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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2000

BOREAS RSS-19 1996 CASI At-Sensor Radiance and Reflectance Images

The BOREAS RSS-19 team collected CASI images from the Chieftain Navaho aircraft in order to observe the seasonal change in the radiometric reflectance properties of the boreal forest landscape. CASI was deployed as a site-specific optical sensor as part of BOREAS. The overall objective of the CASI deployment was to observe the seasonal change in the radiometric reflectance properties of the boreal forest landscape. In 1996, image data were collected with CASI on 15 days during a field campaign between 18-July and 01 -August, primarily at flux tower sites located at study sites near Thompson, Manitoba, and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. A variety of CASI data collection strategies were used to meet the following scientific objectives: 1) canopy bidirectional reflectance, 2) canopy biochemistry, 3) spatial variability, and 4) estimates of up and downwelling PAR spectral albedo, as well as changes along transects across lakes at the southern site and transects between the NSA and SSA. The images are stored as binary image files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884) or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

Miller, John↗
DOE OSTI2022

Transcriptional pathways linked to fetal and maternal hepatic dysfunction caused by gestational exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) in CD-1 mice

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a diverse class of chemicals used in industrial processes, consumer products, and fire-fighting foams which have become environmental pollutants of concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and associations with adverse human health outcomes, including in pregnant persons and their offspring. Multiple PFAS are associated with adverse liver outcomes in adult humans and toxicological models, but effects on the developing liver are not fully described. Here we performed transcriptomic analyses in the mouse to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic toxicity in the dam and its fetus after exposure to two different PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA, known as GenX). Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed via oral gavage from embryonic day (E) 1.5-17.5 to PFOA (0, 1, or 5 mg/kg-d) or GenX (0, 2, or 10 mg/kg-d). Maternal and fetal liver RNA was isolated (N = 5 per dose/group) and the transcriptome analyzed by Affymetrix Array. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially enriched pathways (DEP) were obtained. DEG patterns were similar in maternal liver for 5 mg/kg PFOA, 2 mg/kg GenX, and 10 mg/kg GenX (R2: 0.46-0.66). DEG patterns were similar across all 4 dose groups in fetal liver (R2: 0.59-0.81). There were more DEGs in fetal liver compared to maternal liver at the low doses for both PFOA (fetal = 69, maternal = 8) and GenX (fetal = 154, maternal = 93). Upregulated DEPs identified across all groups included Fatty Acid Metabolism, Peroxisome, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Adipogenesis, and Bile Acid Metabolism. Transcriptome-phenotype correlation analyses demonstrated > 1000 maternal liver DEGs were significantly correlated with maternal relative liver weight (R 2 >0.92). These findings show shared biological pathways of liver toxicity for PFOA and GenX in maternal and fetal livers in CD-1 mice. The limited overlap in specific DEGs between the dam and fetus suggests the developing liver responds differently than the adult liver to these chemical stressors. This work helps define mechanisms of hepatic toxicity of two structurally unique PFAS and may help predict latent consequences of developmental exposure.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Yb4CdS7 by Materials Project

Yb4CdS7 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Yb3+ sites. In the first Yb3+ site, Yb3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Yb–S bond distances ranging from 2.71–3.34 Å. In the second Yb3+ site, Yb3+ is bonded to seven S2- atoms to form distorted YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with six YbS6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdS6 octahedra, edges with four YbS6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–49°. There are a spread of Yb–S bond distances ranging from 2.72–3.13 Å. In the third Yb3+ site, Yb3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form YbS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one YbS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CdS6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent YbS6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one YbS7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 77–80°. There are a spread of Yb–S bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.87 Å. In the fourth Yb3+ site, Yb3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form YbS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one YbS6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdS6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent YbS6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent CdS6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–80°. There are a spread of Yb–S bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.95 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted CdS6 octahedra that share corners with three YbS6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdS6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent YbS6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent YbS7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–77°. There are a spread of Cd–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–3.04 Å. There are seven inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Yb3+, one Cd2+, and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.13 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Yb3+, two equivalent Cd2+, and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.11 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Yb3+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Yb3+ and one S2- atom. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Yb3+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Yb3+ atoms to form SYb4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent SYb4 trigonal pyramids and edges with two equivalent SYb4Cd2 octahedra. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Yb3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form SYb4Cd2 octahedra that share edges with two equivalent SYb4Cd2 octahedra and edges with two equivalent SYb4 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na4Cd2Si3O10 by Materials Project

Na4Cd2Si3O10 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.45 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent CdO5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.38 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form CdO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with five SiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.38 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra and corners with two equivalent CdO5 trigonal bipyramids. There is two shorter (1.62 Å) and two longer (1.68 Å) Si–O bond length. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four equivalent CdO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.70 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to two Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Cd2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2Cd(GeS3)2 by Materials Project

Na2CdGe2S6 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form distorted NaS5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra, corners with five GeS4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one GeS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–S bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.07 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–S bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.29 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CdS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four GeS4 tetrahedra and corners with three equivalent NaS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Cd–S bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.58 Å. There are two inequivalent Ge4+ sites. In the first Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form GeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent GeS4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one NaS5 trigonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one NaS5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Ge–S bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.31 Å. In the second Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form GeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent GeS4 tetrahedra, and corners with four equivalent NaS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ge–S bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.29 Å. There are six inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Ge4+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Ge4+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and two Ge4+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Ge4+ atom to form corner-sharing SNa2CdGe tetrahedra. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one Ge4+ atom. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Na1+ and two Ge4+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SNa2Ge2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaZn2CdF7 by Materials Project

NaCdZn2F7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight F1- atoms. There are a spread of Na–F bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.59 Å. Cd2+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight F1- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–F bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.54 Å. There are two inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–53°. All Zn–F bond lengths are 2.05 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–51°. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and four longer (2.07 Å) Zn–F bond lengths. There are four inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and two Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing FNaZn2Cd tetrahedra. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FNa2Cd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

First demonstration of a triton beam using target normal sheath acceleration

Tritiated titanium targets were irradiated by the short-pulse OMEGA EP laser (1.25 kJ, 10 ps) to generate a laser accelerated pulsed beam of tritons by target normal sheath acceleration. Using a Thomson parabola, the beam was found to contain 10 12 tritons per pulse, with a mean energy of 2.2 MeV and an exponential tail reaching up to 10 MeV. In a separate experiment, the triton beam was directed onto a secondary deuterated polyethylene (CD) target to induce deuterium–tritium (D–T) nuclear reactions. Using neutron time-of-flight spectrometers, approximately 10 8 D–T fusion neutrons were observed per laser pulse. Furthermore, this triton beam presents new research opportunities for the study of the 3 H(t, 2n) 4 He reaction and di-neutron transfers to lithium and beryllium that may produce exotic neutron-rich nuclei of interest to basic nuclear science, astrophysics, and inertial confinement fusion technology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2Cl4O5 by Materials Project

(CdCl2)4(O2)5 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen peroxide molecules; four trioxidane molecules; and one CdCl2 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the CdCl2 sheet, there are two inequivalent Cd sites. In the first Cd site, Cd is bonded to four Cl atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing CdCl4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.50–2.58 Å. In the second Cd site, Cd is bonded to four Cl atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing CdCl4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Cd–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.57 Å. There are four inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Cd atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Cd atoms. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Cd atoms. In the fourth Cl site, Cl is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Cd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1993

Far-infrared emission from the intracluster medium

IRAS images of 56 clusters of galaxies are examined for evidence of diffuse, extended FIR emission at 60 and 100 microns. Of these 56 clusters, five show evidence of FIR excess, but at low levels of significance. For A496 and MKW 1, this excess is attributable to the presence of a strong point source at or near the position of the central cD galaxy. In A2344, the observed 100-micron excess is the result of the presence of a foreground cirrus concentration which coincides with the cluster. Examination of the sample as a whole indicates that clusters exhibit excess FIR emission at the 2-sigma level for apertures 4 and 10 arcmin in diameter. FIR luminosities range from about 1-0 exp 9 solar luminosities for the smallest aperture to about 10 exp 14 solar luminosities for the entire cluster.

Wise, Michael W.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Determining the locations of the various CIRC recording format information blocks (user data blocks, C2 and C1 words and EFM frames) on a recorded compact disc

Just prior to its being EFM modulated (i.e., converted to eight-to-fourteen channel data by the EFM encoder) and written to a Compact Disc (CD), information that passes through the CIRC Block Encoder is grouped into 33-byte blocks referred to as EFM frames. Twenty four of the bytes that make up a given EFM frame are user data that was input into the CIRC encoder at various (different) times, 4 of the bytes of this same EFM frame were created by the C2 ECC encoder (each at a different time), and another 4 were created by the C1 ECC encoder (again, each at a different time). The one remaining byte of the given EFM frame, which is known as the EFM frame C&D (for Control & Display) byte, carries information that identifies which portion of the current disc program track the given EFM frame belongs to and also specifies the location of the given EFM frame on the disc (in terms of a time stamp that has a resolution of l/75th second, or 98 EFM frames). (Note: since the program track and time information is stored as a 98-byte word, a logical group consisting of 98 consecutive EFM frames must be read, and their respective C&D bytes must be catenated and decoded, before the program track identification and time position information that pertains to the entire block of 98 EFM frames can be obtained.) The C&D byte is put at the start (0th byte) of an EFM frame in real time; its placement completes the construction of the EFM frame - it is assigned just before the EFM frame enters the EFM encoder. Four distinct blocks of data are referred to: 24-byte User Input Data Blocks; 28-byte C2 words; 32-byte C1 words; and 33-byte EFM frames.

Howe, Dennis G.↗
NASA NTRS2000

XMM-Newton Observations of the Cluster of Galaxies Sersic 159-03

The cluster of galaxies Sersic 159-03 was observed with the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory as part of the Guaranteed Time program. X-ray spectra taken with the EPIC and RGS instruments show no evidence for the strong cooling flow derived from previous X-ray observations. There is a significant lack of cool gas below 1.5 keV as compared to standard isobaric cooling flow models. While the oxygen is distributed more or less uniformly over the cluster, iron shows a strong concentration in the center of the cluster, slightly offset from the brightness center but within the central cD galaxy. This points to enhanced type Ia supernova activity in the center of the cluster. There is also an elongated iron-rich structure ex- tending to the east of the cluster, showing the inhomogeneity of the iron distribution. Finally, the temperature drops rapidly beyond 4' from the cluster center.

Kaastra, J. S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2Mn2Cd(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Na2Mn2Cd(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.95 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.67 Å. Mn+2.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.26 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.30 Å) and two longer (2.41 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra and corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–64°. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra and corners with four equivalent MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–58°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Mn+2.50+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn+2.50+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Mn+2.50+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Mn+2.50+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 by Materials Project

Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.70 Å. There are two inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.44 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CdO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–65°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.63 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five CdO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–61°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.61 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Cd2+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1977

The characteristics of sealed nickel-cadmium cells during voltage reversal

A mechanism which allows a cell voltage reversal in a nickel cadmium battery are discussed. The effects of reconditioning and the characteristics of Ni-Cd cells during voltage reversal at low overdischarge rates are outlined. Graphs are presented for: (1) hydrogen pressure decay-effect of state of charge (open circuit stand); (2) hydrogen pressure increase during overdischarge; (3) hydrogen pressure decay-effect of temperature (cells terminals connected through resistors); (4) cell, positive and negative electrode voltage during reversal when reconditioning a 13 cell-24-Ah battery pack through a 40 Omega resistor; (5) pressure discharge current and recombination current during voltage reversal when reconditioning a 13 cell-24-Ah battery pack through a 40 Omega resistor; (6) theoretical hydrogen gas pressure if there were no recombination; and (7) effect of hydrogen pressure on recombination rate during overcharge.

Ritterman, P. F.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Metal concentration and X-ray cool spectral component in the central region of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies

Spatially resolved energy spectra in the energy range 0.5-10 keV have been measured for the Centaurus cluster of galaxies with Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA). Within 10 min (200 kpc) from the cluster center, the helium-like iron K emission line exhibits a dramatic increase toward the center rising from an equivalent width approximately 500 eV to approximately 1500 eV corresponding to an abundance change from 0.3 to 1.0 solar. The presence of strong iron L lines indicates an additional cool component (kT approximately 1 keV) within 10 min from the center. The cool component requires absorption in excess of the galactic value and this excess absorption increases towards the central region of the cluster. In the surrounding region with radius greater than 10 min, the spectra are well described by a single temperature thermal model with kT approximately 4 keV and spatially uniform abundances at about 0.3-0.4 times solar. The detection of metal-rich hot and cool gas in the cluster center implies a complex nature of the central cluster gas which is likely to be related to the presence of the central cD galaxy NGC 4696.

Fukazawa, Yasushi↗
NASA NTRS1999

Imagine the Universe

This CD-ROM contains compilations of three NASA Website pages from the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The three sites on the CD-ROM are: (1) the Imagine the Universe!, (for ages 14 on up), which is dedicated to discussion of the Universe, what we know, how it is evolving and the kinds of objects and phenomena it contains; (2) StarChild: A learning center for young astronomers, (for ages 4-14), contains information about the Solar System, the Universe and space explorations; and (3) the Astronomy picture of the day, which offers a new astronomical image and caption for each calendar day.

White, Nicholas↗
NASA NTRS2002

2001 MAPLD International Conference Proceedings

This CD contains the proceedings from the '2001 MAPLD International Conference', held on 11-13 September 2001 at Johns Hopkins University. Sessions included the following: (1) Applications: Military and Aerospace; (2) Design 1: Processors, Logic, and Programmable Devices; (3) Reliability: Devices and The Effects of the Radiation Environment; (4) Design 2: Systems; and (5) Design 3: Fault Tolerance.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaMg30CdO32 by Materials Project

CaMg30CdO32 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.15 Å) and four longer (2.26 Å) Ca–O bond lengths. There are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.17 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.17 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.16 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CaO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.20 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are five shorter (2.15 Å) and one longer (2.16 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CaO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.18 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.17 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.16 Å) and four longer (2.29 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are thirteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form OCaMg5 octahedra that share corners with six OMg5Cd octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg5Cd octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg5 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.16 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. There are a spread of O–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.18 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. There are two shorter (2.15 Å) and two longer (2.17 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+, four equivalent Mg2+, and one Cd2+ atom to form OCaMg4Cd octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4Cd octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+, four equivalent Mg2+, and one Cd2+ atom to form OCaMg4Cd octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4Cd octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. All O–Mg bond lengths are 2.20 Å. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4Cd octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4Cd octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

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