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At least 577 records · Page 32

Visually directed pointing as a function of target distance, direction, and available cues.

In pointing at visual targets without sight of the hand, large errors occur. There is a tendency to overreach targets, and this tendency is much greater (about 25 cm) when convergence is the only cue to distance than when there are many cues (2 to 11 cm). Angular errors of up to 10 deg also occur. These tend to be to the side opposite the sighting eye, when the favored hand is used. The variance of the pointing response with convergence alone is reduced by approximately half with the introduction of several spatial cues. These results are interpreted as indicating that, for a target within the reach of the arm and with convergence alone as a cue, the depth signal produced by the visual system corresponds to a greater distance than that produced when many cues are available. The results are also consistent with the hypothesis that perceived direction tends to approximate direction from the sighting eye.

Foley, J. M.↗

Social impact evaluation : Some implications of the specific decisional context approach for anticipatory project assessment with special reference to available alternatives and to techniques of evaluating the social impacts of the anticipated effects of such alternatives

The implications are explored of the specific decision context approach to anticipatory project assessment. More specifically, it is hypothesized that with respect to any given effect of a proposed project or action (mobility, job opportunities, air pollution, population distribution, etc.) such effect will likely differ in probability and/or magnitude from one decisional context to another; that the social desirability or undesirability of a given effect is a function (will differ with) each specific decisional context; that therefore the social impact of such effect will in all likelihood differ with each specific decisional context; and that the social significance of even the dame social impact of a given effect will vary from one decisional context to another when such social impact interacts with (competes with or reinforces) the social impacts of other effects. It also follows from this analysis that the respective roles of scientific method (demonstrable data) and adversarial system will not only differ with each specific decisional context but with each alternative course of action available to the decisional entity in each specific context.

Mayo, L. H.↗