Interiors of the Midsized Moons of Uranus, Degree-Two Gravity Fields, and Electromagnetic Properties from Coupled Physical and Chemical Modeling
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Daswani, Mohit Melwani↗
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Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD”
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Impact of transverse magnetic field on electromagnetic electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and a new electron Rayleigh–Taylor instability
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H. Che↗
Transverse electron acceleration in the field of terahertz radiation. Terahertz synchrotron
We study transverse acceleration of an electron introduced to a terahertz pulse along the direction of the electromagnetic field wave vector in the presence of an external permanent magnetic field. We estimate the possible increment of the electron energy as well as the acceleration length and turn angle of the electron leaving the pulse. The developed acceleration scheme may be employed (in addition to the electron accelerator itself) in a terahertz synchrotron, possible parameters of which are estimated. (paper)
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
New particle pusher with hadronic interactions for modeling multimessenger emission from compact objects
We propose novel numerical schemes based on the Boris method in curved spacetime, incorporating both hadronic and radiative interactions for the first time. Once the proton has lost significant energy due to radiative and hadronic losses, and its gyroradius has decreased below typical scales on which the electromagnetic field varies, we apply a guiding center approximation (GCA). We fundamentally simulate collision processes either with a Monte-Carlo method or, where applicable, as a continuous energy loss, contingent on the local optical depth. To test our algorithm for the first time combining the effects of electromagnetic, gravitational, and radiation fields including hadronic interactions, we simulate highly relativistic protons traveling through various electromagnetic fields and proton backgrounds. We provide unit tests in various spatially dependent electromagnetic and gravitational fields and background photon and proton distributions, comparing the trajectory against analytic results. We propose that our method can be used to analyze hadronic interactions in black hole accretion disks, jets, and coronae to study the neutrino abundance from active galactic nuclei.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Explicit high-order non-canonical symplectic particle-in-cell algorithms for Vlasov-Maxwell systems
Not Available
Xiao, Jianyuan↗
Resonant magnetic fields from inflation
We propose a novel scenario to generate primordial magnetic fields during inflation induced by an oscillating coupling of the electromagnetic field to the inflaton. This resonant mechanism has two key advantages over previous proposals. First of all, it generates a narrow band of magnetic fields at any required wavelength, thereby allaying the usual problem of a strongly blue spectrum and its associated backreaction. Secondly, it avoids the need for a strong coupling as the coupling is oscillating rather than growing or decaying exponentially. Despite these major advantages, we find that the backreaction is still far too large during inflation if the generated magnetic fields are required to have a strength of O(10{sup −15} Gauss) today on observationally interesting scales. We provide a more general no-go argument, proving that this problem will apply to any model in which the magnetic fields are generated on subhorizon scales and freeze after horizon crossing.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Nonponderomotive electron acceleration in ultrashort surface-plasmon fields
We investigate the nonponderomotive nature of ultrafast plasmonic electron acceleration in strongly decaying electromagnetic fields generated by few-cycle and single-cycle femtosecond laser pulses. We clearly identify the conditions contributing to nonponderomotive acceleration and establish fundamental scaling laws and carrier-envelope phase effects. These all-optically accelerated compact, femtosecond electron sources can be utilized in contemporary ultrafast methods.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Aberration corrected 1.2-MV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope with a sub-50-pm resolution
Atomic-resolution electromagnetic field observation is critical to the development of advanced materials and to the unveiling of their fundamental physics. For this purpose, a spherical-aberration corrected 1.2-MV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope has been developed. The microscope has the following superior properties: stabilized accelerating voltage, minimized electrical and mechanical fluctuation, and coherent electron emission. These properties have enabled to obtain 43-pm information transfer. On the bases of these performances, a 43-pm resolution has been obtained by correcting lens aberrations up to the third order. Observations of GaN [411] thin crystal showed a projected atomic locations with a separation of 44 pm.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
The Epstein–Glaser causal approach to the light-front QED{sub 4}. I: Free theory
In this work we present the study of light-front field theories in the realm of the axiomatic theory. It is known that when one uses the light-cone gauge pathological poles (k{sup +}){sup −n} arises, demanding a prescription to be employed in order to tame these ill-defined poles and to have the correct Feynman integrals due to the lack of Wick rotation in such theories. In order to shed a new light on this long standing problem we present here a discussion based on the use of rigorous mathematical machinery of the distributional theory combined with physical concepts, such as causality, to show how to deal with these singular propagators in a general fashion without making use of any prescription. The first step of our development will consist in showing how the analytic representation for propagators arises by requiring general physical properties within the framework of Wightman’s formalism. From that we shall determine the equal-time (anti)commutation relations in the light-front form for the scalar and fermionic fields, as well as for the dynamical components of the electromagnetic field. In conclusion, we introduce the Epstein–Glaser causal method in order to have a mathematical rigorous description of the free propagators of the theory, allowing us to discuss a general treatment for propagators of the type (k{sup +}){sup −n}. Afterwards, we show that at given conditions our results reproduce known prescriptions in the literature. - Highlights: • We develop the analytic representation for propagators in Wightman’s framework. • We make use of the analytic representation to obtain equal-time (anti)commutation relations in the light-front. • We derive the free Feynman propagators for the light-front quantum electrodynamics in the Epstein–Glaser approach. • We determine a general expression for the propagator associated to the light-cone poles (k{sup +}){sup −n} in the causal approach.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Nonlinear waves in an array of zigzag waveguides with alternating positive and negative refractive indices
Interaction of coupled waves propagating in a system of waveguides with alternating positive and negative refractive indices is studied theoretically. The zigzag configuration of the waveguides in the array allows communication not only between the nearest neighbours, but also with the waveguides beyond them. It is shown that the spectrum of linear waves in such a waveguide system has a bandgap. Partial solutions are found to the system of coupled waves corresponding to a stationary electromagnetic field pulse that propagates along the array of tunnel-coupled waveguides as a whole. Investigation of the interaction of nonlinear solitary waves has demonstrated numerically the stability of their relatively weak disturbances and collisions with each other. (nanogradient dielectric coatings and metamaterials)
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
On the Asymmetric Generation of a Superradiant Laser with a Symmetric Low-Q Cavity
On the basis of numerical solution to the Maxwell–Bloch equations within the one-dimensional two-level model of a superradiant laser with a symmetric cavity in which the photon lifetime is less than the incoherent relaxation time of the optical-dipole oscillations of active centers, the phenomenon of the spontaneous asymmetric generation of counter-propagating waves under continuous uniform pumping of the active medium is revealed. It is shown that the observed symmetry breaking of the spatial profiles of counter-propagating waves of the electromagnetic field and, the polarization and inversion of the population of active-medium levels in the case of a small inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line of its working transition occurs due to the asymmetric half-wave nonlinear grating of inversion of the energy-level population produced by these waves.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
A conceptual design of an electron spectrometer for ELI-NP
We present the geometry and field parameters of an Electron Spectrometer (ES) with two dipole magnets, considered for electron energy measurements at the High Fields QED experimental area at ELI-NP. The first magnet is a 2 meter long permanent magnet, placed inside the Interaction Chamber (IC). The second magnet is a 1.5 meters long electromagnet, placed outside IC. The pulsed electron beam will be produced by the 10 PW pulsed Laser, ‘pump-beam’, focused into one meter long capillary low density plasma cell. A second 10 PW pulsed Laser, ‘probe-beam’, will interact with the relativistic electron bunch providing the strong electromagnetic field. The ES will measure the subtle changes in the electron energy spectrum as a result of the electron beam interaction with the probe-beam field.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
On Whether Angular Momentum in Electric and Magnetic Fields Radiates to Infinity
The Feynman Disk experiment and a related thought experiment with a static magnetic field and capacitor are studied. The mechanical torque integrated over time (angular impulse) is related to the angular momentum in the electric/magnetic field. This is not called an electromagnetic field since quasi-static as well as electromagnetic effects are included. The angular momentum in the electric/magnetic field is examined to determine its static and radiative components. This comparison was then examined to see if it clarified the Abraham-Minkowski paradox.
Canning, Francis X.↗
Heat and Mass Transfer in the Drying of a Cylindrical Body in an Oscillating Magnetic Field
A problem on the heating of a cylindrical body of infinite length in an oscillating electromagnetic field in the process of its drying has been formulated and solved analytically with account of the intermittence of irradiation of the body defined by the Heaviside unit function, the exponential-law absorption of electromagnetic energy by it, and the convective heat and mass exchange between the surface of the body and the environment having constant parameters. The intensity of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the body was determined on the basis of analytical solution of the problem on the mass transfer (moisture diffusion) in it on the assumption that the phase transformations of the body proceed near its surface. Solutions of the problem on the heating of the cylindrical body have been obtained for the cases of nonuniform and uniform distributions of its local temperature, the temperature of the body averaged over its volume, and the temperature gradient near the surface of the body. The 'serviceability' of these solutions was verified on the basis of numerical simulation, with them, of the drying of a seed shaped as a cylinder under the action of an oscillating infrared radiation. As a result of the numerical simulation performed, a technological regime of drying of seeds at minimum and maximum temperatures of their heating by on oscillating infrared radiation for a definite period of time in a cycle, providing not only the drying of the seeds but also substantial improvement of their sowing properties (the sprouting energy and the germination power), has been found. It is shown that the oscillating infrared heating of seeds can be used for their drying in pseudofluidized and vibrofluidized beds.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Aharonov-bohm paradox.
Aharonov-bohm paradox involving charge particle interaction with stationary current distribution showing that vector potential term in canonical momenta expression represents electromagnetic field momentum
QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS↗
On refractive processes in strong laser field quantum electrodynamics
Refractive processes in strong-field QED are pure quantum processes, which involve only external photons and the background electromagnetic field. We show analytically that such processes occurring in a plane-wave field and involving external real photons are all characterized by a surprisingly modest net exchange of energy and momentum with the laser field, corresponding to a few laser photons, even in the limit of ultra-relativistic laser intensities. We obtain this result by a direct calculation of the transition matrix element of an arbitrary refractive QED process and accounting exactly for the background plane-wave field. A simple physical explanation of this modest net exchange of laser photons is provided, based on the fact that the laser field couples with the external photons only indirectly through virtual electron–positron pairs. For stronger and stronger laser fields, the pairs cover a shorter and shorter distance before they annihilate again, such that the laser can transfer to them an energy corresponding to only a few photons. These results can be relevant for the future experiments aiming to test strong-field QED at present and next-generation facilities. -- Highlights: •Investigation of the one-loop amplitude of refractive QED processes in a laser field. •The amplitude is suppressed for a large number of net-exchanged laser photons. •Suggestion for first observation of high-nonlinear vacuum effects in a laser field.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Simple Statistical Model to Quantify Maximum Expected EMC in Spacecraft and Avionics Boxes
This study shows cumulative distribution function (CDF) comparisons of composite a fairing electromagnetic field data obtained by computational electromagnetic 3D full wave modeling and laboratory testing. Test and model data correlation is shown. In addition, this presentation shows application of the power balance and extention of this method to predict the variance and maximum exptected mean of the E-field data. This is valuable for large scale evaluations of transmission inside cavities.
Models↗
Magnetic fields due to solid and hollow conical conductors
Technology of high field electromagnet - axial and radial components of magnetic field produced by solid conical conductor with constant azimuthal current density
CONDUCTOR↗