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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 577 records · Page 32
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Unraveling the Complex Delithiation Mechanisms of Olivine-Type Cathode Materials, LiFe x Co 1– x PO 4

The delithiation mechanisms occurring within the olivine-type class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries have received considerable attention owing to the good capacity retention at high rates for LiFePO4. A comprehensive mechanistic study of the (de)lithiation reactions that occur when the substituted olivine-type cathode materials LiFexCo1-xPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.875, 0.95 and 1) are electrochemically cycled is reported here, using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. On the first charge, two intermediate phases are observed and identified: Li1-x(Fe3+)x(Co2+)1- xPO4 for 0 < x < 1 (i.e. after oxidation of Fe2+ => Fe3+) and Li2/3FexCo1-xPO4 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (i.e. the Co-majority materials). For the Fe-rich materials, we study how nonequilibrium, single-phase mechanisms that occur discretely in single particles, as observed for LiFePO4 at high rates, is affected by Co substitution. In the Co-majority materials, a two-phase mechanism with a coherent interface is observed, as was seen in LiCoPO4, and we discuss how it is manifested in the XRD patterns. We then compare the nonequilibrium, single-phase mechanism with the bulk single-phase and the coherent interface two-phase mechanisms. Despite the apparent differences between these mechanisms, we discuss how they are related and interconverted as a function of Fe/Co substitution and the potential implications for the electrochemistry of this system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Expanding the Chemistry of Rhenium Metal–Metal Bonded Fluoro Complexes: Facile Preparation and Characterization of Paddlewheel Complexes

Quadruply bonded rhenium(III) dimers with the stoichiometry Re 2 L 4 F 2 (1, L = hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidinate (hpp – ); 2, L = diphenyl formamidinate (dpf – )) were prepared from the solid-state melt reactions (SSMRs) between (NH 4 ) 2 [Re 2 F 8 ]·2H 2 O and HL. Then those compounds were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by UV–visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The compound [Re 2 (hpp) 4 F 2 ]PF 6 (3) was prepared from the one-electron oxidation of Re 2 (hpp) 4 F 2 with [Cp 2 Fe]PF 6 . Compounds 1–3 are isostructural with the corresponding chloro derivatives. In summation, compound 1 undergoes two one-electron oxidations. Comparison with its higher halogen homologues reveals that Re 2 (hpp) 4 F 2 (1) is more easily oxidized than its chloro and bromo analogues.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗