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Case study of a DOE 2021 Housing Innovation Award winning custom home in a hot-humid climate that got a HERS -21 with PV, with 1,288 square feet, ENERGY STAR appliances, low-flow fixtures, low-e3 ENERGY STAR windows, LED lighting, six clerestory windows, and solar tubes.
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This brief provides a project snapshot of the Integrated Urban Services program's support to Iskandar Malaysia for development of an integrated urban agricultural hub. Integrated Urban Services is a U.S. State Department program launched in 2021 under the United States-Association of Southeast Asian Nations Smart Cities Partnership helping cities build resilience in their energy, food, and water provisioning systems.
Almost 100 million gallons of high level waste (HLW) has been generated from defense reprocessing programs to support nuclear weapons production. HLW is currently stored at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites (SRS) [1]. It contains radioactive components, such as {sup 137}Cs, {sup 99}Tc and {sup 90}Sr, as well as large amounts of non-radioactive species, including solvated cations and insoluble metal hydroxides. HLW has high concentration of soluble hydroxides ([OH{sup -}] = 2 M at SRS [2]), complexing inorganic anions ([NO{sub 3}{sup -}] ∼ 0.65 - 3.7 M at SRS [2]) and a high ionic strength. Even though the majority of actinide component in alkaline HLW is precipitated, studies of An(III) and Ln(III) complexation in highly alkaline solutions in the presence of high nitrate concentrations have showed that soluble nitrate complexes can be formed [3]. The current treatment of HLW at SRS currently consists of two processes: The Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and the Next-Generation Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction process (NG-CSSX). Strontium and actinides are removed by sorption on monosodium titanate through the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) commonly referred to as the alpha-strike step [4]. Then, cesium is selectively extracted from the alkaline media via the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process [5]. The CSSX solvent consists of a calix[4]arene-crown-6 extractant dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon matrix containing i) a solvent modifier (alkylphenoxy alcohol) which increases extractant solubility and prevents third phase formation, and ii) a suppressor (trioctylamine or guanidine) - that mitigates surfactant effects. The CSSX process removes {sup 137}Cs selectively and rapidly, yet the post- CSSX aqueous stream may still contain high amounts of An, thus requiring a second ARP treatment (referred to as 'alpha-finishing') for some tanks. Despite the success of the ARP process in removing Sr and An, it often represents the kinetic bottleneck of integrated processing, as it is slower than solvent extraction. Understanding the complexation of actinides by organic ligands that are compatible with the CSSX process could eventually lead to a combined caustic-side Cs/Sr/actinide extraction process with better economics due to a reduced amount of monosodium titanate and/or a shorter required contact time with titanate during ARP. This would ensure a low-activity waste (LAW) stream with no actinides without additional ARP processing post-CSSX. Disulfonamides were studied for extraction of Sm(III) from alkaline aqueous media of pH 10-14 into dichloromethane. Up to 82% of Sm(III) was extracted from solutions of pH 12.5 -13.5 and up to 84% from solutions of pH 10.5 - 11.5. These results show some resemblance with Am extraction results by calixarene ligands previously reported [10]. Kinetic studies demonstrated that even 5 min is enough to complete stripping, whereas extraction is time-limiting process and requires up to 20 h for efficient removal of Sm(III) from alkaline aqueous media. Determination of composition of complexes in solution after extraction by the equilibrium shift method showed a 1:1 Sm(III):dsa-2 complexation ratio for the extracted species.
Alkaline High Level Waste (HLW) has been accumulated at Hanford and Savannah River Sites as a result of reprocessing for nuclear weapons production during the cold war. A large volume (∼100 MGal) has been accumulated in carbon steel tanks at Savannah River (SRS) and Hanford. The tank waste contains three separate phases generated when NaOH was added to previously acidic Purex raffinates: 1-2 Supernatant liquid, salt-cake, and sludge. The sludge consists mainly of insoluble hydroxides of transition metals while the supernate and salt-cake contain caustic-soluble materials, including salts of highly radioactive fission products Cs(I) and Sr(II). Current treatment of alkaline HLW in SRS includes: i) The Actinide Removal Process (ARP), which is based on sorption of {sup 90}Sr and Actinides (An) on monosodium titanate (MST), also known as 'alpha-strike' process, followed by ii) Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX),4 which is used for the extraction of {sup 137}Cs by modified calixarenes in a hydrocarbon diluent. Residual actinides in some tanks are removed after CSSX by an additional ARP process commonly referred to as 'alpha-finishing'. Despite the success of ARP for Sr and An removal, as it is a sorption process, it represents the kinetic bottleneck of integrated salt waste processing. Hence potential introduction of additional organic ligands for actinide extraction (in a modified CSSX process) could simplify the overall integrated process, making it more efficient and economical, with less titanate needed and shorter sorption time, as some of the actinide component would be removed during CSSX. In this study tri-sulfonamide and o-sulfonamido-phenol (mono-sulfonamide) ligands have been studied as extractants for Sm(III), which is being used as an Am(III) surrogate. Our prior studies in the group using a tri-sulfonamide (iPr-tsa-B) showed favorable extraction for Sm(III) nitrate salts from alkaline solutions. Mono-sulfonamides possess similar orientation of binding sites to pyrocatechols, which have been found to be good ligands for Am(III) binding and extraction from alkaline media. Tri-sulfonamide of the type iPr-tsa-B6 (1 mM in CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution) was studied for Ln{sup 3+} extraction using Sm(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}.6H{sub 2}0 (10 and 25 μM) in alkaline solution of NaOH (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mM) / 0.1 M NaNO{sub 3}. Stripping of the organic phase was done using 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} and quantification of Sm{sup 3+} was done using ICP-OES at 359.3 nm. The need to improve stability of the complex led to synthesis of compounds with N-donor site closer to the central benzene ring to facilitate cation-π interactions. Synthesis of tri-sulfonamide type A: a) Chloromethyl methyl ether, SnCl{sub 4}, CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}, 0 deg. C, N{sub 2}, 4 h, 57%; b) NaN{sub 3}, reflux in H{sub 2}O/acetone for 22 h, 80%; c) PPh{sub 3}, THF/H{sub 2}O, 22 h, 79%; d) p-toluene sulfonyl chloride, Et{sub 3}N, 1,2-DCE, 22 h. Extraction: Sm(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}.6H{sub 2}O (2 mM) in 5 ml of aqueous NaOH (pH 10.5 - 14) + 6 ml of CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution of msa (20 mole equiv.) were rotated on a wheel (60 rpm; 20 h). Stripping: 5 ml of 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} + CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution of msa (after extraction, centrifugation and filtration) was rotated on the wheel (60 rpm; 20 h). Sm{sup 3+} was quantified using UV-Visible spectrophotometry.
We present an update on the analysis of semileptonic $B\rightarrow D^{(*)}$ decays at non-zero recoil. Our computation employs $2 + 1 + 1$ FNAL-MILC ensembles with highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for sea and light valence quarks, while the bottom quark is treated using the clover action in the Fermilab interpretation. Simulations are performed across several lattice spacings, ranging approximately from $\sim 0.15$ fm to $\sim 0.06$ fm, and for various quark masses. We will present an overview of the analysis and show some preliminary results for the form factors.
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Nanotechnology is advancing exponentially, with novel discoveries and applications emerging every day across various fields, including environmental remediation, biomedicine, electronics, and textiles. Nanoparticles (NPs) are defined as particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, and their properties are influenced by factors such as composition, phase, size, and shape. Single-source precursors (SSPs) offer a promising method for controlling the synthesis of phase-pure nanoparticles with the desired stoichiometry and have been successfully applied to prepare transition metal and lanthanide NPs. SSPs are molecular compounds that contain all the necessary components to form the final nanomaterial and decompose under mild conditions, such as heating, to create the solid-state product. The objective of this work was to garner a mechanistic understanding of cerium oxide NP formation from cerium SSPs. To achieve these goals, first, ligands with oxygen and sulfur donor atoms were synthesized; among the array of ligands synthesized, some were novel. These ligands were then chelated to cerium ions to synthesize cerium precursors. Initially, known cerium alkoxide precursors were synthesized. Subsequently, these basic cerium complexes were further manipulated through acid-base protonolysis reactions to install a diverse set of ligands. Within this body of work, 10 novel cerium precursors were successfully synthesized. The ligands and the SSPs were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). These SSPs were then introduced to a collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometer (CID-MS), and their dissociation pathways were studied.
(SbH7F10)2SbH3F8Sb2H12F21(HF)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of six hydrofluoric acid molecules; one SbH3F8 cluster; one SbH7F10 cluster; and one Sb2H12F21 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the SbH3F8 cluster, Sb is bonded in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry to five F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.93 Å. There are three inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–F bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.97 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–F bond length. In the third H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.50 Å) H–F bond length. There are eight inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the SbH7F10 cluster, there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.44 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.02 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) H–F bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.51 Å) H–F bond length. In the third H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.47 Å) H–F bond length. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) H–F bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–F bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–F bond length. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.36 Å) H–F bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.53 Å) H–F bond length. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.34 Å) H–F bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) H–F bond length. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.99 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–F bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.55 Å) H–F bond length. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.99 Å) and one longer (1.47 Å) H–F bond length. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.37 Å) H–F bond length. There are twenty inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to two H atoms. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two H atoms. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the sixteenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the seventeenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the eighteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H atom. In the nineteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two H atoms. In the twentieth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the Sb2H12F21 ribbon, there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.42 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.46 Å. There are twelve inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.47 Å) H–F bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one F atom. The H–F bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.99 Å) and one longer (1.45 Å) H–F bond length. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.99 Å) and one longer (1.46 Å) H–F bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.97 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) H–F bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.10 Å) and one longer (1.20 Å) H–F bond length. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) H–F bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.99 Å) and one longer (1.50 Å) H–F bond length. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.42 Å) H–F bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (0.98 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–F bond length. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.36 Å) H–F bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two F atoms. There is one shorter (1.11 Å) and one longer (1.20 Å) H–F bond length. There are twenty-one inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to two H atoms. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the sixteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the seventeenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the eighteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the nineteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb and one H atom. In the twentieth F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to two H atoms. In the twenty-first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom.
Rb16Sn16F47 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are sixteen inequivalent Rb sites. In the first Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.82–2.91 Å. In the second Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.24 Å. In the third Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.26 Å. In the fourth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.37 Å. In the fifth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.32 Å. In the sixth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.22 Å. In the seventh Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.22 Å. In the eighth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.91 Å. In the ninth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.91 Å. In the tenth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.17 Å. In the eleventh Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.21 Å. In the twelfth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.78–3.31 Å. In the thirteenth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.89 Å. In the fourteenth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.22 Å. In the fifteenth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.21 Å. In the sixteenth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F atoms. There are a spread of Rb–F bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.95 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.30 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.41 Å. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.35 Å. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.31 Å. In the fifth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.31 Å. In the sixth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.41 Å. In the seventh Sn site, Sn is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.31 Å. In the eighth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.27 Å. In the ninth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.28 Å. In the tenth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.32 Å. In the eleventh Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.35 Å. In the twelfth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.29 Å. In the thirteenth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.29 Å. In the fourteenth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.35 Å. In the fifteenth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.34 Å. In the sixteenth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.30 Å. There are forty-seven inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the second F site, F is bonded to two Rb and two Sn atoms to form distorted FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the third F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share corners with three FRb3Sn tetrahedra and corners with two FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramids. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FRb3Sn tetrahedra and corners with two FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramids. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded to two Rb and two Sn atoms to form distorted FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four FRb3Sn tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramid. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Rb and one Sn atom. In the sixteenth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the seventeenth F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share corners with three FRb3Sn tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramid, and edges with two FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra. In the eighteenth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the nineteenth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the twentieth F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share corners with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra and edges with three FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra. In the twenty-first F site, F is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the twenty-second F site, F is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the twenty-third F site, F is bonded to two Rb and two Sn atoms to form distorted FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra that share corners with three FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra and edges with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the twenty-fourth F site, F is bonded to two Rb and two Sn atoms to form distorted FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra that share corners with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FRb2Sn2 trigonal pyramid, and edges with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the twenty-fifth F site, F is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the twenty-sixth F site, F is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the twenty-seventh F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share corners with two FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra and edges with three FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the twenty-eighth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the twenty-ninth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the thirtieth F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form distorted FRb3Sn tetrahedra that share corners with three FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra and edges with two FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the thirty-first F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the thirty-second F site, F is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Rb and one Sn atom. In the thirty-third F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the thirty-fourth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the thirty-fifth F site, F is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the thirty-sixth F site, F is bonded to two Rb and two Sn atoms to form distorted corner-sharing FRb2Sn2 tetrahedra. In the thirty-seventh F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the thirty-eighth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the thirty-ninth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the fortieth F site, F is bonded to three Rb and one Sn atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing FRb3Sn tetrahedra. In the forty-first F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom. In the forty-second F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the forty-third F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Rb and one Sn atom. In the forty-fourth F site, F is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Rb and one Sn atom. In the forty-fifth F site, F is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the forty-sixth F site, F is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Rb and two Sn atoms. In the forty-seventh F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb and one Sn atom.
Ti7F30Ti7(OF10)3(O2)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four water molecules; one Ti7(OF10)3 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction; and one Ti7F30 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the Ti7(OF10)3 ribbon, there are seven inequivalent Ti sites. In the first Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–9°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.24 Å. In the second Ti site, Ti is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.76–2.39 Å. In the third Ti site, Ti is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.33 Å. In the fourth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–16°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.03 Å. In the fifth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 10–16°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.23 Å. In the sixth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–10°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.18 Å. In the seventh Ti site, Ti is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six F atoms. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.39 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one F atom. The O–F bond length is 1.43 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one F atom. The O–F bond length is 1.42 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one F atom. The O–F bond length is 1.43 Å. There are thirty inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the second F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ti and one O atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the sixteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the seventeenth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the eighteenth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the nineteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twentieth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-first F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-second F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ti and one O atom. In the twenty-third F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ti and one O atom. In the twenty-fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-ninth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the thirtieth F site, F is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the Ti7F30 ribbon, there are seven inequivalent Ti sites. In the first Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–19°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.78–2.18 Å. In the second Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–22°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.78–2.22 Å. In the third Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–22°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.77–2.25 Å. In the fourth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–21°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.77–2.23 Å. In the fifth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–21°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.77–2.17 Å. In the sixth Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–20°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.78–2.18 Å. In the seventh Ti site, Ti is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.95 Å. There are thirty inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twelfth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the thirteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the fourteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the fifteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the sixteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the seventeenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the eighteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the nineteenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twentieth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-first F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-third F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-fourth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-fifth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-seventh F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti atoms. In the twenty-eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom. In the twenty-ninth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Ti atoms. In the thirtieth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti atom.