ACE-SC computer programming system.
ACE-SC computer programming system providing centralized control for spacecraft checkout operations
Murphy, W. T.↗
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Reliability modeling of fault-tolerant computer based systems
Digital fault-tolerant computer-based systems have become commonplace in military and commercial avionics. These systems hold the promise of increased availability, reliability, and maintainability over conventional analog-based systems through the application of replicated digital computers arranged in fault-tolerant configurations. Three tightly coupled factors of paramount importance, ultimately determining the viability of these systems, are reliability, safety, and profitability. Reliability, the major driver affects virtually every aspect of design, packaging, and field operations, and eventually produces profit for commercial applications or increased national security. However, the utilization of digital computer systems makes the task of producing credible reliability assessment a formidable one for the reliability engineer. The root of the problem lies in the digital computer's unique adaptability to changing requirements, computational power, and ability to test itself efficiently. Addressed here are the nuances of modeling the reliability of systems with large state sizes, in the Markov sense, which result from systems based on replicated redundant hardware and to discuss the modeling of factors which can reduce reliability without concomitant depletion of hardware. Advanced fault-handling models are described and methods of acquiring and measuring parameters for these models are delineated.
Bavuso, Salvatore J.↗
Image processing by digital systems.
Digital computer system for storing, processing and displaying TV pictures
Efron, E.↗
Measuring the effects of heterogeneity on distributed systems
Distributed computer systems in daily use are becoming more and more heterogeneous. Currently, much of the design and analysis studies of such systems assume homogeneity. This assumption of homogeneity has been mainly driven by the resulting simplicity in modeling and analysis. A simulation study is presented which investigated the effects of heterogeneity on scheduling algorithms for hard real time distributed systems. In contrast to previous results which indicate that random scheduling may be as good as a more complex scheduler, this algorithm is shown to be consistently better than a random scheduler. This conclusion is more prevalent at high workloads as well as at high levels of heterogeneity.
El-Toweissy, Mohamed↗
Matrix Multiply Performance of GPUs on Exascale-class HPE/Cray Systems
The computation of dense matrix-matrix products (GEMMs) is central to many modeling and simulation workloads as well as AI/ML deep learning campaigns. In fact, millions of dollars are spent annually on computing GEMMs, and large model training demands are increasing exponentially. Specialized processors such as GPUs are designed to perform well for these operations. However, the performance of GEMMs on GPUs can exhibit complex behaviors depending on many factors, making it challenging to optimize the performance of GEMMs on these processors. In this study we undertake an examination of GEMM performance on several leading GPU models taken from product lines of GPUs to be deployed in forthcoming exascale computing systems. We show results to illustrate the many factors that can affect performance of GEMMs on GPUs. We then present data collected from a large number of test runs for an example GEMM operation to show the dependence behaviors of GEMM rate on matrix dimensions. Finally, we show results from machine learning-based performance models using novel feature engineering methods to fit the measured performance, providing a potential basis for GEMM performance tuning and autotuning methods for GPUs. Recommendations are also given for how to achieve high GEMM performance on modern GPUs.
Melesse Vergara, Veronica↗
Advanced Computed-Tomography Inspection System
Advanced Computed Tomography Inspection System (ACTIS) is computed-tomography x-ray apparatus revealing internal structures of objects in wide range of sizes and materials. Three x-ray sources and adjustable scan geometry gives system unprecedented versatility. Gantry contains translation and rotation mechanisms scanning x-ray beam through object inspected. Distance between source and detector towers varied to suit object. System used in such diverse applications as development of new materials, refinement of manufacturing processes, and inspection of components.
Harris, Lowell D.↗
Computer program provides steady state analysis for liquid propellant propulsion systems
Computer program uses Bernoullis formula and Newton-Raphson method to provide steady state fluid flow analysis of line pressure drop in a system with six outlets for each of two main storage tanks. Program flexibility arises in the ease with which changes in the fluid line geometry can be made.
Clark, R. L.↗
Computer Supported Indexing: A History and Evaluation of NASA's MAI System
Computer supported or machine aided indexing (MAI) can be categorized in multiple ways. The system used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) is described as semantic and computational. It's based on the co-occurrence of domain-specific terminology in parts of a sentence, and the probability that an indexer will assign a particular index term when a given word or phrase is encountered in text. The NASA CASI system is run on demand by the indexer and responds in 3 to 9 seconds with a list of suggested, authorized terms. The system was originally based on a syntactic system used in the late 1970's by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). The NASA mainframe-supported system consists of three components: two programs and a knowledge base (KB). The evolution of the system is described and flow charts illustrate the MAI procedures. Tests used to evaluate NASA's MAI system were limited to those that would not slow production. A very early test indicated that MAI saved about 3 minutes and provided several additional terms for each document indexed. It also was determined that time and other resources spent in careful construction of the KB pay off with high-quality output and indexer acceptance of MAI results.
Silvester, June P.↗
A Model-based Framework for Risk Assessment in Human-Computer Controlled Systems
The rapid growth of computer technology and innovation has played a significant role in the rise of computer automation of human tasks in modem production systems across all industries. Although the rationale for automation has been to eliminate "human error" or to relieve humans from manual repetitive tasks, various computer-related hazards and accidents have emerged as a direct result of increased system complexity attributed to computer automation. The risk assessment techniques utilized for electromechanical systems are not suitable for today's software-intensive systems or complex human-computer controlled systems. This thesis will propose a new systemic model-based framework for analyzing risk in safety-critical systems where both computers and humans are controlling safety-critical functions. A new systems accident model will be developed based upon modem systems theory and human cognitive processes to better characterize system accidents, the role of human operators, and the influence of software in its direct control of significant system functions. Better risk assessments will then be achievable through the application of this new framework to complex human-computer controlled systems.
Hatanaka, Iwao↗
Computer program provides linear sampled- data analysis for high order systems
Computer program performs transformations in the order S-to W-to Z to allow arithmetic to be completed in the W-plane. The method is based on a direct transformation from the S-plane to the W-plane. The W-plane poles and zeros are transformed into Z-plane poles and zeros using the bilinear transformation algorithm.
Bunn, D. B.↗
DREAMS and IMAGE: A Model and Computer Implementation for Concurrent, Life-Cycle Design of Complex Systems
Computing architectures are being assembled that extend concurrent engineering practices by providing more efficient execution and collaboration on distributed, heterogeneous computing networks. Built on the successes of initial architectures, requirements for a next-generation design computing infrastructure can be developed. These requirements concentrate on those needed by a designer in decision-making processes from product conception to recycling and can be categorized in two areas: design process and design information management. A designer both designs and executes design processes throughout design time to achieve better product and process capabilities while expanding fewer resources. In order to accomplish this, information, or more appropriately design knowledge, needs to be adequately managed during product and process decomposition as well as recomposition. A foundation has been laid that captures these requirements in a design architecture called DREAMS (Developing Robust Engineering Analysis Models and Specifications). In addition, a computing infrastructure, called IMAGE (Intelligent Multidisciplinary Aircraft Generation Environment), is being developed that satisfies design requirements defined in DREAMS and incorporates enabling computational technologies.
Hale, Mark A.↗
Systems and methods for designing new materials for superlubricity
A method for designing new materials for superlubricity comprises developing, on a computational system, a computational supercell comprising x unit cells of a base material, each unit cell comprising y atoms of the base material. The computational system replaces randomly chosen z atoms of the base material with an impurity atom of an impurity material to form a candidate material. The computational system determines volumetric strain of the candidate material. In response to the volumetric strain exceeding a predetermined threshold, the computational system determines that the candidate material has superlubricity. The computational system displays the candidate material to a user if the candidate material has superlubricity.
Narayanan, Badri↗
High-Performance Computing for Earth System Modeling
High-performance computing (HPC) plays an important role during the development of Earth system models. This chapter reviews HPC efforts related to Earth system models, including community Earth system models and energy exascale Earth system models. Specifically, this chapter evaluates computational and software design issues, analyzes several current HPC-related model developments, and provides an outlook for some promising areas within Earth system modeling in the era of exascale computing.
Wang, Dali↗
A computer-controlled scintiscanning system and associated computer graphic techniques for study of regional distribution of blood flow.
Two methods whereby a digital computer may be used to regulate a scintiscanning process are discussed from the viewpoint of computer input-output software. The computer's function, in this case, is to govern the data acquisition and storage, and to display the results to the investigator in a meaningful manner, both during and subsequent to the scanning process. Several methods (such as three-dimensional maps, contour plots, and wall-reflection maps) have been developed by means of which the computer can graphically display the data on-line, for real-time monitoring purposes, during the scanning procedure and subsequently for detailed analysis of the data obtained. A computer-governed method for converting scintiscan data recorded over the dorsal or ventral surfaces of the thorax into fractions of pulmonary blood flow traversing the right and left lungs is presented.
Coulam, C. M.↗
Safety Metrics for Human-Computer Controlled Systems
The rapid growth of computer technology and innovation has played a significant role in the rise of computer automation of human tasks in modem production systems across all industries. Although the rationale for automation has been to eliminate "human error" or to relieve humans from manual repetitive tasks, various computer-related hazards and accidents have emerged as a direct result of increased system complexity attributed to computer automation. The risk assessment techniques utilized for electromechanical systems are not suitable for today's software-intensive systems or complex human-computer controlled systems.This thesis will propose a new systemic model-based framework for analyzing risk in safety-critical systems where both computers and humans are controlling safety-critical functions. A new systems accident model will be developed based upon modem systems theory and human cognitive processes to better characterize system accidents, the role of human operators, and the influence of software in its direct control of significant system functions Better risk assessments will then be achievable through the application of this new framework to complex human-computer controlled systems.
Leveson, Nancy G↗
ACE-SC computer programming system
Acceptance checkout equipment - spacecraft computer programming systems
Murphy, W. T.↗
Computer program for thermodynamic performance of Brayton-cycle space-power systems
Computer program for calculating thermodynamic performance of Brayton cycle space power systems
SPACECRAFT POWER SUPPLY↗
Development of a computational aero/fluids analysis system
The Computational Aero/Fluids Analysis System (AFAS) provides the analytical capability to perform state-of-the-art computational analyses in two difficult fluid dynamics disciplines associated with the Space Shuttle program. This system provides the analysis tools and techniques for rapidly and efficiently accessing, analyzing, and reformulating the large and expanding external aerodynamic data base while also providing tools for complex fluid flow analyses of the SSME engine components. Both of these fluid flow disciplines, external aerodynamics and internal gasdynamics, required this capability to ensure that MSFC can respond in a timely manner as problems are encountered and operational changes are made in the Space Shuttle.
Kelley, P. B.↗