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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 577 records · Page 32
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Multi-modality imaging: Bird’s eye view from the 2018 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

This review summarizes key imaging studies that were presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2018 in Chicago related to the fields of nuclear cardiology (including single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography), cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and echocardiography. The aim of this bird’s eye view is to inform readers of the various studies discussed at the meeting from these imaging modalities. While this review is directed to the benefit of those of us who were not able to attend the conference, we find that a general overview may also be useful to those that did since it is often difficult to get exposure to all abstracts at large meetings. Further, we hope that the presentation of multiple imaging studies in a single synthesized review will stimulate new ideas for future research in imaging.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2024

L-PBF High-Throughput Data Pipeline Approach for Multi-modal Integration

Abstract Metal-based additive manufacturing requires active monitoring solutions for assessing part quality. Multiple sensors and data streams, however, generate large heterogeneous data sets that are impractical for manual assessment and characterization. In this work, an automated pipeline is developed that enables feature extraction from high-speed camera video and multi-modal data analysis. The framework removes the need for manual assessment through the utilization of deep learning techniques and training models in a weakly supervised paradigm. We demonstrate this pipeline’s capability over 700,000 high-speed camera frames. The pipeline successfully extracts melt pool and spatter geometries and links them to corresponding pyrometry, radiography, and processparameter information. 715 individual prints are examined to reveal melt pool areas that exceeds 0.07 mm 2 and pyrometry signal over a threshold (375 pyrometry units) were more likely to have defects. These automated processes enable massive throughput of characterization techniques.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Aging and mixing as pseudo-chemical-reactions between, and on, particles: Perspectives on particle interaction and multi-modal ages in hillslopes and streams

The particle-tracking method was recently extended to allow inter-particle mass transfer and arbitrarily complex reactions by allowing each particle to represent any number of distinct chemical compounds. This methodology allows the tracking (and broadening due to mixing) of the age probability density function (PDF) on each particle. Aquifer heterogeneity leads to channeling and multi-modal age PDFs in stream samples. This observation supports the concept of age classes but clearly shows the more complicated interplay of dispersion, mixing, and travel times on the age distributions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Sono-photodynamic modality for cancer treatment using bio-degradable bio-conjugated sonnelux nanocomposite in tumor-bearing mice: Activated cancer therapy using light and ultrasound

Highlights: • An up-to-date cancer therapy: Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) in combination with sonnelux (SLux) as a sono-photosensitizer loaded on folic acid conjugated nanographene oxide nanoparticles (FA-NGO- SLux). • A novel nanomaterial with great potential as effective drug delivery system in targeting sono-photo-dynamic-therapy (SPDT). The underlying work was conducted aiming at cancer targeted therapy using the sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) in combination with sonnelux (SLux) as a sono-photosensitizer loaded on folic acid conjugated nanographene oxide nanoparticles (FA-NGO-SLux) as an up-to-date treating cancer modality. Study was conducted on A total of 130 male Swiss albino mice with age 60–65 day, weighing 20 ± 25 g, inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) subdivided into 13 group. Two sources of energy were used; namely infrared laser and Ultrasound (pulsed and continuous wave mode). Results revealed that Nano-SLux is a potential photosensitizer and sonosensitizer for photodynamic or sonodynamic treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor tissue. Nano-SLux can play important roles in inhibiting tumor growth and even inducing cell death, which might be attributed to Photo and/or sono-chemical activation mechanism. Infra-red laser in combination with ultrasound in the presence of Nano- SLux has a potential antitumor effect. Sonocation followed by light photon irradiation proves its excellent efficiency as an anticancer therapy. The results suggest that folic acid-conjugated nano-graphene oxide loaded with sono-photo-sensitizers (FA–NGO–SPSs) could be used as a novel nanomaterial with great potential as effective drug delivery system in targeting sono-photo-dynamic-therapy (SPDT).

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hybrid anisotropic nanostructures for dual-modal cancer imaging and image-guided chemo-thermo therapies

The multimodality theranostic system, which can integrate two or more different therapeutic modalities and multimodal imaging agents into a nanoentity, shows great promising prospects for the cancer treatment. For this, we developed an efficient and novel strategy to synthesize hybrid anisotropic nanoparticles (HANs) with intrinsic multimodal theranostic capability [chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI)]. For the first time, under the guidance of MRI and PAI, the chemotherapy and thermotherapy induced by administration of multifunctional hybrid nanoprobes were applied simultaneously to the treatment of colon cancer-bearing mice in vivo .

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nth-plant scenario for blended pellets of Miscanthus, Switchgrass, and Corn Stover using multi-modal transportation: Biorefineries and depots in the contiguous U.S.

The sustainability of the biofuel industry depends on the development of a mature conversion technology on a national level that can take advantage of the economies of scale: the nth-plant. Here, this study addresses the logistic challenge of mobilizing national cellulosic feedstock supplies for a sustainable bioenergy industry. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed and updated to deliver on-spec biomass that considers both a desired quantity and quality at the biorefinery. Our supply chain analysis includes multi-modal transport (truck and rail), varying depot and biorefinery sizes, and feedstock blends of corn stover (harvested by either a two- or three-pass method), switchgrass, and miscanthus. The following US states: Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Georgia, and Texas were identified as key locations for producing accessible miscanthus. Based on our most optimistic scenario, using trucks as the only transportation mode in 2040 with a cost target of $\$$79/dt, corn stover, switchgrass, and miscanthus could help meet 48% of the EPA target, 173 million dry tons that translate into 7.8 billion GGE. The addition of rail transportation for biomass delivery to biorefineries could help meet 79% of the EPA target, 283 million dry tons that translate into 12.7 billion GGE.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Packing density optimization and recyclability of multi-modal SiC powder feedstocks in binder jet additive manufacturing

Achieving high powder packing density is critical in binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), as it directly influences the final part density, mechanical properties, and sintering behavior. Multi-modal powder blends, which combine particles of different sizes, have been explored as a strategy to optimize packing efficiency and minimize defects. In this study, bimodal and trimodal powder blends were obtained by mixing silicon carbide powder in three different sizes. These results show that increased powder density is achievable with bimodal powder blends but is reduced in trimodal blends, and it was found that a 13 % increase in the powder tap density was achieved using a bimodal blend of powder. The powder size distribution of the bimodal blend was measured at various stages during binder jet additive manufacturing and, no measurable powder separation occurred even after eight prints. Altogether, this study shows limited advantage to trimodal powder blends but good promise for bimodal blends for increasing printed density while maintaining reusability in the binder jet process.

Aguirre, Trevor G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analysis of inconel 600 oxidized under loss-of-coolant accident conditions: A multi-modal approach

Understanding the performance of cladding materials during a loss-of-coolant accident scenario is crucial for developing next-generation accident tolerant nuclear fuel rod claddings. We describe a multi-modal approach combining synchrotron-based diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy with nano-scale electron microscopy techniques for investigating oxidation of Inconel 600 (A600) in steam and air environments at 1200 °C for 2 h. We report that A600 exposed to steam develops a Cr 2 O 3 -enriched surface layer while a mixed phase oxide layer containing NiFe 2 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and Fe (3–x) CrxO 4 is formed in air. Mechanism of oxidation for A600 in air and steam environments is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Interval to Biochemical Failure Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated by Combined-Modality Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To validate the prognostic value of interval to biochemical failure (IBF) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HiRPCa) treated with combined-modality radiation therapy (CMRT) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods and Materials: We conducted a retrospective review of HiRPCa (prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL, Gleason score [GS] 8-10, or clinical T stage T3-T4) treated with either dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or CMRT. Interval to biochemical failure was classified as ≤18 or >18 months from the end of all therapy to the date of biochemical failure (BF). Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the prognostic value of IBF ≤18 months for distant metastasis (DM) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). Results: Of 958 patients with a median follow-up of 63.2 months, 175 patients experienced BF. In those with BF, there were no differences in pretreatment clinical characteristics between the EBRT and CMRT groups, except for a higher proportion of patients with GS 8-10 in the CMRT group (70% vs 52%, P=.02). Median IBF after all therapy was 24.0 months (interquartile range 9.6-46.0) in the EBRT group and 18.9 months (interquartile range 9.2-34.5) in the CMRT group (P=.055). On univariate analysis, IBF ≤18 months was associated with increased risk of DM and PCSM in the entire cohort and the individual EBRT and CMRT groups. On multivariate analysis, only GS 9-10 and IBF ≤18 months, but not the radiation therapy regimen or ADT use, predicted DM (hazard ratio [HR] 3.7, P<.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-10.3 for GS 9-10; HR 3.9, P<.0001, 95% CI 2.4-6.5 for IBF ≤18 months) and PCSM (HR 14.8, P<.009, 95% CI 2.0-110 for GS 9-10; HR 4.4, P<.0001, 95% CI 2.4-8.1 for IBF ≤18 months). Conclusions: Short IBF was highly prognostic for higher DM and PCSM in patients with HiRPCa. The prognostic value of IBF for DM and PCSM was not affected by the radiation therapy regimen or ADT use.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Risk of Second Cancers According to Radiation Therapy Technique and Modality in Prostate Cancer Survivors

Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) techniques for prostate cancer are evolving rapidly, but the impact of these changes on risk of second cancers, which are an uncommon but serious consequence of RT, are uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of risks of second cancer according to RT technique (>10 MV vs ≤10 MV and 3-dimensional [3D] vs 2D RT) and modality (external beam RT, brachytherapy, and combined modes) in a large cohort of prostate cancer patients. Methods and Materials: The cohort was constructed using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database. We included cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in patients 66 to 84 years of age from 1992 to 2004 and followed through 2009. We used Poisson regression analysis to compare rates of second cancer across RT groups with adjustment for age, follow-up, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and comorbidities. Analyses of second solid cancers were based on the number of 5-year survivors (n=38,733), and analyses of leukemia were based on number of 2-year survivors (n=52,515) to account for the minimum latency period for radiation-related cancer. Results: During an average of 4.4 years' follow-up among 5-year prostate cancer survivors (2DRT = 5.5 years; 3DRT = 3.9 years; and brachytherapy = 2.7 years), 2933 second solid cancers were diagnosed. There were no significant differences in second solid cancer rates overall between 3DRT and 2DRT patients (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-1.09), but second rectal cancer rates were significantly lower after 3DRT (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40-0.88). Rates of second solid cancers for higher- and lower-energy RT were similar overall (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89-1.06), as were rates for site-specific cancers. There were significant reductions in colon cancer and leukemia rates in the first decade after brachytherapy compared to those after external beam RT. Conclusions: Advanced treatment planning may have reduced rectal cancer risks in prostate cancer survivors by approximately 3 cases per 1000 after 15 years. Despite concerns about the neutron doses, we did not find evidence that higher energy therapy was associated with increased second cancer risks.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Combined Modality Management of Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: A Single-Institution Series of 121 Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate local control, survival outcomes, and complication rates of patients treated with aggressive surgery and radiation therapy (RT) for retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). Methods and Materials: We reviewed the medical records of 121 consecutive patients treated for RPS with surgery and RT between 1965 and 2012. The most common histology was liposarcoma (n=42; 35%). The median follow-up was 100 months (range: 20-467 months). Eighty-six patients (71%) were treated for initial presentation of RPS, and 35 patients (29%) presented with and were treated for RPS recurrence. RT was preoperative in 88 patients (73%; median dose: 50.4 Gy) and postoperative in 33 patients (27%; median dose: 55 Gy). Results: Five-year local control and overall survival rates were 56% and 57%, respectively. Two factors were associated with higher risk of any intra-abdominal recurrence at 5 years: positive or uncertain margins (58% vs 30% for negative margins, P<.001; hazard ratio [HR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-4.8) and disease recurrence after previous resection (76% vs 31% for de novo RPS, P<.001; HR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.5-7.5). The 10-year complication rate was 5%, and RT-related complications were associated with postoperative RT (P<.001) and RT dose of ≥60 Gy (P<.001). Conclusions: Intra-abdominal RPS recurrence continues to be a significant challenge despite the use of aggressive surgery and radiation therapy. Given the complications associated with postoperative radiation therapy, we recommend that preoperative radiation therapy is the preferred strategy when combined modality therapy is recommended.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Impact of Insurance Status on Radiation Treatment Modality Selection Among Potential Candidates for Prostate, Breast, or Gynecologic Brachytherapy

Purpose: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act looks to expand both private and Medicaid insurance. To evaluate how these changes may affect the field of radiation oncology, we evaluated the association of insurance status with the use of brachytherapy in cancers for which this treatment technique is used. Methods and Materials: A total of 190,467 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 95,292 (50.0%) had breast cancer, 61,096 (32.1%) had prostate cancer, 28,194 (14.8%) had endometrial cancer, and 5885 (3.1%) had cervical cancer. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the association between insurance status and receipt of brachytherapy among patients treated definitively for prostate and cervical cancer or postoperatively for breast and endometrial cancer. Results: The rates of non-Medicaid insurance were 49.9% (cervical), 85.3% (endometrial), 87.4% (breast), and 90.9% (prostate) (P<.001). In a logistic regression, patients who received radiation therapy were less likely to receive brachytherapy if they had Medicaid coverage (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.61, P<.001) or did not have insurance coverage (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.45-0.56, P<.001) compared with those with non-Medicaid insurance. On subset analysis, patients with Medicaid coverage or without insurance coverage were significantly less likely to receive brachytherapy than were those with non-Medicaid insurance for all 4 sites, except for patients with endometrial cancer. Conclusions: Despite being a cost-effective treatment modality, brachytherapy is less often used in the definitive or postoperative management of cancer in patients with Medicaid coverage or without insurance. Upcoming health policy changes resulting in the expansion of private insurance and Medicaid will likely increase access to and demand for brachytherapy.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Radical Cystectomy Compared to Combined Modality Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: To perform a comprehensive comparison of overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related complications between radical cystectomy (RC) and combined modality treatment (CMT—radiation therapy, concurrent chemotherapy, and maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor) in the setting of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods and Materials: We searched 7 databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Proquest, CINAHL, and (ClinicalTrials.gov)) for randomized, controlled trials and prospective and retrospective studies directly comparing RC with CMT from database inception to March 2016. We conducted meta-analyses evaluating OS, DSS, and PFS with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Nineteen studies evaluating 12,380 subjects were selected. For the 8 studies encompassing 9554 subjects eligible for meta-analyses, we found no difference in OS at 5 years (HR 0.96, favoring CMT, 95% CI 0.72-1.29; P=.778) or 10 years (HR 1.02, favoring cystectomy, 95% CI 0.73-1.42; P=.905). No difference was observed in DSS at 5 years (HR 0.83, favoring radiation, 95% CI 0.54-1.28; P=.390) or 10 years (HR 1.17, favoring cystectomy, 95% CI 0.89-1.55; P=.264), or PFS at 10 years (HR 0.85, favoring CMT, 95% CI 0.43-1.67; P=.639). The cystectomy arms had higher rates of early major complications, whereas rates of minor complications were similar between the 2 treatments. Conclusion: Current meta-analysis reveals no differences in OS, DSS, or PFS between RC and CMT. Further randomized, controlled trials are necessary to identify the optimal treatment for specific patients.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Early Stage Nonbulky Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Combined Modality Therapy in the Stanford V Trials (the G4 and G5 Studies)

Combined modality therapy (CMT) is standard therapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL). We previously reported excellent outcomes with the abbreviated Stanford V regimen. Herein we report updated results with median follow-up >10 years on survival, therapy-related late effects, and impact of disease risk factors on patient outcomes.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Entropy stable modal discontinuous Galerkin schemes and wall boundary conditions for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Entropy stable schemes ensure that physically meaningful numerical solutions also satisfy a semi-discrete entropy inequality under appropriate boundary conditions. Here in this work, we describe a discretization of viscous terms in the compressible Navier-Stokes equations which enables a simple and explicit imposition of entropy stable no-slip and reflective (symmetry) wall boundary conditions for discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations. Specifically, we derive methods for imposing adiabatic no-slip and reflective (symmetry) boundary conditions for modal entropy stable DG formulations which preserve a semi-discrete entropy inequality. Numerical results confirm the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approaches.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multi-modal characterization methods of solid-electrolyte interphase in silicon-graphite composite electrodes

Composite silicon-graphite (Si-Gr) anodes can improve battery energy density, due to Si's high gravimetric capacity, while mitigating mechanical degradation of the anode and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) caused by Si volumetric expansion. Optimizing these anodes is challenging, in part due to difficulty characterizing the SEI structure and composition. In this work, we present multi-modal characterization of the SEI on composite Si-Gr anodes to relate SEI chemical composition and structure to functional properties. Discrepancies in elemental concentrations from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are attributed to varying information depth and lateral resolution of the individual probes. However, by combining quantitative composition information with spatially resolved element mapping from scanning transmission electron microscopy, EDS, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, a holistic picture of the SEI emerges. We observe the bilayer SEI structure and a direct correlation between elemental Li and F, suggesting that most Li in the SEI exists as lithium fluoride (LiF). Further, LiF concentration is directly proportional to the maximum SEI resistivity, as determined by scanning spreading resistance microscopy. Lastly, there is an inverse relationship between lithium carbonate and LiF concentration in the SEI, providing insight into the detailed chemistry of SEI formation and evolution.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Synthesis and characterization of high-surface-area millimeter-sized silica beads with hierarchical multi-modal pore structure by the addition of agar

Millimeter-sized spherical silica foams (SSFs) with hierarchical multi-modal pore structure featuring high specific surface area and ordered mesoporous frameworks were successfully prepared using aqueous agar addition, foaming and drop-in-oil processes. The pore-related properties of the prepared spherical silica (SSs) and SSFs were systematically characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), Hg intrusion porosimetry, and N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Improvements in the BET surface area and total pore volume were observed at 504 m{sup 2} g{sup −1} and 5.45 cm{sup 3} g{sup −1}, respectively, after an agar addition and foaming process. Despite the increase in the BET surface area, the mesopore wall thickness and the pore size of the mesopores generated from the block copolymer with agar addition were unchanged based on the SAXRD, TEM, and BJH methods. The SSFs prepared in the present study were confirmed to have improved BET surface area and micropore volume through the agar loading, and to exhibit interconnected 3-dimensional network macropore structure leading to the enhancement of total porosity and BET surface area via the foaming process. - Highlights: • Millimeter-sized spherical silica foams (SSFs) are successfully prepared. • SSFs exhibit high BET surface area and ordered hierarchical pore structure. • Agar addition improves BET surface area and micropore volume of SSFs. • Foaming process generates interconnected 3-D network macropore structure of SSFs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Dosimetric evaluation of 4 different treatment modalities for curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy for isolated thoracic spinal metastases

To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of 4 SBRT-capable dose delivery systems, CyberKnife (CK), Helical TomoTherapy (HT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) by Varian RapidArc (RA), and segmental step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) by Elekta, on isolated thoracic spinal lesions. CK, HT, RA, and IMRT planning were performed simultaneously for 10 randomly selected patients with 6 body types and 6 body + pedicle types with isolated thoracic lesions. The prescription was set with curative intent and dose of either 33 Gy in 3 fractions (3F) or 40 Gy in 5F to cover at least 90% of the planning target volume (PTV), correspondingly. Different dosimetric indices, beam-on time, and monitor units (MUs) were evaluated to compare the advantages/disadvantages of each delivery modality. In ensuring the dose-volume constraints for cord and esophagus of the premise, CK, HT, and RA all achieved a sharp conformity index (CI) and a small penumbra volume compared to IMRT. RA achieved a CI comparable to those from CK, HT, and IMRT. CK had a heterogeneous dose distribution in the target as its radiosurgical nature with less dose uniformity inside the target. CK had the longest beam-on time and the largest MUs, followed by HT and RA. IMRT presented the shortest beam-on time and the least MUs delivery. For the body-type lesions, CK, HT, and RA satisfied the target coverage criterion in 6 cases, but the criterion was satisfied in only 3 (50%) cases with the IMRT technique. For the body + pedicle-type lesions, HT satisfied the criterion of the target coverage of ≥90% in 4 of the 6 cases, and reached a target coverage of 89.0% in another case. However, the criterion of the target coverage of ≥90% was reached in 2 cases by CK and RA, and only in 1 case by IMRT. For curative-intent SBRT of isolated thoracic spinal lesions, RA is the first choice for the body-type lesions owing to its delivery efficiency (time); the second choice is CK or HT; HT is the preferential choice for the body + pedicle-type lesions. This study suggests further clinical investigations with longer follow-up for these studied cases.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗