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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Analysis of Seismic Signals Generated by Vehicle Traffic with Application to Derivation of Subsurface Q-Values

Correct identification and modeling of anthropogenic sources of ground motion are of considerable importance for many studies, including detection of small earthquakes and imaging seismic properties below the surface. Here, to understand signals generated by common vehicle traffic, we use seismic data recorded by closely spaced geophones normal to roads at two sites on San Jacinto fault zone. To quantify the spatiotemporal and frequency variations of the recorded ground motions, we develop a simple analytical solution accounting for propagation and attenuation of surface waves. The model reproduces well-observed bell-shaped spectrograms of car signals recorded by geophones close to roads, and it can be used to estimate frequency-dependent Q-values of the subsurface materials. The data analysis indicates Q-values of 3–40, for frequencies up to 150 Hz for road-receiver paths at the two examined sites. The derived Q-values are consistent with attenuation factors of surface waves previously obtained with other methods. The analytical results and analysis procedure provide a highly efficient method for deriving Q-values of shallow subsurface materials.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

LLNL Kimberlina 1.2 NUFT Simulations June 2018 (v2)

This dataset contains the output 6,000, 3-dimensional reactive multi-phase flow and transport aquifer simulations of brine and CO2 leakage into a protective aquiver in California’s San Joaquin Valley and input data files detailing the geologic mesh, aquifer physical properties and CO2 and brine injection rates. This data set was generated as an ongoing effort with the US DOE National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring techniques to detect brine and CO2 leakage from legacy wells into underground sources of drinking water overlaying a CO2 storage reservoir. Each simulation contains a unique set of input parameters, generated stochastically. The outputs consist of these upper three geologic layers (from top): the Etchegoin, Macoma-Chanac, Santa Margarita-McLure formations. These simulations span the several distances (1, 3 and 6 km or wells W31-0.2, W31-0.5 and W31-1.0, respectively) from the CO2 injector, initiated from bottom hole pressure and saturation to calculate wellbore leakage from the storage reservoir, with low and high regional groundwater gradients and wellbore leakage into 5 leaky nodes. The dataset includes 1,000 unique simulations for each distance, which each contain a unique aquifer heterogeneity, aquifer and caprock permeability, and two model generations are included with a high permeability (prod07) and hybrid permeability (prod09). The range of permeability distributions is listed in Table 1. Each model generation consists of 3,000 simulations. Included in the dataset are the leakage rates determined from 2D wellbore models which utilize the pressure and CO2 saturation from LBL's reservoir simulations, NUFT mesh files with distributed lithology, NUFT rocktab files which describe the material properties for the geologic layers and the NUFT input files and post-processed output 'ntab' files. Each ntab file contains spatial (rows) and temporal (columns) model output tables for each model cell, the locations (x,y,z) and dimensions for each cells (dx, dy, dz). Table 1. Permeability distribution ranges for prod07 and prod09 model generations Geologic Layer: Permeability Range (log10 m^2) prod07 prod09 Etchegoin -12.92 to -10.92 -13.70 to -11.44 Macoma-Chanac -12.72 to -10.72 -13.50 to -11.24 Santa Margarita-McLure -12.70 to -10.70 -13.48 to -11.22 The input files used to generate the model include which are included in the dataset are: Time series of CO2 leakage input into the model (ex: Q_brn.W31-0.2.sim1000.layers123.tab) Time series of CO2 leakage input into the model (ex: Q_CO2.W31-0.2.sim1000.layers123.tab) Physical properties of the aquifer materials detailing the aquifer porosity, solid density, partitioning coefficients, permeabilities and van-Genuchten parameters detailed in a NUFT rocktab file: (ex: sim1000.usnt.rocktab) Numerical mesh and geologic data assigned to each model cell detailed in a NUFT genmsh format (ex: sim1000.mesh_k16.prod07.trans.genmsh) The primary output parameters are: pH (use absolute value) Change in TDS (mg/kg) Change in Pressure (Pa) Change CO2 gas saturation (fraction range 0.0-1.0) for example, the directory /p/lscratchh/mansoor1/nrap/kimberlina/prod09/mainfiles/sim1000/W31- 0.2 contains: sim1000.W31-0.2.trans.pH.red.ntab sim1000.W31-0.2.no_bg.trans.TDS.red.ntab sim1000.W31-0.2.usnt.P.deltabg.red.ntab sim1000.W31-0.2.usnt.CO2_sat.deltabg.red.ntab Each row in the NTAB files consist of model output per numerical grid cell. Each output file contains 33 columns (variables), including the information of numerical records, geologic location and sizes and the simulated parameter values over time. The first 13 variables are about numerical records and relative geologic information for a simulation grid: 1. index: simulation index 2. i: the ith grid of x-axis 3. j: the ith grid of y-axis 4. k: the ith grid of z-axis 5. element_ref: element reference 6. nuft_ind: nuft index 7. x: grid location in the x axis direction 8. y: grid location in the y axis direction 9. z: grid location in the z axis direction 10. dx: grid length in the x axis direction 11. dy: grid length in the y axis direction 12. dz: grid length in the z axis direction 13. volume: volume of the simulation grid The remainder (14, 15, 16...) variables are the simulated parameter values over time, take Pressure as an example, are: 14. 0.0y: initial pressure per cell. 15. 10.0y: simulated pressure at the end of the 10th year. 16. 20.0y: simulated pressure at the end of the 20th year. ... (repeated for every 10 years until 200 years)... The model extends 10,000 m, 5,000 m and 1,411 m in the x,y and z dimensions, respectively. The mesh consists of 164,832 cells with mesh dimensions of 101 x 51 x 32 (nx, ny, nz), with cell dimensions ranging from 100 m laterally (along x and y-axis) and model layers are as designated in the z-axis: Layer 1: atmosphere (1e-30 m thick) Layer 2: upper caprock (10 m thick) Layers 3-13: Etchegoin (536.23 m thck) Layers 14-27: Macoma-Chanac (679.04 m thick) Layers 28-32: Santa Margarita-McLure (185.94 m thick) The wellbore is placed along node i=51, j=26, and extends vertically along 5 nodes from the top to the bottom of the model. Special instructions when extracting files: Each Gzip archive (ex: prod07.sim1000-sim00099.tar.gz) contains 100 simulations. Gzip archives should be transferred into base directories (ie. In Linux: mkdir prod07; mv prod07.*.tar.gz prod07/.) before extracting, or files will be overwritten. Each sub-simulation tree should have the following file structure pattern (using the linux 'tree' command): |-- prod07 | |-- sim0001 | |-- W31-0.2 | | |-- Q_brn.W31-0.2.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- Q_co2.W31-0.2.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.2.no_bg.trans.TDS.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.2.trans.pH.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.2.usnt.CO2_sat.deltabg.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.2.usnt.P.deltabg.red.ntab | |-- W31-0.5 | | |-- Q_brn.W31-0.5.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- Q_co2.W31-0.5.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.5.no_bg.trans.TDS.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.5.trans.pH.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.5.usnt.CO2_sat.deltabg.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-0.5.usnt.P.deltabg.red.ntab | |-- W31-1.0 | | |-- Q_brn.W31-1.0.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- Q_co2.W31-1.0.sim0001.layers123.tab | | |-- sim0001.W31-1.0.no_bg.trans.TDS.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-1.0.trans.pH.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-1.0.usnt.CO2_sat.deltabg.red.ntab | | |-- sim0001.W31-1.0.usnt.P.deltabg.red.ntab | |-- sim0001.mesh_k16.prod07.trans.genmsh Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This report was reviewed and released as LLNL-MI-753464.

aquifer↗
DOE OSTI2023

SMART CarbonSAFE Model

The modeling work for this project built upon previous work done for the CarbonSAFE Rocky Mountain Phase I. A geologic and dynamic model was built in Petrel version 2019.3 for the area of the Colorado Plateau near Price, Utah. It is located at the north end of the San Rafael Swell in a natural gas field called Drunkards Wash. The model is 61.5 km east-west and 53 km north to south with 123x106x21 cells, giving a cell dimension of 50x50 m2. The 21 layers in the Z direction are of varying thickness depending on the formation. The Carmel, the seal layer, has 3 layers and is about 200 meters thick around the injection well. The Navajo Sandstone, the principal reservoir, has 5 layers and is about 100 meters thick. The Kayenta has 5 layers and is roughly 50 meters thick and the Wingate, a secondary reservoir, has 5 layers and is 120 meters thick. The base of the model is the Chinle Formation with 3 layers and about 120 meters of thickness..

Carbon Dioxide↗
DOE OSTI2025

Basin-Scale Structural Features Database

The Basin-Scale Structural Features database provides spatial datasets of faults, fractures, folds, and earthquakes compiled from public, authoritative sources (e.g., U.S. Geological Survey and State Geological Surveys) and aggregated into derivative forms to support subsurface assessments. Recognizing that characterizing basin-scale structural features requires interpreting data that are often ambiguous or lack key information, the source data were evaluated using a knowledge-data framework and geospatial fuzzy logic method (Justman et al., 2020) to represent both measured (observed) and predicted (inferred or potential) structural features as derivative datasets. This workflow employs conceptual models for known structural features and predicted structural features, incorporating geospatial data to estimate potential, even with limited data. The aim is to aid and support an understanding of basin-scale features and identify potential gaps in data and knowledge. As of 4/30/2025, the database includes resources for nine sedimentary basins: Appalachian, Denver, U.S. Gulf Coast, Illinois, Michigan, Permian, Sacramento, San Joquin and Williston. The database is organized by basin and then data category: 1) Faults, fractures, folds, 2) Earthquakes, 3) Topographic, 4) Structural contours and isopachs, 5) Geophysical, and 6) Structural feature density assessment maps.

basin scale↗
DOE OSTI2025

CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Evaluation System (CO2_E_EvSystem), Version 2025

The United States Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Fossil Energy and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) developed a suite of screening-level, techno-economic models/tools, known as the CO2_E_EvSystem, to evaluate technical aspects and costs of using carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to store CO2 and produce oil. CO2_E_EvSystem has three software components and several input and output files. The software components are CO2_E_EvTool, CO2_Prophet, and CO2_E_COM. Almost all computational work is performed by CO2_Prophet and CO2_E_COM, which are both Fortran programs. The primary role of CO2_E_EvTool is to manage input and output files for the two programs, run the two programs, allow multiple oilfields to be evaluated in a single run, and generate files that summarize the results for all the oilfields run. This version of the CO2_E_EvSystem includes a residual oil zone dataset from the San Andres formation, Permian Basin, to demonstrate the system and guide users on attributes needed for dataset inputs.

AS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design of a shipping fixture for a compact cryomodule hermetic assembly

In support of the development of a conduction-cooled 915MHz superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cryomodule, this study highlights the design of a shipping fixture for transporting the hermetic assembly 4500 km from Jefferson Lab to General Atomics in San Diego, California. The hermetic assembly consists of a 2-cell 915 MHz SRF cavity, a coaxial fundamental power coupler and warm-to-cold transition beam tubes. The two-part shipping assembly consists of an inner frame, providing direct mounting of the components, and an outer frame mounted to the ground transport vehicle. The inner frame is then connected to the outer frame by way of wire-rope isolators. Accelerometer data from ground transportation of previous projects at Jefferson Lab provides the baseline for the expected frequency and magnitude of vibrational and shock events during transit. Modal analyses were carried out in ANSYS on the inner frame assembly and critical components to identify an appropriate wire-rope isolator configuration such that peak loads are mitigated and the incurred frequencies do not correspond with the fundamental modes of the structures.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Conduction-Cooled Operation of an SRF Multi-Cell Cavity

The development of compact, SRF-based accelerators for applications beyond research is experiencing notable advancements due to the use of cryocoolers for conduction-cooling instead of traditional liquid cryogens. Following the successful demonstration of a single-cell cavity operated through conduction cooling with three two-stage cryocoolers, Jefferson Lab (JLab) has made strides in the operation of a multi-cell resonator. This milestone paves the way for high-energy applications of compact, conduction-cooled SRF machines. The demonstration, carried out in collaboration with General Atomics, will take place in a dedicated horizontal test cryostat (HTC) at their San Diego facility. This presentation will highlight the technological developments, the latest results, and valuable lessons learned.

Vennekate, J. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerat↗
DOE OSTI2021

Seaborgite, LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), the First Uranyl Mineral Containing Lithium

Abstract Seaborgite (IMA2019-087), LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), is a new mineral species from the Blue Lizard mine, Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A. It is a secondary phase found on gypsum in association with copiapite, ferrinatrite, ivsite, metavoltine, and römerite. Seaborgite occurs in sprays of light-yellow, long flattened prisms or blades, up to about 0.2 mm in length. Crystals are elongated on [100], flattened on {010}, and exhibit the forms {100}, {010}, {001}, and {101}. The mineral is transparent with vitreous luster and very pale-yellow streak. It exhibits bright lime-green fluorescence under a 405 nm laser. The Mohs hardness is ~2½. The mineral has brittle tenacity, curved or conchoidal fracture, and one good cleavage on {100}. The measured density is 2.97(2) g/cm3. The mineral is immediately soluble in H2O at room temperature. The mineral is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.505(2), β = 1.522(2), γ = 1.536(2) (white light); 2Vmeas = 85(1)°; moderate r < ν dispersion; orientation X ^ a ≈ 10°; pleochroic X colorless, Y and Z light green-yellow; X < Y ≈ Z. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses of seaborgite undermeasured its Li, K, and Na. The empirical formula using Li, Na, and K based on the structure refinement is Li1.00Na5.81K2.19(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O). Seaborgite is triclinic, P1, a = 5.4511(4), b = 14.4870(12), c = 15.8735(15) Å, α = 76.295(5), β = 81.439(6), γ = 85.511(6)°, V = 1203.07(18) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure (R1 = 0.0377 for 1935 I = 2σI) contains [(UO2)2(SO4)8]4– uranyl-sulfate clusters that are linked into a band by bridging LiO4 tetrahedra. The bands are linked through peripheral SO4 tetrahedra forming a thick heteropolyhedral layer. Channels within the layers contain a K site, while an additional K site, six Na sites, and an SO3OH group occupy the space between the heteropolyhedral layers.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Finchite, Sr(UO 2 ) 2 (V 2 O 8 )·5H 2 O, a new uranyl sorovanadate with the francevillite anion topology

Finchite (IMA2017-052), Sr(UO 2 ) 2 (V 2 O 8 )·5H 2 O, is the first uranium mineral known to contain essential Sr. The new mineral occurs as yellow-green blades up to ~10 µm in length in surface outcrops of the calcrete-type uranium deposit at Sulfur Springs Draw, Martin County, Texas, U.S.A. Crystals of finchite were subsequently discovered underground in the Pandora mine, La Sal, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A., as diamond-shaped golden-yellow crystals reaching up to 1 mm. In this work, the crystal structure of finchite from both localities was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and is orthorhombic, Pcan, with a = 10.363(6) Å, b = 8.498(5) Å, c = 16.250(9) Å, V = 1431.0(13) Å 3 , Z = 4 (R 1 = 0.0555) from Sulfur Springs Draw; and a = 10.3898(16), b = 8.5326(14), c = 16.3765(3) Å, V = 1451.8(4) Å 3 , Z = 4 (R 1 = 0.0600) from the Pandora mine. Electron-probe microanalysis provided the empirical formula (Sr 0.88 K 0.17 Ca 0.10 Mg 0.07 Al 0.03 Fe 0.02 ) Σ1.20 (UO 2 ) 2 (V 2.08 O 8 )·5H 2 O for crystals from Sulfur Springs Draw, and (Sr 0.50 Ca 0.28 Ba 0.22 K 0.05 ) Σ0.94 (U 0.99 O 2 ) 2 (V 2.01 O 8 )·5H 2 O for crystals from the Pandora mine, based on 17 O atoms per formula unit. The structure of finchite contains uranyl vanadate sheets based upon the francevillite topology. Finchite is a possible immobilization species for both uranium and the dangerous radionuclide 90 Sr because of the relative insolubility of uranyl vanadate minerals in water.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bobfinchite, Na[(UO2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O, a new Na-bearing member of the schoepite family

Abstract The new mineral bobfinchite (IMA2020-082), Na[(UO2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O, was found in the Burro mine, Slick Rock district, San Miguel County, Colorado, U.S.A., where it occurs as an oxidation product of uraninite on asphaltite matrix in intimate association with gypsum, natrozippeite, metaschoepite, and uranopilite. Bobfinchite crystals are transparent to translucent, yellow, lozenge-shaped disks up to 0.3 mm wide. Crystals are flattened on [100] and exhibit the forms {100}, {011}, {021}, {021}, and {011}. Bobfinchite has a pale-yellow streak and emits very dim yellow fluorescence under 365 nm ultraviolet illumination. The crystals are brittle with very good {100} cleavage and irregular, stepped fracture. The Mohs hardness is ca. 2 based on scratch tests. The calculated density is 5.044 g/cm3 based on the empirical formula and 5.036 g/cm3 for the ideal formula. Bobfinchite is optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.690(5), β = 1.7205(5), and γ = 1.730(5) (white light). The measured 2V, estimated from the interference figure, is 55(5)° and the calculated value is 59.1°. Dispersion is moderate, r > v; orientation: X = a, Y = b, Z = c; pleochroism: X nearly colorless, Y yellow, Z yellow; X < Y ≈Z. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula (Na0.99Pb0.02)[(UO2)7.99O3(OH)11]·10H2O. The five strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs in Å(I)(hkl)]: 7.34(100)(200), 3.59(50)(024), 3.23(60)(224), 3.18(36)(240), and 2.01(23)(624,551,208,640,346). Bobfinchite is orthorhombic, Pbcn, a = 14.6249(9), b = 14.0389(10), c = 16.6923(10) Å, V = 3427.2(4) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure of bobfinchite (R1 = 0.0330 for 3770 I > 4σI) is built from uranyl oxide-hydroxide sheets that adopt the fourmarierite topology, with interlayer Na+ and H2O groups. Both the sheet and interlayer topology mimic those observed in natural and synthetic Na-metaschoepites studied previously, and as seen in other uranyl oxide hydrate minerals, charge balance is achieved at specific sites in the sheet through the substitution O2– ↔ (OH)–.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multifamily Building Stock Modeling: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-17-00701

U.S. multifamily buildings house 35 million households, consuming 4 quads of source energy and spending $48 billion on utility bills every year. Almost all of these households live in urban areas, where cities are taking the lead on setting aggressive energy goals. Cities currently do not have the data and tools necessary to identify and target opportunities to save energy in their building stock. Building on the open-source, OpenStudio-based ResStock platform, this project will extend the publicly-available ResStock modeling capabilities to the multifamily sector, enabling Radiant Labs, and others, to partner with cities to market and strategically deploy cost-effective, energy efficiency (EE) upgrades directly to high-priority households. Radiant Labs has been successful in using ResStock's single-family capabilities to provide value to the City of Boulder, Colorado. However, lack of multifamily capabilities in ResStock is a roadblock for Radiant Labs working with New York City, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and other cities that have expressed significant interest in working with them. In addition, other cities, companies, and utilities can use these open-source capabilities to grow their EE portfolios, thereby multiplying the impact of this project. This work also enables national-scale analysis of EE potential in multifamily buildings, which is of strong interest to a variety of stakeholders, including the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA), DOE Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hot Electron Scaling and Energy Coupling In Nonlinear Laser Plasma Interactions

Energy conversion from high power lasers to energetic hot electrons is a fundamental phenomenon in laser-plasma interactions. At laser intensities above a few times 10 14 W/cm 2 , nonlinear laser-plasma interactions lead to the generation of hot electrons with a broad energy distribution at typical temperatures of 10’s – 100’s kilo-electron-volt (keV). The fraction of laser energy transferred to hot electrons, their energy distribution and energy coupling efficiency to the targets are strongly affected by the laser intensity, wavelength and the plasma condition. Most investigations to date that are related to the fusion of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas (HEDLP) are carried out with relatively moderate laser intensity and lower laser wavelength to minimize hot electron generation, as electron preheating can degrade the fuel assembly. An alternative fusion scheme known as shock ignition (SI) has been proposed, requiring a high intensity spike pulse at the end of a fuel assembly phase to generate a strong shock to ignite the fuel. An initial shock pressure of 0.3 Gbar is required for ignition-scale targets using the SI scheme, requiring a relatively high on-target laser intensity of 5-10X10 15 W/cm 2 for the spike pulse. At such intensities, copious hot electrons can be produced by laser-plasma-instabilities (LPI), e.g., Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Two-Plasmon Decay (TPD). While very energetic electrons (>200 keV) could preheat the fuel, electrons with moderate energies may actually be beneficial for the SI scheme. Electrons in the 50-100 keV range can be stopped in the compressed high-density outer ablator layer leading to an increase in the ignitor shock strength and therefore enhancing overall efficiency in the SI scheme. Considering this importance of total energy and temperature of hot electrons, it is necessary to understand the LPI in the SI high intensity regime. Characterizing the hot electron source and energy coupling is key to investigating the viability of the SI concept. The overall goal of the HEDLP award was to perform a detailed study of the scaling of hot electron generation and energy coupling on high power laser systems, with intensity, wavelength, and target ablator material relevant to the nonlinear laser-plasma interaction at SI relevant conditions. This was a collaborative project between the Center for Energy Research at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and General Atomics. The experiment was performed at the Omega Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) in the University of Rochester. Specific objectives of the work were to: understand the basic physics of laser-plasma interactions and instabilities at high laser intensities (up to 10 17 W/cm 2 ) and the effects of low-Z ablator materials and laser wavelengths (IR pulse at 1.054 µm versus UV pulse at 0.351 µm) and intensity scaling, fully characterize the resultant hot electron energy distribution, validate hot electron energy deposition via collisional and kinetic processes in the target and the induced shocks in support of electron-assisted SI concept.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Arroyo Seco Improvement Program ( 2019 Annual Report)

The Arroyo Seco Improvement Program is being carried out at Sandia National Laboratories, California in order to address erosion and other streambed instability issues in the Arroyo Seco as it crosses the Sandia National Laboratories, California. The work involves both repair of existing eroded areas, and habitat enhancement. This work is being carried out under the requirements of Army Corps of Engineers permit 2006-400195S and California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region Water Quality Certification Site No. 02-01-00987.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

An Assessment of the Potential for Utility-Scale Solar Energy Development on the Navajo Nation

The Navajo Nation covers about 27,000 square miles in the Southwestern United States with approximately 270 sunny days a year. Therefore, the Navajo Nation has the potential to develop utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) energy for the Navajo people and export electricity to major cities to generate revenues. In April 2019, the Navajo Nation issued a proclamation to increase residential and utility-scale renewable energy development on the Navajo Nation. In response, this research assesses the potential for utility-scale solar energy development on the Navajo Nation using criteria such as access to roads, transmission lines, slope/terrain data, aspect/direction, and culturally sensitive sites. These datasets are applied as layers using ArcGIS to identify regions that have good potential for utility-scale solar PV installations. Land availability on the Navajo Nation has been an issue for developing utility-scale solar PV, so this study proposes potential locations for solar PV and how much energy these potential sites could generate. Furthermore, two coal-fired power plants, the Navajo Generating Station and the San Juan Generating Station, will close soon and impact the Navajo Nation's energy supply and economy. This study seeks to answer two main questions: whether utility- scale solar energy could be used to replace the energy generated by both coal-fired powerplants, and what percentage of the Navajo Nation's energy demands can be met by utility-scale solar energy development? Economic development is a major concern; therefore, this study also examines what utility-scale solar development will mean for the Navajo Nation economy. The results of this study show that the Navajo Nation has a potential PV capacity of 45,729 MW to 91,459 MW. Even with the lowest calculated capacity, utility-scale solar PV has the potential to generate more than 11 times the power of the NGS and SJGS combined.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interactions Between Microturbulence and Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in Magnetized Plasmas (Final Technical Report)

This document details the work accomplished during the period 04/15/2012-01/31/2020 for the collaborative project “Interactions Between Microturbulence and Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in Magnetized Plasmas,” and serves as the final report on the University of California, San Diego part of this collaborative project for Department of Energy Office of Science - Fusion Energy Sciences Grant No. DE- SC0007783. This project focused on the development of analytic and computational tools, seeking to better understand the mutual interactions between small-scale temperature-gradient driven microturbulence and macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, particularly tearing modes, in magnetically confined plasmas relevant for the generation of fusion energy. This project advanced understanding through numerical simulations of different sets of model equations, corresponding to different microturbulence instabilities. Questions addressed included how the magnitudes, spatial structures, and scaling's of turbulent forcing's and drags impact magnetic island dynamics, as well as quantifying the “region of influence” of an island on the microturbulence dynamics. A key finding of the project is that the microturbulence fluctuations and associated cross-field particle and energy fluxes exhibit spatial asymmetries for sufficiently large islands. The results have improved our fundamental understanding of plasma dynamics, motivated new experimental investigations, and will help inform future fusion predictive modeling efforts.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Site 300 Bat Survey Report

A review of prior bat records in literature and museum collections for the five counties around Site 300 (Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Santa Clara, and Stanislaus) identified 1038 specimens of 15 species. No roosting bats or bat sign indicating roosting were observed in examining samples of structures on Site 300 both day and night. Acoustic monitoring and visual observation detected seven to nine species, including three special status species -- the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, the western red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii and the Yuma myotis, Myotis yumanensis. An additional special status species, the long-legged myotis, Myotis volans was possibly present. As a consequence of the windy conditions typically encountered, no bats were caught in mist net sampling, though simultaneous acoustic monitoring demonstrated bats were present at those locations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Site 300 B-851 Permit: Radiological Assumptions and Source Term - Air Dispersion Modeling for Radiological Dose Assessment

The following modeling assumptions and source term that is provided in the attachments to this document are meant to serve as a guide to the presentation delivered on April 23rd, 2020, to the San Joaquin Air District Permit Services slides. This analysis is in response to the District’s “Project Incompleteness Letter” (Facility Number: N-472 and Project Number: N-1173492) regarding the potential for depleted uranium (DU) to be resuspended from areas of contaminated soil at Site 300 as a result of high explosive (HE) experiments increased to a requested permitted maximum of 1,000 pound detonations with an annual HE throughput not to exceed 7,500 pounds per year. LLNL has taken every step in the radiological health risk concerns in the modeling assumptions and final source term to be at a level of maximum conservativeness. As an example, forty soil samples were taken in the B-851 area (LLNL-AR-738708 – 2018) and assayed for uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238 concentrations. The maximum uranium soil concentrations were used in the assumptions (potential for resuspended dust occurring from detonation experiments) and not the use of median uranium soil concentrations – a more realistic outcome. Additionally, these uranium soil concentrations were considered to be at 100% uptake in the vegetation for prescribed burns; vegetation uptake factors were not used as that would lower the final source term. This level of conservativeness was maintained throughout the modeling assumptions.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2020

Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus Progress Report (Jul-Dec 2019)

This report summarizes results of a battery electric bus (BEB) evaluation at Foothill Transit, located in the San Gabriel Valley area of Los Angeles. Foothill Transit is collaborating with the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. The focus of this evaluation is to compare the performance and the operating costs of the BEBs to that of conventional technology buses and to track progress over time. Previous reports documented results from April 2014 through June 2019. This report extends the data analysis through December 2019. The data period focus of this report is July 2019–December 2019. NREL plans to publish progress reports on the Foothill Transit fleet every 6 months through 2020.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗