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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 595 records · Page 33
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Remotely Manned Systems for operation and exploration in space

A brief overview is presented of Remotely Manned Systems with emphasis on their use as tools for exploration and operation in space. Remotely Manned Systems missions and functions in space are described and classified in relation to other existing or planned space systems. Problem areas of large-scale man-machine systems are identified based on experience in the Surveyor program, the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter project and the Apollo program. The effects of communication time delay on system performance are investigated using the average velocity of a Martian rover as performance indicator. A substantial performance increase can be achieved by providing certain autonomous capabilities to the remote system.

Heer, E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

ASTP multipurpose furnace experiments

The Apollo-Suyuz Test Project (ASTP), to be conducted jointly in 1975 by the United States and the Soviet Union, will carry a multipurpose electric furnace rather similar to that carried on the Skylab. This furnace facility will be used to process samples for seven experiments to investigate how crystals grow and molten materials solidify under near-zero-gravity conditions. An outline of the program is given.

Lundquist, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Evaluation of film type QX 807 (SO-368, Kodak Ektachrome MS, Estar thin base, with an equivalent Wratten 2A filter overcoat)

A color film with a sensitivity and color balance equal to SO-368, Kodak MS Ektachrome (Estar thin base) was required for use on the Apollo-Soyuz test project (ASTP). A Wratten 2A filter was required for use with the film to reduce short wavelength effects which frequently produce a blue color balance in aerial photographs. The background regarding a special emulsion which was produced with a 2A filter equivalent as an integral part of an SO-368 film manufactured by Eastman Kodak, the cost for production of the special film, and the results of a series of tests made within PTD to certify the film for ASTP use are documented. The tests conducted and documented were physical inspection, process compatibility, effective sensitivity, color balance, cross section analysis, resolution, spectral sensitivity, consistency of results, and picture sample analysis.

Lockwood, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Monotectic and syntectic alloys: ASTP experiment MA-044

A postflight preliminary technical evaluation is presented of the returned samples of aluminum antimonide (AlSb) syntectic compound and lead-zinc (PbZn) monotectic immiscible processed during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. The returned cartridges, extracted ampoules, and removed samples were examined in detail. A genesis of the experiment is given along with a summary of the efforts and various scheduled tests up to the ASTP mission. A tentative characterization plan is developed from the postflight preliminary examination which makes use of the limited number of available samples and is based on the initial observations. It is indicated that a higher degree of compositional homogeneity in aluminum antimonide was achieved under flight test conditions.

Ang, C. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Program verification document for the ASTP flight program

The various segments of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) flight program were verified. This included checks on the following: general verification, reference systems and transformations, launch preparations, boost navigation and guidance, orbital navigation and guidance, time bases, discretes, and interrupts, launch vehicle attitude control, switch selector processing, digital command system, real time telemetry and data compression, and algorithms.

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NASA NTRS1975

Helical channel multiplier package design for space instrumentation

The package considered is intended for the channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors which are to be used for the extreme ultraviolet telescope and helium glow detector instruments of the Apollo-Soyuz test project. In the package design selected, the cone of the CEM is supported at the front end by a silicone rubber ring which is molded in place and self-bonded to both the cone and the housing wall. The helix is supported and insulated from the housing by a fiber glass sleeve which is bonded to the inside of the housing.

Hoshiko, H. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The international age in space

International cooperation in space programs is discussed. Early international efforts, such as the establishment of tracking station networks and utilization of communications and weather satellites, are outlined, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project and the Spacelab-Shuttle project are cited as major cooperative ventures. The ATS-6, Helios, and ERTS projects - which demonstrate the importance of international ties to the space program - are detailed.

Frutkin, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Apollo Soyuz Mission: 5-Day Report

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission objectives and technical investigations are summarized. Topics discussed include: spacecraft and crew systems performance; joint flight activities; scientific and applications experiments; in-flight demonstrations; biomedical considerations; and mission support performance.

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NASA NTRS1975

ASTP Onboard Voice Transcription

The transcription is presented of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project voice communications as recorded on the command module data storage equipment. Data from this recorder are telemetered (dumped) to Space Tracking and Data Network sites for retransmission to the Johnson Space Center. The transcript is divided into three columns -- time, speaker, and text. The Greenwich mean time column consists of three two-digit numbers representing hours, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 22 34 14) for the Julian dates shown at the top of the page on which a new day begins. The speaker column indicates the source of a transmission; the text column contains the verbatim transcript of the communications.

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NASA NTRS1975

ASTP Technical Air-To-Ground Voice Transcription

The transcription of the technical air-to-ground voice communication of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission was presented. The transcript was divided into three columns giving, respectively, the time, speaker, and text. All times are expressed in Greenwich mean time for the appropriate Julian dates. The speaker column indicates the source of transmission; the text column contains the verbatim transcript of the communications. Special symbols were used to report garbling, pauses or self-interruptions, interruptions by other speakers or abrupt terminations, emphasized words, obliterations, and material translated from Russian.

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NASA NTRS1976

Soft X-ray observation experiment MA-048

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project Soft X-ray Experiment was designed to observe celestial X-ray sources in the energy range from 0.1 to 10 kiloelectronvolts. The instrument that was used in the experiment obtained energy and fast timing data to characterize both the spectrum and the variability of known X-ray sources. Data were obtained on approximately 12 sources. During the mission, the instrument developed an intermittent high voltage discharge problem that resulted in the loss of approximately 75 percent of the anticipated data, including the scans intended for mapping of the low energy diffuse X-ray background.

Shulman, S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Stratospheric aerosol measurement experiment MA-007

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement Experiment was flown to demonstrate that direct solar occultation measurements by photometers and photographs can be used for defining stratospheric aerosol concentrations. Supporting ground truth data were provided by laser radar and balloon borne dustsonde. Initial results show a significant difference in aerosol concentrations between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Pepin, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Earth observations and photography experiment MA-136

The primary objectives of the earth observations and photography experiment of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project were to photograph various terrestrial structures and to use the capabilities of man as a trained observer in visually studying earth features and phenomena. Man's special capabilities include the sensitivity of the eye to subtle color variations and the speed with which the eye/brain system can interpret what is seen and select targets for photography. Real time astronaut observations constitute a useful complement to orbital photographs and greatly aid in their interpretation. Targets for mapping and hand held photography were selected on the basis of their value to specialists in the earth sciences including geology, oceanography, desert study, hydrology, meteorology, and environmental science.

El-Baz, F.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Geodynamics experiment MA-128

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project Geodynamics Experiment was performed to assess the feasibility of tracking and recovering high frequency components of the earth gravity field by utilizing a synchronous orbiting tracking station such as Applications Technology Satellite 6. Two prime areas of data collection were selected for this experiment. The first area is the center of the African continent, and the second area is the Indian Ocean depression centered at latitude 5 N and longitude 75 E. Preliminary results show that the detectability objective of the experiment has been achieved in both areas as well as in several additional anomalous areas around the globe. Gravity anomalies of the Karakoram and Himalayan mountain ranges of ocean trenches, and of the Diamantina depth are specific examples.

Vonbun, F. O.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Quantitative observation of light flash sensations experiment MA-106

Light flashes caused by the interaction of cosmic particles with the visual apparatus have been observed by astronauts on all space missions since Apollo 11. This Apollo Soyuz Test Project experiment compared measurements of the observer's visual sensitivity with measurements of the ambient radiation environment and with the frequency and character of the flashes observed. The data obtained reveal a latitude dependence of the frequency of observed flashes. This distribution of flashes is correlated with the distribution of cosmic particles with stopping power greater than 15 keV/ micrometers in the eye. The interaction of dark adaptation, specific ionization, and range of particles in the retina as factors in the visualization of particle passage is discussed.

Budinger, T. F.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Zone-forming fungi experiment MA-147

Streptomyces levoris was used as an experimental microorganism during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project to study specific biological considerations that may be influenced by space flight factors. Preflight, inflight, and postflight growth rates of the cultures were compared by photographing the specimens at regular intervals. Preliminary results based on visual comparison of the photographic data indicate that an increased growth rate occurred during space flight in two of eight flight specimens. The increased growth rate continued in the two specimens during the postflight period until termination of the experiment. Radiation effects may be responsible for the absence of spores in two areas of the last spore ring that was formed during the inflight period in one of the flight cultures; however, the radiation studies related to this experiment have not been completed. Distinct morphological differences in spore rings were observed when postflight spore rings were compared with inflight spore rings. Factors that are related to space flight recovery and reentry into earth gravity may have effected these alterations.

Rogers, T. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Cellular immune response experiment MA-031

Significant changes in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lymphocytic responsiveness occurred in the cellular immune response of three astronauts during the 9 day flight of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project. Parameters studied were white blood cell concentrations, lymphocyte numbers, B- and T-lymphocyte distributions in peripheral blood, and lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA, pokeweed mitogen, Concanavalin A, and influenza virus antigen.

Criswell, B. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The effects of space flight on polymorphonuclear leukocyte response experiment MA-032

In a series of studies performed at intervals from 30 day before flight to 30 days after recovery, blood samples were obtained from the three astronauts of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project and from eight control subjects. To determine the effects of space flight on polymorphonuclear leukocytes, tests were performed on blood samples obtained as quickly as possible after splashdown and on the day following recovery. The astronauts' inhalation of propellant gases and the inception of corticosteroid therapy 1 day after recovery provided an additional opportunity to investigate the possible effects of these factors on leukocyte function. Data were obtained during each time period on the total leukocyte count, differential count, leukocyte adhesion, leukocyte migration and chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and histochemical staining for leukocyte acid and alkaline phosphatase. These observations present a variety of in vitro correlates to white blood cell function within the body. Taken together, they serve as a reasonable approximation of the effects of space flight on leukocyte function.

Martin, R. R.↗