in the stratosphere due to decomposition of tropospheric source gases assume that the Cl(y)/Br(y) concentration in the stratosphere is determined mainly by the balance between production from in situ oxidation of the source gases in the stratosphere and removal by transport of Cl(y)/Br(y) out of the stratosphere. The rationale being that for source gases whose lifetimes are of the order of several months or longer the concentration of Cl(y)/Br(y) in the troposphere is small because they are produced at a relatively slow rate and also removed efficiently by washout processes. As a result of the small concentration, the rate at which Cl(y)/Br(y) is transported to the stratosphere is expected to be small compared to the in situ stratospheric production. Thus the transport of Cl(y)/Br(y) from the troposphere contributes little to the stratospheric concentration. In contrast, the origin of stratospheric Cl(y)/Br(y) from reactive source gases with tropospheric lifetimes comparable to the washout lifetime of Cl(y)/Br(y) (of the order of 10-30 days) in the troposphere is distinctly different. The in situ source in the stratosphere is expected to be significantly smaller because only a small portion of the source gas is expected to survive the troposphere to be transported into this region. At the same time these short-lived source gases produce appreciable amounts of Cl(y)/Br(y) in the troposphere such that transport to the stratosphere offers a larger source for stratospheric Cl(y)/Br(y) than in situ production. Thus, for reactive source species, simple methods of estimating the concentration of stratospheric Cl(y)/Br(y) that ignore the tropospheric contribution will seriously underestimate the loading. Therefore estimation of the stratospheric Cl(y)/Br(y) loading requires not only measurements of tropospheric source gases but also measurements of Cl(y)/Br(y) at the tropopause. This paper illustrates the mechanism by using results from a two-dimensional chemistry-transport model. However, in view of the importance of tropospheric transport on stratospheric loading the detailed values should be further evaluated using a three-dimensional model with appropriate treatment of convective transport.

Ko, Malcolm K. W.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Zoledronate Prevents Simulated Weightlessness-Induced Bone Loss in the Cancellous Compartment While Blunting the Efficacy of a Mechanical Loading Countermeasure

Astronauts using high-force resistance training while weightless show a high-turnover remodeling state within the skeletal system, with resorption and formation biomarkers being elevated. One countermeasure for the skeletal health of astronauts includes an antiresorptive of the bisphosphonate (BP) drug class. We asked, does the combination of an anti-resorptive and high-force exercise during weightlessness have negative effects on bone remodeling and strength? In this study, we developed an integrated model to mimic the mechanical strain of exercise via cyclical loading (CL) in mice treated with the BP Zoledronate (ZOL) combined with hind limb unloading (HU) to simulate weightlessness. We hypothesized that ZOL prevents structural degradation from simulated weightlessness and that CL and ZOL interact to render CL less effective. Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice (male, 16 weeks old, n=8/group) were exposed to 3 weeks of either HU or normal ambulation (NA). Cohorts of mice received one subcutaneous injection of ZOL (45μg/kg), or saline vehicle (VEH), prior to the start of HU. The right tibia was axially compressed in vivo 60x/day to 9N (+1200μstrain on the periosteal surface) and repeated 3x/week during HU. Left tibiae served as a within subject, non-compressed control. Ex vivo μCT was performed on all subjects to determine cancellous and cortical architectural parameters. Static and dynamic histomorphometry were carried out for the left and right tibiae to determine osteoclast- and osteoblast relevant surfaces. Further, micro damage was assessed in select groups by basic-fuchsin staining to test whether CL had an effect. For all assays, a multivariate (2x2x2) ANCOVA model was used to account for body weight changes. Additionally, for the tibiae, we incorporated a random effect for the subject (hence, a mixed model) to account for observations of both left and right tibiae within each subject. P < 0.05 was considered significant. In the cancellous compartment of the proximal tibial metaphysis, we observed a main effect from each independent variable, as determined by structural and histomorphometric assays. Specifically, as expected, ZOL showed an increase in the cancellous bone volume to total volume fraction (BV/TV, +32%) and trabecular number (+18%) compared to the VEH. As expected, ZOL decreased osteoclast surface (OC/BS) by -45% compared to VEH. Surprisingly, ZOL reduced mineralizing surface (MS/BS) and bone formation rate (BFR), indicators of osteoblast activity, by -40% and -54%, respectively, compared to VEH. Altogether, ZOL-treated mice displayed a low turnover state of remodeling in the metaphysis. In the context of skeletal aging, we speculate that ZOL prevented age-related cancellous strut loss during the experiment. As a main effect, as expected, HU decreased BV/TV by - 31% via reductions in both trabecular thickness (-11%) and number (-22%) compared to NA controls. Additionally, HU decreased MS/BS by -38% and bone formation rate (BFR) by -50% compared to NA controls. Altogether, these data are consistent with structural degradation resulting from imbalanced remodeling that favors resorption. As a main effect, CL increased BV/TV by +15% via increased trabecular thickness (+12%) compared to the noncompressed limb. As expected, CL increased MS/BS (+20%) and BFR (+24%), indicating osteoblast mineralization contributed to bone gains. These data show that CL provided an anabolic stimulus to the cancellous tissue. We observed unique interactions in ZOL*CL and HU*CL. First, ZOL prevented CL-induced increases in BV/TV and trabecular number, as compared to VEH. In the context of skeletal aging, these data suggest no added benefit from CL in the ZOL-treated mice. Interestingly, no microdamage was observed in mice that were unloaded and treated with ZOL (independent of CL). Secondly, HU prevented CL-induced increases in BFR, as compared to NA controls. These data suggest that either exercise is less effective or the kinetics of formation are slower during simulated weightlessness. Osteoclast surface was unchanged by either treatment. Thus, in contrast to exercising astronauts, these data do not suggest a high-turnover state in the metaphysis. To assess mechanical properties as a function of HU or ZOL, we tested the left femur in three-point bending ex vivo. As expected, HU decreased stiffness (-30%) compared to NA, and ZOL increased stiffness compared to VEH (+28%). Interestingly, HU increased the post-yield displacement, related to collagenous tensile loading, compared to NA (+20%). ZOL increased yield force (+11%) and ultimate force (+17%), which seems to explain the significant effect of ZOL increasing total energy (work-to-fracture, +15%), while not affecting the post yield displacement. Taken together, ZOL did not have detrimental affect on mechanical properties. Our integrated model simulates the combination of weightlessness, exercise-induced mechanical strain, and anti-resorptive treatment that astronauts experience during space missions. We conclude that Zoledronate was an effective countermeasure against weightlessness-induced bone loss, though zoledronate, as well as weightlessness, rendered exercise-related mechanical loading less effective.

bone↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Bi24Cl10O31 by Materials Project

Bi24O31Cl10 is alpha Pu-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.72 Å. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.46 Å. In the third Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.99 Å. In the fourth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.36 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.44 Å. In the fifth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.44 Å. The Bi–Cl bond length is 3.51 Å. In the sixth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.29 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.32–3.37 Å. In the seventh Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.69 Å. There are one shorter (3.30 Å) and one longer (3.38 Å) Bi–Cl bond lengths. In the eighth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.16 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.50 Å. In the ninth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.60 Å. There are one shorter (3.26 Å) and one longer (3.44 Å) Bi–Cl bond lengths. In the tenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.40 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.39–3.53 Å. In the eleventh Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.31 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.25–3.40 Å. In the twelfth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.33 Å. There are a spread of Bi–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.42–3.54 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form distorted OBi4 tetrahedra that share corners with three OBi4Cl tetrahedra and edges with four OBi4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Bi3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ and one Cl1- atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4Cl tetrahedra. The O–Cl bond length is 3.39 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Bi3+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 3.31 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. There are six inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Bi3+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Bi3+ and two O2- atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six Bi3+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Bi3+ atoms. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Bi3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3InCl6 by Materials Project

Li3InCl6 is Corundum-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.50–2.77 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–10°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.86 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.89 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.82 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–10°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.80 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.50–2.84 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.80 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with two InCl6 octahedra, edges with two InCl6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There are four shorter (2.52 Å) and two longer (2.83 Å) Li–Cl bond lengths. There are four inequivalent In3+ sites. In the first In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form InCl6 octahedra that share corners with six LiCl6 octahedra and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are a spread of In–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.58 Å. In the second In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form InCl6 octahedra that share corners with six LiCl6 octahedra and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–10°. There are a spread of In–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.58 Å. In the third In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form InCl6 octahedra that share corners with six LiCl6 octahedra and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are two shorter (2.52 Å) and four longer (2.57 Å) In–Cl bond lengths. In the fourth In3+ site, In3+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form InCl6 octahedra that share corners with six LiCl6 octahedra and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–9°. There are two shorter (2.52 Å) and four longer (2.57 Å) In–Cl bond lengths. There are eighteen inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the twelfth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the thirteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the fourteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the fifteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the sixteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the seventeenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom. In the eighteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one In3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2CrCl4 by Materials Project

Li2CrCl4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form LiCl4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiCl6 octahedra and corners with eight CrCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 52–66°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.49 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent CrCl6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CrCl6 octahedra, edges with five LiCl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–11°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.81 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with six CrCl6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiCl5 square pyramid, an edgeedge with one CrCl6 octahedra, edges with six LiCl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–15°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.49–3.00 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiCl5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiCl6 octahedra, and edges with five CrCl6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.91 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl5 square pyramids, a cornercorner with one LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with three CrCl6 octahedra, and edges with six LiCl6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.91 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form LiCl5 square pyramids that share corners with three CrCl6 octahedra, corners with five LiCl6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CrCl6 octahedra, and edges with five LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–86°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.74 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl6 octahedra, edges with three CrCl6 octahedra, edges with five LiCl6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiCl5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–11°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.48–3.00 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form LiCl6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with three CrCl6 octahedra, edges with six LiCl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.60 Å. There are four inequivalent Cr2+ sites. In the first Cr2+ site, Cr2+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form CrCl6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiCl5 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with three CrCl6 octahedra, and edges with four LiCl6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.85 Å. In the second Cr2+ site, Cr2+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form CrCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiCl5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with three LiCl6 octahedra, and edges with three CrCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–15°. There are a spread of Cr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.37–3.01 Å. In the third Cr2+ site, Cr2+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form CrCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent LiCl4 tetrahedra, edges with three LiCl6 octahedra, and edges with three CrCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–10°. There are a spread of Cr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.93 Å. In the fourth Cr2+ site, Cr2+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form distorted CrCl6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiCl6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiCl4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CrCl6 octahedra, edges with seven LiCl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. There are a spread of Cr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.38–3.11 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+ and three Cr2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ClLi2Cr2 tetrahedra. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom to form distorted ClLi5Cr octahedra that share corners with three equivalent ClLi3Cr2 square pyramids and edges with six ClLi5 square pyramids. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to five Li1+ atoms to form ClLi5 square pyramids that share corners with two ClLi4Cr square pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClLi5Cr octahedra, and edges with three ClLi4Cr square pyramids. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom to form ClLi4Cr square pyramids that share corners with two ClLi5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClLi5Cr octahedra, and edges with three ClLi5 square pyramids. In the twelfth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms to form distorted ClLi3Cr2 square pyramids that share corners with three equivalent ClLi5Cr octahedra, a cornercorner with one ClLi2Cr2 tetrahedra, and edges with three ClLi5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–15°. In the thirteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms. In the fourteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom to form ClLi4Cr square pyramids that share corners with two ClLi5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClLi5Cr octahedra, and edges with three ClLi5 square pyramids. In the fifteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one Cr2+ atom. In the sixteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Cr2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na13Ca7S12Cl2O48F by Materials Project

Na13Ca7S12O48Cl2F crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are thirteen inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one F atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.97 Å. The Na–F bond length is 2.32 Å. In the second Na site, Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.74 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.66 Å. In the third Na site, Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one F atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.98 Å. The Na–F bond length is 2.31 Å. In the fourth Na site, Na is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.02 Å. In the fifth Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.63 Å. In the sixth Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.94 Å. In the seventh Na site, Na is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted NaO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.73 Å. In the eighth Na site, Na is bonded to six O and one Cl atom to form distorted NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.75 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.66 Å. In the ninth Na site, Na is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.85 Å. In the tenth Na site, Na is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.88 Å. In the eleventh Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.93 Å. In the twelfth Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.64 Å. In the thirteenth Na site, Na is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted NaO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.67 Å. There are seven inequivalent Ca sites. In the first Ca site, Ca is bonded to six O and one Cl atom to form distorted CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with two NaO6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.60 Å. The Ca–Cl bond length is 2.66 Å. In the second Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.77 Å. In the third Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.66 Å. The Ca–Cl bond length is 2.69 Å. In the fourth Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one F atom. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.91 Å. The Ca–F bond length is 2.17 Å. In the fifth Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.63 Å. The Ca–Cl bond length is 2.68 Å. In the sixth Ca site, Ca is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted CaO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.55 Å. In the seventh Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six O and one Cl atom. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.73 Å. The Ca–Cl bond length is 2.70 Å. There are twelve inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the third S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid, a cornercorner with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the fourth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.51 Å. In the fifth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.52 Å. In the sixth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There is one shorter (1.47 Å) and three longer (1.50 Å) S–O bond length. In the seventh S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with two NaO6 pentagonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.52 Å. In the eighth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the ninth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, and a cornercorner with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There is two shorter (1.48 Å) and two longer (1.50 Å) S–O bond length. In the tenth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. In the eleventh S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one NaClO6 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.51 Å. In the twelfth S site, S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.52 Å. There are forty-eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca and one S atom. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na and one S atom. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ca and one S atom. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Ca and one S atom. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the thirty-third O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the thirty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the thirty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the thirty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the thirty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the fortieth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na, two Ca, and one S atom. In the forty-first O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the forty-second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Na and one S atom. In the forty-third O site, O is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the forty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Na, one Ca, and one S atom. In the forty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geo

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsCoH18N6(ClO2)4 by Materials Project

CsCoN6H18(O2Cl)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one CsCoN6H18(O2Cl)4 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cs1+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to six O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are three shorter (3.40 Å) and three longer (3.51 Å) Cs–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.26 Å) and one longer (3.78 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. Co3+ is bonded to three N+0.33- and one O2- atom to form distorted CoN3O trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one ClO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (1.86 Å) Co–N bond length. The Co–O bond length is 2.50 Å. There are five inequivalent N+0.33- sites. In the first N+0.33- site, N+0.33- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N+0.33- site, N+0.33- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the third N+0.33- site, N+0.33- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the fourth N+0.33- site, N+0.33- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four H1+ atoms. There are a spread of N–H bond distances ranging from 1.03–1.05 Å. In the fifth N+0.33- site, N+0.33- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four H1+ atoms. There is three shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.05 Å) N–H bond length. There are seventeen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- and one Cl1- atom. The H–Cl bond length is 2.07 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- and one Cl1- atom. The H–Cl bond length is 2.06 Å. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- and one Cl1- atom. The H–N bond length is 1.05 Å. The H–Cl bond length is 2.07 Å. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. The H–N bond length is 1.04 Å. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. The H–N bond length is 1.03 Å. In the seventeenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.33- atom. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.48 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.47 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.47 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.47 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.46 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.46 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.46 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Co3+ and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.44 Å. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and three H1+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ClO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoN3O trigonal pyramid.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on VCl3O4 by Materials Project

V(O2Cl)2V(OCl)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two V(O2Cl)2 clusters and two V(OCl)4 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In each V(O2Cl)2 cluster, V is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to four equivalent O and two equivalent Cl atoms. All V–O bond lengths are 1.82 Å. Both V–Cl bond lengths are 2.37 Å. O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one V atom. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one V atom. In each V(OCl)4 ribbon, V is bonded in an octahedral geometry to four equivalent O and two equivalent Cl atoms. All V–O bond lengths are 1.99 Å. Both V–Cl bond lengths are 2.27 Å. O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one V and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.59 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent O atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one V atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb11Cu18(Cl15O)2 by Materials Project

Rb11Cu18(OCl15)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight Cl1- atoms. There are four shorter (3.40 Å) and four longer (3.63 Å) Rb–Cl bond lengths. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.30–4.00 Å. In the third Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.61 Å. In the fourth Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.67 Å. There are eight inequivalent Cu+1.28+ sites. In the first Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cl1- atoms. Both Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the second Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 1.83 Å. The Cu–Cl bond length is 2.24 Å. In the third Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form corner-sharing CuCl4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.77 Å. In the fourth Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form corner-sharing CuCl4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.37 Å. In the fifth Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form corner-sharing CuCl4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and three longer (2.33 Å) Cu–Cl bond lengths. In the sixth Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing CuCl4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.51 Å. In the seventh Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing CuCl4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.42 Å. In the eighth Cu+1.28+ site, Cu+1.28+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.30 Å) and two longer (2.60 Å) Cu–Cl bond lengths. O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cu+1.28+ atoms. There are eleven inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and three Cu+1.28+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Rb1+ and one Cu+1.28+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to five Rb1+ and one Cu+1.28+ atom to form ClRb5Cu octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ClRb5Cu octahedra, corners with four equivalent ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with three ClRb3Cu2 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and three Cu+1.28+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Rb1+ and two equivalent Cu+1.28+ atoms to form distorted ClRb3Cu2 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent ClRb4Cu square pyramids, corners with two equivalent ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one ClRb5Cu octahedra. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and three Cu+1.28+ atoms. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Rb1+ and one Cu+1.28+ atom to form distorted ClRb4Cu square pyramids that share corners with three ClRb3Cu2 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with two equivalent ClRb5Cu octahedra. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Rb1+ and two Cu+1.28+ atoms to form distorted ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent ClRb5Cu octahedra, a cornercorner with one ClRb3Cu2 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one ClRb4Cu square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one ClRb3Cu2 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–42°. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and two Cu+1.28+ atoms. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and two Cu+1.28+ atoms. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and three Cu+1.28+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re3Se2Cl5 by Materials Project

Re6Se3Cl11Re6Se5Cl9 is Copper structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one Re6Se3Cl11 cluster and one Re6Se5Cl9 cluster. In the Re6Se3Cl11 cluster, there are six inequivalent Re3+ sites. In the first Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to one Se2- and four Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSeCl4 square pyramids. The Re–Se bond length is 2.50 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.54 Å. In the second Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to one Se2- and four Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSeCl4 square pyramids. The Re–Se bond length is 2.51 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.53 Å. In the third Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. Both Re–Se bond lengths are 2.56 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.48 Å. In the fourth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to one Se2- and four Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSeCl4 square pyramids. The Re–Se bond length is 2.51 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.53 Å. In the fifth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. There are one shorter (2.55 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) Re–Se bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.33 Å) and two longer (2.47 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. In the sixth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. Both Re–Se bond lengths are 2.55 Å. There are one shorter (2.34 Å) and two longer (2.47 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. There are eleven inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the Re6Se5Cl9 cluster, there are six inequivalent Re3+ sites. In the first Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. Both Re–Se bond lengths are 2.51 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.54 Å. In the second Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and one longer (2.51 Å) Re–Se bond lengths. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.55 Å. In the third Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to two Se2- and three Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe2Cl3 square pyramids. Both Re–Se bond lengths are 2.55 Å. There are a spread of Re–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.46 Å. In the fourth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to three Se2- and two Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe3Cl2 square pyramids. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.55 Å) Re–Se bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.39 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. In the fifth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to three Se2- and two Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe3Cl2 square pyramids. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.55 Å) Re–Se bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.37 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. In the sixth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to three Se2- and two Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing ReSe3Cl2 square pyramids. There are a spread of Re–Se bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.55 Å. There are one shorter (2.39 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) Re–Cl bond lengths. There are five inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the fifth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. There are nine inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K12Mo4S11Cl4O5 by Materials Project

K12Mo4S11O5Cl4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three S2-, two O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.40–3.49 Å. There are one shorter (2.81 Å) and one longer (3.42 Å) K–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.18 Å) and one longer (3.21 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.79 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.90 Å. There are one shorter (3.18 Å) and one longer (3.21 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the third K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.32–3.79 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.87 Å. There are one shorter (3.18 Å) and one longer (3.22 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the fourth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.31–3.44 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.87 Å. There are one shorter (3.18 Å) and one longer (3.20 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the fifth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.46 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.93 Å. There are one shorter (3.22 Å) and one longer (3.24 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the sixth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.24–3.47 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.90 Å. Both K–Cl bond lengths are 3.23 Å. In the seventh K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three S2-, two O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.40–3.51 Å. There are one shorter (2.84 Å) and one longer (3.30 Å) K–O bond lengths. Both K–Cl bond lengths are 3.22 Å. In the eighth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three S2-, one O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.42 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.89 Å. There are one shorter (3.21 Å) and one longer (3.22 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the ninth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four S2-, one O2-, and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.41 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.78 Å. There are one shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.27 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the tenth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded to four S2-, one O2-, and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with four KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids, corners with three MoS3O tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MoS3O tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.32–3.42 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.79 Å. There are one shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.26 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the eleventh K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four S2-, one O2-, and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.41 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.78 Å. There are one shorter (3.12 Å) and one longer (3.27 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. In the twelfth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded to four S2-, one O2-, and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with four KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids, corners with three MoS3O tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one MoS2O2 tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.42 Å. The K–O bond length is 2.78 Å. There are one shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.27 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Mo6+ sites. In the first Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to three S2- and one O2- atom to form MoS3O tetrahedra that share corners with two KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids. There are one shorter (2.22 Å) and two longer (2.23 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. The Mo–O bond length is 1.77 Å. In the second Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to three S2- and one O2- atom to form MoS3O tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramid and an edgeedge with one KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramid. There are two shorter (2.22 Å) and one longer (2.23 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. The Mo–O bond length is 1.77 Å. In the third Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to three S2- and one O2- atom to form MoS3O tetrahedra that share corners with two KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.22 Å) and one longer (2.23 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. The Mo–O bond length is 1.77 Å. In the fourth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to two S2- and two O2- atoms to form MoS2O2 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramid and an edgeedge with one KS4Cl2O pentagonal bipyramid. Both Mo–S bond lengths are 2.25 Å. There is one shorter (1.77 Å) and one longer (1.78 Å) Mo–O bond length. There are eleven inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one Mo6+ atom. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to six K1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ClK6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–20°. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to six K1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ClK6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–19°. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to six K1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ClK6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–19°. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to six K1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ClK6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–20°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba3(Br2Cl)2 by Materials Project

Ba3(Br2Cl)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent Ba2+ sites. In the first Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.69 Å. There are a spread of Ba–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.19 Å. In the second Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Br1- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.25–3.75 Å. Both Ba–Cl bond lengths are 3.16 Å. In the third Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.69 Å. There are a spread of Ba–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.19 Å. In the fourth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.69 Å. All Ba–Cl bond lengths are 3.20 Å. In the fifth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Br1- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.74 Å. There are one shorter (3.16 Å) and one longer (3.17 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. In the sixth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.68 Å. All Ba–Cl bond lengths are 3.20 Å. In the seventh Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.25–3.68 Å. There are two shorter (3.15 Å) and one longer (3.23 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. In the eighth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Br1- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.24–3.68 Å. There are two shorter (3.15 Å) and one longer (3.23 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. In the ninth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Br1- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.41–3.65 Å. There are a spread of Ba–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.20 Å. In the tenth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Br1- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.62 Å. There are one shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.26 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. In the eleventh Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Br1- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.63 Å. There are one shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.26 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. In the twelfth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Br1- and two Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Br bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.61 Å. There are one shorter (3.14 Å) and one longer (3.26 Å) Ba–Cl bond lengths. There are sixteen inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the third Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the fourth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the fifth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the sixth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the seventh Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the eighth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the ninth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the tenth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the eleventh Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the twelfth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted BrBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with four BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with four ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the fourteenth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted BrBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with two BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with six ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the fifteenth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted BrBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with two BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with six ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the sixteenth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted BrBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with six ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. There are eight inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with three BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with five ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with three BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with five ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with six ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two BrBa4 tetrahedra. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with seven ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two BrBa4 tetrahedra. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with seven ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two BrBa4 tetrahedra. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with four BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with four ClBa4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one BrBa4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with four BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with four ClBa4 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClBa4 tetrahedra. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Ba2+ atoms to form distorted ClBa4 tetrahedra that share corners with four BrBa4 tetrahedra, corners with four ClBa4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one BrBa4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one ClBa4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg5(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Hg5(OCl)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Hg5(OCl)4 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 1) direction. there are three inequivalent Hg sites. In the first Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O and three Cl atoms. There are one shorter (2.12 Å) and one longer (2.17 Å) Hg–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.02 Å. In the second Hg site, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two O and one Cl atom. There are one shorter (2.04 Å) and one longer (2.08 Å) Hg–O bond lengths. The Hg–Cl bond length is 3.07 Å. In the third Hg site, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O atoms. Both Hg–O bond lengths are 2.07 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Hg atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Hg atoms. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Hg atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Hg and one Cl atom. The Cl–Cl bond length is 2.63 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Long-Lived Excited State in a Solubilized Graphene Nanoribbon

Graphene nanoribbons have excellent light-absorbing properties, but often exhibit short excited-state lifetimes that prevent their applications in photocatalysis. Here, we report a long-lived charge-transfer triplet excited state in a well solubilized, chlorinated graphene nanoribbon (Cl-GNR) with edges modified by bipyrimidine (bpm) moieties. The photophysical behavior of Cl-GNR was observed and characterized by steady-state UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy on the ps-ms timescale, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In this work, both the Cl-GNR and its monomeric subunit, chlorinated graphene quantum dot (Cl-GQD), were synthesized using bottom-up techniques to produce the H- analogs of the compounds followed by edge-chlorination to achieve soluble products. The absorption spectra of Cl-GQD and Cl-GNR appear in the UV-vis range with lowest-energy peaks at 375 and 600 nm, respectively. The excitons in Cl-GNR were found to exhibit charge-transfer character with the bpm edges serving as electron acceptors. DFT calculations indicate that the excitons are relatively localized, spreading over at most two monomeric units of the GNR. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that singlet excited states of Cl-GQD and Cl-GNR undergo intersystem crossing with ~300 ps lifetime to form triplet states that last for 15.7 μs (Cl-GQD) and 106 μs (Cl-GNR). These properties, combined with the ability of the bpm sites to coordinate transition metals, make Cl-GNRs promising light-harvesting motifs for photocatalytic applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Chlorine isotope separations using thermal diffusion

In a chloride molten salt fast reactor (Cl-MSFR), the fuel salt might be comprised of a specific eutectic composition of alkali and alkaline chlorides that solubilize major and minor actinide chlorides as the fertile component(s). Each of the chloride species contain the natural abundance ( 35 Cl ~76% and 37 Cl ~24%) of the two stable isotopes of chlorine 35 Cl and 37 Cl. There has been an ongoing controversy for the operation of the Cl-MSFRs concerning the potential of the 35 Cl(n,γ) 36 Cl, 35 Cl(n,p) 35 S, 35 Cl(n,α) 32 S reactions to produce 36 Cl, 32 S, and 32 P at relevant energies [Bulmer 1956]. The undesirable attributes of irradiated 35 Cl are enumerated further below.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
NASA NTRS2017

Volatiles in High-K Lunar Basalts

Chlorine is an unusual isotopic system, being essentially unfractionated ((delta)Cl-37 approximately 0 per mille ) between bulk terrestrial samples and chondritic meteorites and yet showing large variations in lunar (approximately -4 to +81 per mille), martian, and vestan (HED) samples. Among lunar samples, the volatile-bearing mineral apatite (Ca5(PO4)3[F,Cl,OH]) has been studied for volatiles in K-, REE-, and P (KREEP), very high potassium (VHK), low-Ti and high-Ti basalts, as well as samples from the lunar highlands. These studies revealed a positive correlation between in-situ (delta)Cl-37 measurements and bulk incompatible trace elements (ITEs) and ratios. Such trends were interpreted to originate from Cl isotopic fractionation during the degassing of metal chlorides during or shortly after the differentiation of the Moon via a magma ocean. In this study, we investigate the volatile inventories of a group of samples for which new-era volatile data have yet to be reported - the high-K (greater than 2000 ppm bulk K2O), high-Ti, trace element-rich mare basalts. We used isotope imaging on the Cameca NanoSIMS 50L at JSC to obtain the Cl isotopic composition [((Cl-37/(35)Clsample/C-37l/(35)Clstandard)-1)×1000, to get a value in per thousand (per mille)] which ranges from approximately -2.7 +/- 2 per mille to +16.1 +/- 2 per mille (2sigma), as well as volatile abundances (F & Cl) of apatite in samples 10017, 10024 & 10049. Simply following prior models, as lunar rocks with high bulk-rock abundances of ITEs we might expect the high-K, high-Ti basalts to contain apatite characterized by heavily fractionated (delta)Cl-37 values, i.e., Cl obtained from mixing between unfractionated mantle Cl (approximately 0 per mille) and the urKREEP reservoir (possibly fractionated to greater than +25 per mille.). However, the data obtained for the studied samples do not conform to either the early degassing or mixing models. Existing petrogentic models for the origin of the high-K, high-Ti basalts do not include urKREEP assimilation into their LMO cumulate sources. Therefore, Cl in these basalts either originated from source region heterogeneity or through assimilation or metasomatism by volatile and incompatible trace element rich materials. The new data presented here could provide evidence for the existence of region(s) in the lunar interior that are ITE-enriched and contain Cl that does not share isotopic affinities with lunar urKREEP, possibly representing the composition of the purported 'neuKREEP'.

Barnes, Jessica J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y2Cl3 by Materials Project

Y2Cl3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Y2Cl3 sheet oriented in the (2, 0, -1) direction. there are two inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a pentagonal planar geometry to five Cl atoms. There are a spread of Y–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.84 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.76 Å) and two longer (2.79 Å) Y–Cl bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Y atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y atoms. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiDy2Cl5 by Materials Project

LiDy2Cl5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li is bonded to six Cl atoms to form corner-sharing LiCl6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are a spread of Li–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.85 Å. Dy is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Cl atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.59–3.10 Å. There are three inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded to one Li and three equivalent Dy atoms to form distorted ClLiDy3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, corners with twelve ClDy4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, and edges with two ClDy4 trigonal pyramids. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded to four equivalent Dy atoms to form distorted ClDy4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with eight equivalent ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent ClLi2Dy2 trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, and edges with four ClDy4 trigonal pyramids. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded to two equivalent Li and two equivalent Dy atoms to form distorted ClLi2Dy2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with eight equivalent ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, corners with six ClDy4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one ClLiDy3 tetrahedra, and edges with three ClDy4 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗