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At least 577 records · Page 32
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Operating envelope charts for the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic wind tunnel

To take full advantage of the unique Reynolds number capabilities of the 0.3-meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT) at the NASA Langley Research Center, it was designed to accommodate test sections other than the original, octagonal, three-dimensional test section. A 20- by 60-cm two-dimensional test section was installed in 1976 and was extensively used, primarily for airfoil testing, through the fall of 1984. The tunnel was inactive during 1985 so that a new test section and improved high speed diffuser could be installed in the tunnel circuit. The new test section has solid adaptive top and bottom walls to reduce or eliminate wall interference for two-dimensional testing. The test section is 33- by 33-cm in cross section at the entrance and is 142 cm long. In the planning and running of past airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT, the use of operating envelope charts have proven very useful. These charts give the variation of total temperature and pressure with Mach number and Reynolds number. The operating total temperature range of the 0.3-m TCT is from about 78 K to 327 K with total pressures ranging from about 17.5 psia to 88 psia. This report presents the operating envelope charts for the 0.3-m TCT with the adaptive wall tes t section installed. They were all generated based on a 1-foot chord model. The Mach numbers vary from 0.1 to 0.95.

Rallo, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

15 meter multiple mirror telescope design study

Taking as a starting point the existing Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), a concept for a larger and more advanced instrument has been developed. It makes use of four 7.5-m diameter paraboloidal glass primaries of the honeycomb sandwich type being developed by the University of Arizona. These are mounted quite close together in a square configuration, with their axes coaligned. Separate optical configurations are provided, for optical and infrared applications. To minimze telescope emissivity in the thermal infrared at the combined focus, all the beam combining and streering optics that follow the tertiary mirrors are enclosed in a large central dewar and cooled with liquid nitrogen. The diffraction-limited resolution at the combined focus of 0.11 arcsec at 10 micrometers wavelength is equivalent to that of a 20.5 meter filled aperture. Diffraction-limited resolution should be routinely achievable at 10 and 20 micrometers, if active correction of large-scale wavefront errors is implemented.

Angel, J. R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A study of hard X-ray associated meter-decameter bursts observed on December 19, 1979

The results of a study of the relationship of a complex meter-decameter wavelength radio burst observed with the Clark Lake E-W and N-S interferometers, with a hard X-ray burst observed with the X-ray spectrometer aboard ISEE-3 are presented. The radio burst consisted of several type III's, reverse drift type III's, a U burst, and type II and type IV bursts. The X-ray emission was also complex. The radio as well as hard X-ray emissions were observed before the flash phase of the flare; they were not always associated and it is conjectured that this may constitute evidence for acceleration of electrons high in the corona. On the other hand, all components of the reverse drift burst were associated with hard X-ray subpeaks, indicating multiple injection of electron beams along field lines with different density gradients. While the type II burst appeared to be related to the hard X-ray burst, a detailed correspondence between individual features of the radio and hard X-ray burst emissions could not be found. The type IV burst started after all hard X-ray emissions ceased. Its source appeared to be a magnetic arch, presumably containing energetic electrons reponsible for the gyrosynchrotron radiation of type IV.

Kundu, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Hand-Strength Meter

Special grip-strength meter designed for accurate, reproducible measurement of hand rehabilitation. Four strain gauges connected in Wheatstone bridge to measure deflection caused by gripping hand. Compressive force exerted by hand transmitted to measuring beams. Beams therefore deflected or strained, and mechanical strain sensed by strain gauges and converted into electrical signal. After amplification and conditioning, signal displayed on LED as measure of gripping strength of hand.

Tcheng, Ping↗
NASA NTRS1986

A description of the active and passive sidewall-boundary-layer removal systems of the 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

Results are presented for an operational checkout and shakedown of the active sidewall-boundary-layer removal system newly installed in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT). Prior to the installation of this active removal system, the sidewall-boundary layer was removed passively by exhausting directly to the atmosphere (i.e., no reinjection). With the active removal system using the reinjection compressor, the removal capability is greatly expanded to cover the entire operating envelope of the 0.3-m TCT. Details of the active removal system are presented including the compressor reinjection circuit, the compressor pressure ratio/surge control, and the compressor recirculation loop. The control logic and features of the compressor surge control are explained. Initial tests covering critical operating conditions show mass flow removal rates of about 5 percent at lower Mach numbers can be obtained with the active system. Measured performance characteristics of the compressor are presented. As part of the validation of the active system, limited airfoil tests were made using the new system.

Johnson, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The 15 meter hoop-column antenna dynamics: Test and analysis

A 15 meter model of the hoop-column antenna concept has been vibration tested for model characterization and analytical model verification. Linear finite element analysis predicted the global vibration frequencies accurately. Good agreement between analysis and test data was obtained only after the analytical model was refined using static test data. As structures become more flexible, structural properties determined from static data become more accurate and should be used to update analytical models. Global vibration modes are not significantly affected by the surface mesh which permits simplified analytical models to be used for prediction of global behavior. These reduced models are believed sufficient for preliminary design and controls simulations where only global behavior is desired. The mesh modes were highly damped due to the knit mesh used for the reflector surface. These modes were also highly coupled and very difficult to measure in the laboratory. The inability to fully characterize the antenna mesh modes in the laboratory indicates robust methods for active surface vibration suppression will be needed. Fortunately, the surface mesh exhibits high passive damping which should be beneficial to active control systems.

Belvin, W. Keith↗
NASA NTRS1987

Statistical analysis of the 70 meter antenna surface distortions

Statistical analysis of surface distortions of the 70 meter NASA/JPL antenna, located at Goldstone, was performed. The purpose of this analysis is to verify whether deviations due to gravity loading can be treated as quasi-random variables with normal distribution. Histograms of the RF pathlength error distribution for several antenna elevation positions were generated. The results indicate that the deviations from the ideal antenna surface are not normally distributed. The observed density distribution for all antenna elevation angles is taller and narrower than the normal density, which results in large positive values of kurtosis and a significant amount of skewness. The skewness of the distribution changes from positive to negative as the antenna elevation changes from zenith to horizon.

Kiedron, K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Analysis of on-orbit thermal characteristics of the 15-meter hoop/column antenna

In recent years, interest in large deployable space antennae has led to the development of the 15 meter hoop/column antenna. The thermal environment the antenna is expected to experience during orbit is examined and the temperature distributions leading to reflector surface distortion errors are determined. Two flight orientations corresponding to: (1) normal operation, and (2) use in a Shuttle-attached flight experiment are examined. A reduced element model was used to determine element temperatures at 16 orbit points for both flight orientations. The temperature ranged from a minimum of 188 K to a maximum of 326 K. Based on the element temperatures, orbit position leading to possible worst case surface distortions were determined, and the subsequent temperatures were used in a static finite element analysis to quantify surface control cord deflections. The predicted changes in the control cord lengths were in the submillimeter ranges.

Andersen, Gregory C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

High Reynolds Number tests of the NASA SC(2)-0012 airfoil in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

A wind-tunnel investigation of the NASA SC(2)-0012 airfoil has been conducted in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. This investigation supplements the two-dimensional airfoil studies of the Advanced Technology Airfoil Test Program. The Mach number was varied from 0.60 to 0.84. The stagnation temperature and pressure were varied to provide a Reynolds number range from 6 to 40 x 10 to the 6th power based on a 6.0-in. (15.24-cm) airfoil chord. No corrections for wind-tunnel wall interference have been made to the data. The aerodynamic results are presented as integrated force and moment coefficients and pressure distributions without any analysis.

Mineck, Raymond E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Evolution, calibration, and operational characteristics of the two-dimensional test section of the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

Presented is a review of the development of the world's first cryogenic pressure tunnel, the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT). Descriptions of the instrumentation, data acquisition systems, and physical features of the two-dimensional 8- by 24-in, (20.32 by 60.96 cm) and advanced 13- by 13-in (33.02 by 33.02 cm) adaptive-wall test-section inserts of the 0.3-m TCT are included. Basic tunnel-empty Mach number distributions, stagnation temperature distributions, and power requirements are included. The Mach number capability of the facility is from about 0.20 to 0.90. Stagnation pressure can be varied from about 80 to 327 K.

Ladson, Charles L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Calculated 70-meter antenna performance for offset L-band and C-band feeds

A series of calculations that were carried out in order to determine the performance of the new dual-shaped 70 meter antenna for feeds that are displaced from the focal ring are summarized. Calculations were carried out at 1.68 GHz (L-band) and 5.0 GHz (C-band) for a number of feed/subreflector configurations. The effects of feed displacement, feed pointing angle, subreflector tilt, and lateral subreflector movement are summarized. Of specific interest are gain, beam squint, and spillover noise temperature for each of the feed/subreflector configurations described above.

Hoppe, D.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Compound-taper feedhorn for the DSN 70-meter antennas

A novel X-band feedhorn was designed for the Deep Space Network (DSN) 70-meter antennas. The feedhorn is a compound-taper structure consisting of a corrugated flared section and a corrugated straight section. This feedhorn is designed to closely initiate the characteristics of the standard feedhorn, while providing the proper phase center location, without adding any significant loss to the system. The use of the existing feedhorn and the ease of manufacturing the corrugated straight section have resulted in major overall cost savings.

Manshadi, F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

A new linear quadratic optimal controller for the 34-meter high efficiency antenna position loop

The design of a new position loop controller for the 34-meter High Efficiency Deep Space antennas using linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control techniques is discussed. The LQ optimal control theory is reviewed, and model development and verification are discussed. Families of optimal gain vectors are generated by varying weight parameters. Performance specifications were used to select a final gain vector. Estimator dynamics were selected and the corresponding gain vectors were computed. Final estimator selection was based on position, commanded rate, and estimator error responses.

Nickerson, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Microstructures of niobium-germanium alloys processed in inert gas in the 100 meter drop tube

The 100 meter drop tube at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has been used for a series of experiments with niobium-germanium alloys. These experiments were conducted with electromagnetic levitation melting in a 200 torr helium environment. Liquid alloys experienced large degrees of undercooling prior to solidification in the drop tube. Several interesting metastable structures were observed. However, the recalescence event prevented extended solid solubility of germanium in the A-15 beta phase. Liquids of eutectic composition were found to undercool in the presence of solid alpha and solid Nb5Ge3.

Bayuzick, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The laser interferometer skin-friction meter - A numerical and experimental study

Limits to the applicability of thin-film lubrication theory are established. The following two problems are considered: (1) the response of the oil film to a time-varying skin friction such as is encountered in turbulent boundary layers, and (2) a 'surface-wave instability' encountered at high skin-friction levels. Results corresponding to the first problem reveal that the laser interferometer skin-friction meter may, in principle, be applied to the measurement of instantaneous skin friction. In addressing the second problem, it is shown that the observed surface waves are not the result of a hydrodynamic instability.

Murphy, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1987

A transition detection study using a cryogenic hot film system in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

A transition detection study was conducted in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT) using a specialized hot film system designed specifically for use in cryogenic wind tunnels. The quantitative transition location data obtained at near cryogenic conditions, 360 deg R (200K) represents the first definitive transition Reynolds numbers obtained in a cryogenic wind tunnel. The model was tested at both adiabatic and nonadiabatic wall conditions with a wall-to-total temperature ratio as low as 0.47. The test results indicated an improved technique for hot-film installation and a modified data acquisition system would allow the on-line determination of the location of boundary layer transition in cryogenic wind tunnels, such as the U.S. National Transonic Facility.

Johnson, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A summary of Reynolds number effects on some recent tests in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

Reynolds number effects noted from selected test programs conducted in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (0.3-m TCT) are discussed. The tests, which cover a unit Reynolds number range from about 2.0 to 80.0 million per foot, summarize effects of Reynolds number on: (1) aerodynamic data from a supercritical airfoil, (2) results from several wall interference correction techniques, and (3) results obtained from advanced, cryogenic tests techniques. The test techniques include: (1) use of a cryogenic sidewall boundary layer removal system, (2) detailed pressure and hot wire measurements to determine test section flow quality, and (3) use of a new hot film system suitable for transition detection in a cryogenic wind tunnel. The results indicate that Reynolds number effects appear most significant when boundary layer transition effects are present and at high lift conditions when boundary layer separation exists on both the model and the tunnel sidewall.

Johnson, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A summary of the effects of Reynolds number on drag divergence for airfoils tested in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

The direct first order effect of Reynolds number on the determination of drag-divergence conditions is summarized for six airfoils which were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. A second order effect, derived through the effect of Reynolds number on the sidewall boundary layer, is included. In addition, a comparison of how the drag divergence condition is affected on going from one class of airfoil to another is presented. The drag-divergence condition is affected first order by Reynolds number for each of the six airfoils and of course all data are affected second order, since the presence of the boundary layer necessitates a sidewall correction.

Jenkins, Renaldo V.↗