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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1980

Gas distribution equipment in hydrogen service - Phase II

The hydrogen permeability of three different types of commercially available natural gas polyethylene pipes was determined. Ring tensile tests were conducted on permeability-exposed and as-received samples. Hydrogen-methane leakage experiments were also performed. The results show no selective leakage of hydrogen via Poiseuille, turbulent, or orifice flow (through leaks) on the distribution of blends of hydrogen and methane. The data collected show that the polyethylene pipe is 4 to 6 times more permeable to hydrogen than to methane.

Jasionowski, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Materials for fire resistant passenger seats in aircraft

The paper considers the selection of cushioning foam and upholstery fabric materials for aircraft passenger seats. Polyurethane, polychloroprene, polyimide, and polyphosphazene are the foam materials considered; and a variety of commercial and developmental fabrics (including wool, cotton, synthetics, and blends) are examined. Viable approaches to the design of fire-resistant seat assemblies are indicated. Results of an experimental laboratory study of fabrics and fabric/foam assemblies exposed to external point-source radiative heat flux are discussed.

Tesoro, G.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Numerical Solution for Navier-Stokes Equations

Carefully selected blend of computational techniques solves complete set of equations for viscous, unsteady, hypersonic flow in general curvilinear coordinates. New algorithm has tested computation of axially directed flow about blunt body having shape similar to that of such practical bodies as wide-body aircraft or artillery shells. Method offers significant computational advantages because of conservation-law form of equations and because it reduces amount of metric data required.

Warsi, Z. U. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Experimental evaluation of combustor concepts for burning broad property fuels

A baseline CF6-50 combustor and three advanced combustor designs were evaluated to determine the effects of combustor design on operational characteristics using broad property fuels. Three fuels were used in each test: Jet A, a broad property 13% hydrogen fuel, and a 12% hydrogen fuel blend. Testing was performed in a sector rig at true cruise and simulated takeoff conditions for the CF6-50 engine cycle. The advanced combustors (all double annular, lean dome designs) generally exhibited lower metal temperatures, exhaust emissions, and carbon buildup than the baseline CF6-50 combustor. The sensitivities of emissions and metal temperatures to fuel hydrogen content were also generally lower for the advanced designs. The most promising advanced design used premixing tubes in the main stage. This design was chosen for additional testing in which fuel/air ratio, reference velocity, and fuel flow split were varied.

Kasper, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Deposition and material response from Mach 0.3 burner rig combustion of SRC 2 fuels

Collectors at 1173K (900 C) were exposed to the combustion products of a Mach 0.3 burner rig fueled with various industrial turbine liquid fuels from solvent refined coals. Four fuels were employed: a naphtha, a light oil, a wash solvent and a mid-heavy distillate blend. The response of four superalloys (IN-100, U 700, IN 792 and M-509) to exposure to the combustion gases from the SRC-2 naphtha and resultant deposits was also determined. The SRC-2 fuel analysis and insights obtained during the combustion experience are discussed. Particular problems encountered were fuel instability and reactions of the fuel with hardware components. The major metallic elements which contributed to the deposits were copper, iron, chromium, calcium, aluminum, nickel, silicon, titanium, zinc, and sodium. The deposits were found to be mainly metal oxides. An equilibrium thermodynamic analysis was employed to predict the chemical composition of the deposits. The agreement between the predicted and observed compounds was excellent. No hot corrosion was observed. This was expected because the deposits contained very little sodium or potassium and consisted mainly of the unreactive oxides. However, the amounts of deposits formed indicated that fouling is a potential problem with the use of these fuels.

Santoro, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Surface temperatures and glassy state investigations in tribology, part 4

Measurements were made of the limiting shear stress for two naphthenic oils of differing molecular weight and three blends of the lower molecular weight oil and polyalkylmethacrylate polymers of differing molecular weight. The two base oils reached the same limiting shear stress for the same temperature and pressure. This was also true for all the polymer solutions although the polymer reduced the limiting shear stress by about 15 percent. It is shown that limiting stress is more a function of material type than viscosity or molecular weight. A new falling body viscometer was constructed to operate to 230 C and 0.6 GPa. Another viscometer was constructed to extend the pressure range to 1.1 GPa. A concentrated contact simulator was developed which allows recording of the traction force while the slide-roll ratio is continuously varied and the rolling speed is maintained essentially constant by a single drive motor. The configuration is that of a crowned roller against a disk. Measurement of lubricant minimum film thickness of elliptical EHD contacts of various aspect ratios were made by optical interferometry. The data collected were used to evaluate the Hamrock and Dowson minimum film thickness model over a range of contract ellipticity ratio where the major axis of the contact ellipse was aligned both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of motion. A statistical analysis of the measured film thickness data showed that on the average the experimental data were 30 percent greater than the film thickness predicted by the model. Preliminary development of the application of a scanning infrared radiation system to a tribo-system was completed.

Bair, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Overview of Boeing supersonic transport efforts, 1971 - 1979

Following cancellation of the United States Supersonic Transport program, the status of the technology was assessed carefully and emphasis was put on finding solutions for what were considered the major technical difficulties. In particular, work on the breakthroughs needed to advance the technology was emphasized. Currently, solutions to all major technical problems are identified. Depending on the subject, either the problem is no longer a concern or the steps needed to bring about a solution are mapped out clearly. Throughout the NASA SCR program, important strides were made in the identification of design advances which would greatly improve supersonic airplane fuel efficiency, noise, and other performance and cost affecting parameters. Furthermore, these efforts created an atmosphere in which it was possible for new ideas to flourish and positive inventions to take place such as the variable cycle engine and the blended fuselage. These technical gains show that, given availability of such technology, advanced supersonic transports could be developed that would be economically successful and environmentally acceptable.

Sigalla, A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The structure of chromospheres around late-type giants and supergiants

Observations alpha Tau (K5III) and beta Gru (M2II) made at high resolution are used to confirm line identifications of features blended at low resolution. The high resolution spectra allow selected pairs of lines to be used to find the electron density and the opacity. Methods for determining these factors and the usual emission measure are presented. The electron density and opacity can be used together with the emission measure to place constraints on the structure of the atmosphere. The line formation processes are briefly discussed. Photo-excitation by strong lines appears to be important in these late type atmospheres.

Brown, A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Interstellar abundance determination using IUE data

Analysis of the silicon interstellar abundances was made for more heavily reddened lines of sight than were accessible to the Copernicus satellite. Silicon rarely had accurate column densities determined from Copernicus data because the available lines all lie on the flat portion of the curve of growth. With International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) it is possible to reach color excesses of E(B-V) approximately 0.5-0.7, and in addition obtain data on the weak SiII line at 1808 A, so that a wide range of oscillator strengths is available. The lower resolving power of the IUE causes difficulties in that several of the SiII lines are blended with strong lines of other species. Data on the lines of sight analyzed suggested that some of the absorption lines fall on the damped portion of the curve of growth, implying that silicon may not be as highly depleted as expected.

Joseph, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Improvements to the accuracy of the IUE wavelength scales in high dispersion

The data base of Pt-Ne emission lines used to calibrate the IUE high dispersion wavelength scales was scrutinized to improve the internal consistency of the adopted laboratory wavelength values and provide a homogeneous, documented line list, which IUE Guest Observers may use to evaluate quantitatively those Pt-Ne spectra taken to calibrate their data. After deletion of incorrect or inappropriate data in the old data base (lines with incorrect wavelength assignments; lines which are too faint, too bright, or blended; lines which fall near reseau marks, etc.) and the addition of several new entries, a total of 172 Pt-Ne lines for the SWP camera and 164 Pt-Ne lines for the LWR camera are now used for routine wavelength calibration in the high dispersion mode.

Turnrose, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Problem solving in a distributed environment

Distributed problem solving is anayzed as a blend of two disciplines: (1) problem solving and ai; and (2) distributed systems (monitoring). It may be necessary to distribute because the application itself is one of managing distributed resources (e.g., distributed sensor net) and communication delays preclude centralized processing, or it may be desirable to distribute because a single computational engine may not satisfy the needs of a given task. In addition, considerations of reliability may dictate distribution. Examples of multi-process language environment are given.

Rashid, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Spectroscopy of Comet P/Encke in 1980 - 1981

Digital spectroscopic scans of P/Comets Encke, Stephan-Oterma, and Gunn were obtained with a sky-subtraction scanner system. Quantiative fluxes for the cometary emission bands of CN, C3, C2, NH2, and the 'D OI red auroral line are presented for P/Encke. The most straight-forward and model-independent line flux to interpret is the lambda lambda 6300, 6364 forbidden oxygen doublet. After an NH2 blending correction, the oxygen production rate may be directly measured from the Lick small-aperture fluxes. The oxygen production rates increased rapidly with decreasing heliocentric distance for both P/Encke and P/Stephan-Oterma. A rough power-law exponent in r with n = approximately -2.5 describes the change in oxygen production for P/Encke. Compared to the water production rates inferred from IUE satellite spectra showing the lambda 3080 OH band, these oxygen production rates are consistently lower by a factor of 11. This implies a common origin for the two species; H2O is the likely sole OI ID parent.

Spinrad, H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

A radio search for interstellar phosphorus compounds

The J = 1-0 and 3-2 transitions of phosphorus nitride, PN, with resolvable hyperfine components at 46.99 GHz and blended components at 140.97 GHz, and transitions of phosphine, PH3, at 47.39 and 46.94 GHz, arising from a small induced dipole moment, have been searched for but not found in interstellar molecular clouds. The J = 3/2-1/2, F - 3/2-3/2 transition of nitric oxide, NO, and the J(K-K+) = 16(4, 12) -15(5, 11) transition of sulfur dioxide, SO2, have been detected in Orion and Sagittarius B2. An unidentified emission line, U140921.8 MHz, has been observed in IRC + 10216.

Hollis, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Low NO/x/ combustion systems for burning heavy residual fuels and high-fuel-bound nitrogen fuels

Design concepts are presented for lean-lean and staged rich-lean combustors. The combustors are designed for the dry reduction of thermal NO(x), control of NO(x) from fuels containing high levels of organic nitrogen, and control of smoke from low hydrogen content fuels. The combustor concepts are tested with a wide variety of fuels including a middle distillate, a petroleum based heavy residual, a coal derived synthetic, and ratios of blends of these fuels. The configurations of the lean-lean and rich-lean combustion systems are provided along with a description of the test rig and test procedure.

White, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A survey of X-ray line emission from the supernova remnant Puppis A

Initial results from the first high-resolution study of the X-ray spectrum of a supernova remnant are reported. The spectrum of Puppis A between 500 and 1100 eV has been surveyed with the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer on the Einstein Observatory and the flux in eight lines and three line blends from various transitions of highly ionized nitrogen, oxygen, neon, and iron has been measured. The spectrum resembles that of active regions in the solar corona, but the neon lines seem enhanced relative to the oxygen lines, and both are enhanced relative to iron. The observed line strengths serve as diagnostics of the physical conditions in the emitting material. Without a priori assumptions, the ionization temperatures of O (2.2 million K) and Ne (4 million K) and the dominant ionization stage of Fe (Fe XVII) are deduced. Isothermal equilibrium plasmas or homogeneous nonequilibrium plasmas as descriptions of the source are ruled out. It is concluded that Puppis A must contain plasma over a temperature range 2-million to 5-million K with an intervening absorption column of 4 x 10 to the 21st/sq cm.

Winkler, P. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Discovery of X-ray emission lines from the RS CVn binary sigma CrB

X-ray observations of the RS CVn binary sigma CrB were carried out with a solid state spectrometer on board the Einstein Observatory in 1979. X-ray emission lines due to Mg XI, Si XIII, S XV and a blend of L-transition lines due to Fe XVII and Fe XVIII were detected in the sigma CrB spectrum. The observed X-ray spectrum is described by a two-temperature coronal X-ray emission model: the dominant low temperature component originates in a plasma at a temperature of 5.9 + or 0.5 x 10 to the 6th K; the weaker higher temperature arises from a plasma of not less than 35 x 10 to the 6th K. Intensity variations over a period of a few hours are also recorded and thought to be due to a variation in the number of loops concentrated around active regions on the star surface. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the constant-pressure coronal loop model (Rosner, Tucker, Vaiana, 1978).

Agrawal, P. C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

High-resolution profiles for the diffuse interstellar band at 6196 A

The 6196.0 A diffuse feature is observed in various directions towards moderately and slightly reddened stars at high spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio. The feature is found to be symmetric with no fine structure with an equivalent-width upper unit paralleling that of H2. The feature is as narrow as 0.4 A, although much broader in other stars due to cloud blending in the line of sight, and is absent in all observed stars with E(B-V) less than 0.1, and upper limits more than an order of magnitude below values extrapolated from more reddened stars. Upper limits are determined by multiplying the square root of the number of channels in which the line may lie, and another narrow feature, although highly asymmetric, is observed at 6194.6 A. It is concluded that the results increase the possibility of at least one of the diffuse band carriers being a molecule.

Smith, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A piloted simulation of the backup control system engagement for the YAH-64

A piloted simulator experiment, designed to evaluate and optimize certain backup control system (BUCS) engagement parameters and to provide pilot familiarization with aircraft response prior to flight test of the BUCS in the YAH-64 Advanced Attack Helicopter, is described. Key elements of the simulation were the representation of a control system jam, the pilot's breaking of a shear pin in the jammed control, and the resultant BUCS engagement. To minimize the excursions in aircraft motion which could result from the pilot's control inputs after shear pin breakage, the BUCS control function is blended in gradually. The experiment's results indicate that optimum time to full control authority after shear pin breakage is three seconds in all axes for certain critical tasks. Special pilot training in the recovery from a control system jam may be necessary to minimize unacceptably large aircraft transients in the off-axis.

Blanken, C. L.↗