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At least 595 records · Page 33

First Axionlike Particle Results from a Broadband Search for Wavelike Dark Matter in the 44 to 52 μ eV Range with a Coaxial Dish Antenna

We present the results from the first axionlike particle search conducted using a dish antenna. The experiment was conducted at room temperature and sensitive to axionlike particles in the 44 – 52 μ eV range (10.7–12.5 GHz). The novel dish antenna geometry was proposed by the BREAD Collaboration and previously used to conduct a dark photon search in the same mass range. To allow for axionlike particle sensitivity, the BREAD dish antenna was placed in a 3.9 T solenoid magnet at Argonne National Laboratory. In the presence of a magnetic field, axionlike dark matter converts to photons at the conductive surface of the reflector. The signal is focused onto a custom coaxial horn antenna and read out with a low-noise radio-frequency receiver. No evidence of axionlike dark matter was observed in this mass range and we place the most stringent laboratory constraints on the axion-photon coupling strength, g a γ γ , in this mass range at 90% confidence.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Antenna pointing system- organization and performance

This paper is a description of the antenna pointing system used in the satellite ground station at Andover, Maine. It is an introduction to the following five papers in this issue, which describe and discuss in some detail the various major parts and features of the antenna pointing system. In order that the antenna have sufficient gain for the Telstar experiment, it was necessary that it have a “pencil” beam of about 15 degree in diameter. This requires an antenna pointing system of high accuracy. The equipment and methods required to achieve this accuracy are outlined.

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL↗

Shortened horn-reflector antenna

A shortened horn-reflector antenna overcomes the mechanical disadvantages and complexity of the conventional horn-reflector antenna. The shortened antenna offers broadband performance, economic construction, very low antenna temperature, and excellent pattern performance.

Lantz, P. A.↗

Antenna feeds and receivers

The results of 7 months of study, tradeoffs, test design, and fabrication are presented for an effort to modify three ground stations in support of the ATS-F program. As a result of tests on the existing feed system of the Rosman No. 2 85-foot antenna and on the transportable ground station (TGS) 40-foot antenna, it was determined that modifications of the existing phase-compensating rotary joints at Rosman are feasible. Other components must be completely replaced. In the TGS antenna feed system, it was found to be feasible to broadband the existing monopulse comparator by adding simple irises and posts; both spare and active comparators were modified. The TGS polarizers can be broadbanded by adjusting existing pins and adding two new pins. These modifications are also directly applicable to the Mojave 40-foot antenna. Detailed electrical and mechanical characteristics are presented for the new equipment, as well as installation plans to enable NASA and its contractors to determine the adequacy of the designs and to confirm that planned locations are both available and compatible with planned operational concepts.

Mccall, B.↗

STADAN antenna gain calibration using radio stars

An antenna gain measurement method was developed which utilizes a signal emitted from a radio star to determine absolute antenna gain at 136 MHz and 400 MHz for antennas in the STADAN network. An error analysis of the radio star method shows that the overall standard deviation uncertainty in antenna gain is + or - 0.6 db (1 sigma).

Taylor, R. E.↗

The 136 MHZ/400 MHz earth station antenna-noise temperature prediction program for RAE-B

A simulation study was undertaken to determine the 136 MHz and 400 MHz noise temperature of the ground network antennas which will track the RAE-B satellite during data transmission periods. Since the noise temperature of the antenna effectively sets the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, a knowledge of SNR will be helpful in locating the optimum time windows for data transmission during low noise periods. Antenna noise temperatures will be predicted for selected earth-based ground stations which will support RAE-B. Telemetry data acquisition will be at 400 MHz; tracking support at 136 MHz will be provided by the Goddard Range and Range Rate (RARR) stations. The antenna-noise temperature predictions will include the effects of galactic-brightness temperature, the sun, and the brightest radio stars. Predictions will cover the ten-month period from March 1, 1973 to December 31, 1973.

Taylor, R. E.↗

The 136 MHz/400 MHz earth station antenna-noise temperature prediction program documentation for RAE-B

A simulation study to determine the 136 MHz and 400 MHz noise temperature of the ground network antennas which will track the RAE-B satellite during data transmission periods is described. Since the noise temperature of the antenna effectively sets the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal, a knowledge of SNR will be helpful in locating the optimum time windows for data transmission during low-noise periods. Antenna-noise temperatures at 136 MHz and 400 MHz will be predicted for selected earth-based ground stations which will support RAE-B. The antenna-noise temperature predictions will include the effects of galactic-brightness temperature, the sun, and the brightest radio stars. Predictions will cover the ten-month period from March 1, 1973 to December 31, 1973. The RAE-B mission will be expecially susceptible to SNR degradation during the two eclipses of the Sun occurring in this period.

Chin, M.↗

Theoretical analyses on Apollo lunar surface electrical properties experiment transmitter antenna.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the transmitter antenna of lunar surface electrical properties experiment. It is desirable to evaluate the current distribution, far-field radiation pattern and input impedance of the transmitter antenna in order to determine the electromagnetic sounding effects from the lunar subsurface. The analysis is based on the treatise of the long wire antenna with passive loadings. Both cases of the antenna placed in free space and in a dissipative medium are taken into consideration.-

Yu, I.-P.↗

Computer controlled antenna system

The application of small computers using digital techniques for operating the servo and control system of large antennas is discussed. The advantages of the system are described. The techniques were evaluated with a forty foot antenna and the Sigma V computer. Programs have been completed which drive the antenna directly without the need for a servo amplifier, antenna position programmer or a scan generator.

Raumann, N. A.↗

High performance S-band horn antennas for radiometer use

Horn antennas of four types: pyramidal corrugated, conical corrugated, pyramidal dual mode and conical dual mode, have been constructed and evaluated for use as S-band radiometer antennas. Each of the structures is described and radiation patterns and impedance and resistive loss measurements including a layer of foreign material on a thin radome, are presented. A precision method for determining reflection losses is described using a multiprobe reflectometer technique. The same technique is also applied to the measurement of resistive losses by closing the ends of the antennas with short circuit plates and determining the losses from an accurate measurement of the reflection coefficient. The radiation patterns were recorded with the aid of a real-time digital computer. The stored patterns were then processed to yield gain and beam efficiency. It was concluded that it is possible to design a highly efficient antenna for radiometer use and to measure its parameters precisely. However, it was found that it is necessary to modify the conventional definition of beamwidth somewhat if this term is to be meaningful for radiometer applications.

Caldecott, R.↗

Turnstile slot antenna

A turnstile slot antenna is disclosed, the antenna being for and integral with a spacecraft having a substantially cylindrical body portion. The antenna comprises a circumferential slot about the periphery of the spacecraft body portion with an annular wave guide cavity defining a radial transmission line disposed within the spacecraft body portion behind and in communication with the circumferential slot. Feed stubs and associated transmission apparatus are provided to excite the annular cavity in quadrature phase such that an omnidirectional, circularly polarized, rotating radiation pattern is generated. The antenna of the instant invention has utility both as a transmitting and receiving device, and ensures continuous telemetry and command coverage with the spacecraft.

Munson, R. E.↗

A survey of ATL-compatible radiometer antennas

A survey was made of antennas suitable for remote sensing of the earth's surface, in particular the world ocean, by means of microwave radiometers operating in the 1 to 26 GHz frequency region and carried on board the shuttle-launched advanced technology laboratory. Array antennas are found to be unattractive and unsuited to the task. Reflectors, including Cassegrain and offset types, as well as horn-reflectors are possible candidates but all have shortcomings which impair the accuracy of measurement. Horns of the corrugated type have excellent electrical characteristics. Although they are physically very large and will require development of suitable deployment mechanisms, they appear to be valid candidates for the task. The evolution of the periscope antenna is outlined, and it is shown to possess nearly ideal electrical characteristics for the intended application. Its only shortcoming is that the feed horn creates aperture blocking; there is no blocking due to struts or any other source. The periscope antenna is recommended for ATL radiometry.

Love, A. W.↗

Space Shuttle S-band antenna system

The NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter presents some very challenging antenna design problems for the S-band Orbiter to ground and Orbiter to relay satellite communications links. The line of sight to the ground and/or relay satellite during the various mission phases dictates an almost omni-directional coverage requirement, but the circuit margins require at least a 3 dB gain over this same coverage region. In addition, the environmental conditions imposed by the Orbiter mission dictate a flush mounted rugged antenna design. A number of potential antenna designs have been evaluated and found not to meet the Orbiter requirements. A small passive array of cavity backed spirals was found to offer the most potential to meet the design requirements. New circuit margin requirements presently under study have forced the consideration of the use of an active transmit/receive phased array design that considerably complicates the antenna design, but provides more than 10 dB of additional gain for circuit margin improvement.

Walton, M. D.↗

Spurious signals generated by electron tunneling on large reflector antennas

Large reflector antennas are currently fabricated by assembling a large number of small light aluminum panels onto a superstructure. A large number of aluminum-to-aluminum joints are inherently exposed to RF radiation on such an antenna. It is shown in this paper that the natural oxide layer on aluminum is of the correct thickness to permit electron tunneling through the Al-Al2O3-Al junctions. The nonlinearity due to the junctions then generates spurious signals when these antennas are used for simultaneous transmission and reception of signals at different frequencies. Moreover, the large number of junctions (rivets) on an antenna can combine to produce serious interference in these diplexed systems.

Higa, W. H.↗

In-flight calibration of the high-gain antenna pointing for the Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973 spacecraft

The methods used to in-flight calibrate the pointing direction of the Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973 spacecraft high gain antenna and the achieved antenna pointing accuracy are described. The overall pointing calibration was accomplished by performing calibration sequences at a number of points along the spacecraft trajectory. Each of these consisted of articulating the antenna about the expected spacecraft-earth vector to determine systematic pointing errors. The high gain antenna pointing system, the error model used in the calibration, and the calibration and pointing strategy and results are discussed.

Hardman, J. M.↗

The X-band low noise antenna measurement cone

An X-band low-noise receiving cone with 17-MHz instantaneous bandwidth was built to evaluate the 26-m antenna at the Venus Station (DSS 13), Goldstone, California, at X-band frequencies, and also to provide a means for precise radio source calibrations in this frequency range. These measurments are necessary to provide more accurate antenna gain performance calibrations for the 64-m antenna subnet. The zenith system temperatures with the cone on the ground and on the antenna are 17.5 and 20.8 K, respectively.

Reid, M. S.↗

Shuttle orbiter C-band beacon antenna location study

A recommendation for the location of the Space Shuttle C-Band Beacon Antenna(s) to be used during Approach and Landing Tests was made. The study has included an Orbiter-to-ground radar look angle evaluation, a vehicle shadowing evaluation and extensive 1/10-scale antenna pattern measurements. Locations were limited to the cutouts for the S-Band Quads and Hemis to minimize skin perturbation. The results show that a single C-Band Antenna located in the lower Hemi cutout will provide optimum coverage and eliminate the need for switching and the undesirable interferometer effects of two antennas.

Lindsey, J. F.↗

Design of an offset fed scanning antenna for the shuttle imaging microwave system

A design study is described for a mechanically scanned offset fed parabolic torus reflector antenna having a 4m x 2m aperture for simultaneous use at eleven frequency channels from UHF to millimeter wavelengths. A design for the antenna is presented utilizing dipole and horn feeds at the low frequencies and a Gregorian aberration correcting subreflector system for feeding the torus at the high frequencies. The results and details of a theroetical study based on geometrical optics performed to evaluate the high frequency design and the results of an experimental study involving a one-tenth scale model for evaluation of the low-frequency behavior are given. Beam efficiencies, antenna patterns, beamwidths and cross polarization levels are presented and these results demonstrate that the antenna concept is viable for the Shuttle Imaging Microwave System requirement.

Gustincic, J. J.↗