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DOE OSTI2026

Symmetry-energy expansion with strange dense matter

The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram at large densities and low temperatures can be probed using both neutron stars and low-energy heavy-ion collisions. Heavy-ion collisions are nearly isospin-symmetric systems, whereas neutron stars are highly isospin asymmetric since they are neutron rich. The symmetry-energy expansion is used to connect these regimes across isospin asymmetry. However, the current symmetry-energy expansion does not account for strange particles. In this work, we include finite strangeness by redefining the isospin-asymmetry parameter and the symmetry-energy expansion in a way that is consistent with QCD SU(3) flavor symmetry. Furthermore, our new symmetry energy works well beyond typical neutron star central densities and admits a skewness term in the presence of strangeness for the case of weak equilibrium.

Equations of state of nuclear matter↗

DOE OSTI2025

Long range energy-energy correlator at the LHC

We study the forward-backward azimuthal angular correlations of hadrons in association with multiparticle production in the central rapidity region in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. We apply the nucleon energy-energy correlator framework, where the spinning gluon distribution introduces a nontrivial cos⁡(2⁢𝜙) asymmetries. We will demonstrate that the fundamental helicity structure of quantym chromodynamics (QCD) amplitudes predicts a unique power counting rule: cos⁡(2⁢𝜙) asymmetry starts at 𝒪⁡(𝛼$^{2}_{s}$) order for dijet, 𝒪⁡(𝛼 𝑠 ) for three jet and 𝒪⁡(1) for four (and more) jet productions. Our results will help us to understand the longstanding puzzle of nearside ridge behavior observed in high multiplicity events of 𝑝⁢𝑝 collisions at the LHC.

Quantum chromodynamics↗

DOE OSTI2020

Arginine off-kilter: guanidinium is not as planar as restraints denote

Crystallographic refinement of macromolecular structures relies on stereochemical restraints to mitigate the typically poor data-to-parameter ratio. For proteins, each amino acid has a unique set of geometry restraints which represent stereochemical information such as bond lengths, valence angles, torsion angles, dihedrals and planes. It has been shown that the geometry in refined structures can differ significantly from that present in libraries; for example, it was recently reported that the guanidinium moiety in arginine is not symmetric. In this work, the asymmetry of the N ∊ —C ζ —N η1 and N ∊ —C ζ —N η2 valence angles in the guanidinium moiety is confirmed. In addition, it was found that the C δ atom can deviate significantly (more than 20°) from the guanidinium plane. This requires the relaxation of the planar restraint for the C δ atom, as it otherwise causes the other atoms in the group to compensate by distorting the guanidinium core plane. A new set of restraints for the arginine side chain have therefore been formulated, and are available in the software package Phenix , that take into account the asymmetry of the group and the planar deviation of the C δ atom. This is an example of the need to regularly revisit the geometric restraint libraries used in macromolecular refinement so that they reflect the best knowledge of the structural chemistry of their components available at the time.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Learning with Adaptive Conservativeness for Distributionally Robust Optimization: Incentive Design for Voltage Regulation

Information asymmetry between the Distribution System Operator (DSO) and Distributed Energy Resource Aggregators (DERAs) obstructs designing effective incentives for voltage regulation. To capture this effect, we employ a Stackelberg game-theoretic framework, where the DSO seeks to overcome the information asymmetry and refine its incentive strategies by learning from DERA behavior over multiple iterations. We introduce a model-based online learning algorithm for the DSO, aimed at inferring the relationship between incentives and DERA responses. Given the uncertain nature of these responses, we also propose a distributionally robust incentive design model to control the probability of voltage regulation failure and then reformulate it into a convex problem. This model allows the DSO to periodically revise distribution assumptions on uncertain parameters in the decision model of the DERA. Finally, we present a gradient-based method that permits the DSO to adaptively modify its conservativeness level, measured by the size of a Wasserstein metric-based ambiguity set, according to historical voltage regulation performance. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated through numerical experiments.

adaptation models↗

DOE OSTI2020

Direct Phase-Angle Detection for Three-Phase Inverters in Asymmetrical Power Grids

This paper introduces a signal reformation based direct phase-angle detection (DPD-SR) technique for three-phase inverters supporting asymmetrical grids. Asymmetries in three-phase systems may happen because of unbalanced three-phase loads, which can lead to the voltage asymmetry at the terminals of grid-tied inverters. The proposed DPD-SR technique can detect the voltage phase-angle under asymmetrical conditions. The DPD-SR technique also offers precise and rapid phase-angle detection via signal reformation and trigonometric functions. In essence, the phase-angle detection is directly derived from the trigonometric properties of the line-line voltages, while signal reformation is implemented to handle asymmetrical voltages. The proposed method measures two line-line voltages and detects the phase-angle of a three-phase system under both symmetrical and asymmetrical conditions. Unlike classical phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques, DPD-SR does not need any closed-loop PI controller, which significantly reduces the complexity and the delay in detecting the phase-angle. In this paper, the efficacy of the proposed technique is examined in comparison with the state-of-the-art PLLs under asymmetrical conditions via a set of laboratory experiments. Here, the performance of the phase-angle detection is also tested as part of an inverter feeding an asymmetrical grid.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2025

Tunable phononic quantum interference induced by two-dimensional metals

Harnessing quantum interference among bosons provides opportunities due to their longer coherence time than fermions. Fano resonance, an example of quantum interference between discrete and continuous states, is marked by an asymmetric lineshape. While photon-based Fano resonance has enabled high-sensitivity molecule sensing, phonon-based Fano resonance remains underexplored because of ineffective interference between discrete phonons and electronic continuum. In this work, we report phonon-based Fano resonance in a graphene/2D Ag/SiC heterostructure, arising from frequency and lifetime matching between discrete and continuous phonons of SiC. The observed Fano asymmetry is tunable over two orders of magnitude, surpassing previously reported phonon-based systems. The 2D Ag layer restructures the interfacial SiC and facilitates resonant scattering to enhance Fano asymmetry, which is unattainable in conventional Ag. We further demonstrated that this Fano resonance allows ultrasensitive molecule detection at the single-molecule level. Our work highlights phonon-based Fano resonance, opening avenues for engineering quantum interference with phonons.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗

DOE OSTI2025

Constraints on lepton number violation with the 2 tonne · year CUORE dataset

Matter-antimatter asymmetry underlines the incompleteness of the current understanding of particle physics. Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) may help explain this asymmetry while unveiling the Majorana nature of the neutrino. The CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment searches for 0νββ of 130 Te using a tonne-scale cryogenic calorimeter operated at milli-kelvin temperatures. We report no evidence of 0νββ and place a lower limit on the half-life of T 1/2 > 3.5 × 10 25 years (90% credibility interval) with over 2 tonne·years of TeO 2 exposure. Finally, the tools and techniques developed for this result and the 5-year stable operation of nearly 1000 detectors demonstrate crucial infrastructure for future-generation experiments capable of searching for 0νββ across multiple isotopes.

Adams, D. Q. [Department of Physics and Astronomy,↗

DOE OSTI2025

Complex deuteron NMR signals

To determine the spin polarization of deuterons, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used. This is necessary for polarized targets, such as for the upcoming A zz and b 1 experiment at Jefferson Lab. NMR measures the impedance of a solenoid around a deuterated sample. Although the impedance is a complex value, conventionally only the real part of the impedance has been used for this purpose. However, often the tune is not precisely real, meaning the signal has at least some small imaginary portion. This conventionally has been dealt with by an offset parameter, such as Dulya’s false asymmetry method. For vector polarization, this suffices, as the tuning is factored into the overall error of the results, and for a small phase angle doesn’t make much of a difference. However, for tensor polarization, the exact lineshape of the signal is quite significant, and treating the impedance as complex during analysis removes the need for an offset parameter. As a result, it also provides more accurate results, as the conventional false asymmetry method over- or underestimates polarization, depending on the sign of the phase angle.

McClellan, Michael [University of New Hampshire, D↗

DOE OSTI2021

Radiative three-body D -meson decays in and beyond the standard model

We study radiative charm decays D → P 1 P 2γ , P 1,2 = π, K in QCD factorization at leading order and within heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. Branching ratios including resonance contributions are around ~10 –3 for the Cabibbo-favored modes into Kπγ and ~10 –5 for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes into π + π – γ,K + K – γ, and thus in reach of the flavor factories BES III and Belle II. Dalitz plots and forward–backward asymmetries reveal significant differences between the two QCD frameworks; such observables are therefore ideally suited for a data-driven identification of relevant decay mechanisms in the standard-model dominated D → Kπγ decays. This increases the potential to probe new physics with the D → π + π – γ and D → K + K – γ decays, which are sensitive to enhanced dipole operators. CP asymmetries are useful to test the SM and look for new physics in neutral |ΔC| = 1 transitions. Cuts in the Dalitz plot enhance the sensitivity to new physics due to the presence of both s- and t, u-channel intermediate resonances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Improved measurement of the strong-phase difference $\delta _D^{K\pi }$ in quantum-correlated $D{\overline{D}}$ decays

The decay D → K - π + is studied in a sample of quantum-correlated D$\overline{D}$ pairs, based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb -1 collected at the ψ(3770) resonance by the BESIII experiment. The asymmetry between CP-odd and CP-even eigenstate decays into K - π + is determined to be A Kπ = 0.132 ± 0.011 ± 0.007, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This measurement is an update of an earlier study exploiting additional tagging modes, including several decay modes involving a $K^{0}_{L}$ meson. The branching fractions of the $K^{0}_{L}$ modes are determined as input to the analysis in a manner that is independent of any strong phase uncertainty. Using the predominantly CP-even tag D → π + π - π 0 and the ensemble of CP-odd eigenstate tags, the observable $A^{πππ^0}_{Kπ}$ is measured to be 0.130 ± 0.012 ± 0.008. The two asymmetries are sensitive to $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ cos $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ where $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ and $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ are the ratio of amplitudes and phase difference, respectively, between the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed and Cabibbo-favoured decays. In addition, events containing D → K - π + tagged by D → $K^{0}_{S,L}$π + π - are studied in bins of phase space of the three-body decays. This analysis has sensitivity to both $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ cos $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ and $r^{Kπ}_{D}$, sin $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$. A fit to A Kπ , $A^{πππ^0}_{Kπ}$ and the phase-space distribution of the D → $K^{0}_{S,L}$π + π - tags yields $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ = ($187.6^{+8.9+5.4}_{-9.7-6.4}$)°, where external constraints are applied for $r^{Kπ}_{D}$ and other relevant parameters. This is the most precise measurement of $δ^{Kπ}_{D}$ in quantum-correlated D$\overline{D}$ decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Multiplicity and rapidity dependence of $\textrm{K}^{*}(\mathrm {{\textbf {892}}})^{0}$ and $\mathrm {\phi ({\textbf {1020}})}$ production in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} =$ 5.02 TeV

The transverse-momentum (p T ) spectra of K*(892) 0 and Φ(1020) measured with the ALICE detector up to p T = 16 GeV/c in the rapidity range -1.2 < y < 0.3, in p–Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV are presented as a function of charged particle multiplicity and rapidity. The measured p T distributions show a dependence on both multiplicity and rapidity at low p T whereas no significant dependence is observed at high p T . A rapidity dependence is observed in the p T -integrated yield (dN/dy), whereas the mean transverse momentum ($\langle$p T $\rangle$) shows a flat behavior as a function of rapidity. The rapidity asymmetry (Y asym ) at low p T (< 5 GeV/c) is more significant for higher multiplicity classes. At high p T , no significant rapidity asymmetry is observed in any of the multiplicity classes. Both K*(892) 0 and Φ(1020) show similar Y asym . The nuclear modification factor (Q CP ) as a function of p T shows a Cronin-like enhancement at intermediate p T , which is more prominent at higher rapidities (Pb-going direction) and in higher multiplicity classes. At high p T (> 5 GeV/c), the Q CP values are greater than unity and no significant rapidity dependence is observed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

New opportunities for rare charm from $Z\rightarrow c\bar{c}$ decays

We analyze the potential of rare charm decays as probes of new physics at a high-luminosity flavor facility operating at the Z pole, such as the FCC-ee or CEPC. In particular, we identify clean null-test observables in $D^0 → π^+ π^- v\bar{v}$ and in polarized $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ decays with $ℓ = e, μ$. Complementarity with the LHC and HL-LHC flavor programs arises from the characteristic features of a Tera-Z environment: the capability to study missing-energy modes and charm production with significant polarization. We improve the theoretical description of $D^0 → π^+ π^- v\bar{v}$ decays and work out the phenomenology of polarization-induced null-test observables in $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ decays. In regions of dilepton mass near the φ resonance, polarization asymmetries can reach $O$(5%) for muons and $O$(14%) for electrons times the $Λ^+_c$ polarization. We also point out synergies between the dineutrino and the dilepton modes using the SMEFT framework of heavy new physics. Using the IDEA detector concept at FCC-ee, we find in simulation studies that dineutrino branching fractions as low as ~ 2 x 10 -7 can be probed, which reaches well into the parameter space of new physics, and also allows for discrimination of lepton flavor structures. Furthermore, the measurement of asymmetries in $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ at $O$(1%) will be possible. Similar sensitivities are expected for dielectron final states, although robust predictions will require further dedicated studies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Dynamic Pressure Drag on Rising Buoyant Thermals in a Neutrally Stable Environment

Abstract This study examines dynamic pressure drag on rising dry buoyant thermals. A theoretical expression for drag coefficient C d as a function of several other nondimensional parameters governing thermal dynamics is derived based on combining the thermal momentum budget with the similarity theory of Scorer. Using values for these nondimensional parameters from previous studies, the theory suggests drag on thermals is small relative to that on solid spheres in laminar or turbulent flow. Two sets of numerical simulations of thermals in an unstratified, neutrally stable environment using an LES configuration of the Cloud Model 1 (CM1) are analyzed. One set has a relatively low effective Reynolds number R e and the other has an order-of-magnitude-higher R e ; these produce laminar and turbulent resolved-scale flows, respectively. Consistent with the theoretical C d , the magnitude of drag is small in all simulations. However, whereas the laminar thermals have C d ≈ 0.01, the turbulent thermals have weakly negative drag ( C d ≈ −0.1). This difference is explained by the laminar thermals having near vertical symmetry but the turbulent thermals exhibiting considerable vertical asymmetry of their azimuthally averaged flows. In the laminar thermals, buoyancy rapidly becomes concentrated around the main centers of rotation located along the horizontal central axis, leading to expansion of thermals via baroclinic vorticity generation but doing little to break vertical symmetry of the flow. Vertical asymmetry of the azimuthally averaged flow of turbulent thermals is attributed mainly to small-scale resolved eddies that are concentrated in the upper part of the thermals.

Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences↗

DOE OSTI2020

Fundamental Behavior of ENSO Phase Locking

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events tend to peak at the end of the calendar year, a phenomenon called ENSO phase locking. This phase locking is a fundamental ENSO property that is determined by its basic dynamics. The conceptual ENSO recharge oscillator (RO) model is adopted to examine the ENSO phase-locking behavior in terms of its peak time, strength of phase locking, and asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events. The RO model reproduces the main phase-locking characteristics found in observations, and the results show that the phase locking of ENSO is mainly dominated by the seasonal modulation of ENSO growth/decay rate. In addition, the linear/nonlinear mechanism of ENSO phase preference/phase locking is investigated using RO model. The difference between the nonlinear phase-locking mechanism and linear phase-preference mechanism is largely smoothed out in the presence of noise forcing. Further, the impact on ENSO phase locking from annual cycle modulation of the growth/decay rate, stochastic forcing, nonlinearity, and linear frequency are examined in the RO model. The preferred month of ENSO peak time depends critically on the phase and strength of the seasonal modulation of the ENSO growth/decay rate. Furthermore, the strength of phase locking is mainly controlled by the linear growth/decay rate, the amplitude of seasonal modulation of growth/decay rate, the amplitude of noise, the SST-dependent factor of multiplicative noise, and the linear frequency. The asymmetry of the sharpness of ENSO phase locking is induced by the asymmetric effect of state-dependent noise forcing in El Niño and La Niña events.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2026

Future Projection of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Troughs and Implications for Tropical Cyclone Activity

Summertime tropical upper-tropospheric troughs (TUTTs) provide a unified framework to better understand how extratropical and tropical forcings jointly modulate basin-scale tropical cyclone (TC) activity. In this study, we examine future changes in TUTTs and their implications for TC activity. Multimodel ensemble-mean projections from 45 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models suggest a contraction of the Pacific TUTT and an expansion of the Atlantic TUTT as the climate warms. Consistently, future changes in environment-based TC indices indicate that the large-scale conditions will become more favorable for TC genesis and intensification over the central North Pacific but less favorable over the tropical North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Utilizing a TC-permitting large-ensemble dataset [i.e., the Database for Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change (d4PDF)] that adequately captures the observed interannual TUTT–TC relationships, we further confirm the impacts of projected TUTT changes on the TC activity in a warmer climate. In contrast, the TUTT–TC relationship is poorly represented in most CMIP6 High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) models; such deficiencies call for caution when assessing future TC risk based on explicitly tracked TCs in these models. Additionally, CMIP6 projections show large intermodel spread in TUTT changes, implying uncertainty in projected TC activity, especially over the central-to-eastern Pacific and the North Atlantic. This intermodel spread is associated with interhemispheric sea surface temperature warming asymmetry, which leads to a meridional shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the simultaneous weakening or strengthening of TUTTs in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. The potential contributions of anthropogenic aerosol forcing and oceanic circulation to this interhemispheric warming asymmetry are briefly examined.

Climate Change↗

DOE OSTI2021

Analysis and Integration of the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site-2 (HFTS-2) Comprehensive Dataset

Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site-2 (HFTS-2) is a field-based research experiment performed in the Permian (Delaware) Basin. The unique aspect of this program was the acquisition of a unique, comprehensive, diagnostic dataset. Additionally, shorter parent wells drilled three years before the child wells offered clear distinction between the stages influenced by parent-child effects and the stages without any effects. The goal of this study was to analyze and integrate this comprehensive diagnostic dataset to understand the areal and vertical extent of hydraulic fractures (HF). The paper also provides insights on the effects of parent wells’ depletion on child well HF geometry based on various monitoring methods and subsurface models. Areal and vertical coverage for all HFTS-2 wells during stimulation and depletion was estimated based on analysis and interpretation of diagnostics and advanced modeling results. HFTS-2 diagnostics included microseismic (MS), pre- and post-stimulation logs and cores, bottomhole gauges, and fiber optic (FO) data. The diagnostics results (MS, FO, image logs) were integrated and used to calibrate subsurface models. Additional field tests were designed and implemented for depletion monitoring. The tailored program for monitoring depletion included vertical and slant well pressures, interference testing, and a vertical strain depletion trial. Areal Coverage: Conventional MS (and FO MS) were used to compute HF dimensions, which were compared with diagnostics (FO strain, gauge, image logs) observations and calibrated subsurface models. A post-production interference test did not show offset well communication. Vertical Coverage: Vertical coverage during stimulation was monitored using a vertical monitoring well. The stronger mechanical strain signals showed good correlation with MS event intensities, geomechanical properties, and gauge inferences. Vertical depletion was estimated based on vertical/slant well gauges and strain depletion tests. Parent-Child Effects: Diagnostics and calibrated subsurface models show asymmetry in child well fracture geometries for stages that overlap parent wells. Child well image logs serve as a good indicator for parent Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/URTECONF/proceedings-pdf/21URTC/2-21URTC/D021S031R004/2477423/urtec-2021-5241-ms.pdf/1 by Carol Worster on 28 February 2022 URTeC 5241 well HF tracking. Child well MS events had an eastward bias, in line with pre-stimulation image logs, and was confirmed by parent well frac hits. Novel/Additive Information: The dataset presents a unique, over-constrained problem space to compare independent techniques to arrive at HF metrics (i.e., stimulation height and/or half-length), unlike a single source dataset, in which calibration is done using available data to guide predictions. Here, the asymmetry in HF geometry seen in the stages influenced by parent-child effects offers unique insights into well spacing and landing, which are key capital decisions the unconventional resources industry is seeking to optimize.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of Transverse Spin Dependent Azimuthal Correlations of Charged Pion(s) in $p^{\uparrow} p$ Collisions at $\sqrt s = 200$ GeV at STAR

At the leading twist, the transversity distribution function, h^{q}_{1}(x) h 1 q ( x ) , where x x is the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by quark q q , encodes the transverse spin structure of the nucleon. Extraction of it is difficult because of its chiral-odd nature. In transversely polarized proton-proton collisions ( p^\uparrow p p ↑ p ), h_{1}^{q}(x) h 1 q ( x ) can be coupled with another chiral-odd partner, a spin-dependent fragmentation function (FF). The resulting asymmetries in hadron(s) azimuthal correlations directly probe h_{1}^{q}(x) h 1 q ( x ) . We report the measurement of correlation asymmetries for charged pion(s) in p^\uparrow p p ↑ p , through the Collins and the Interference FF channel.

Pokhrel, Babu↗

DOE OSTI2020

Hydrodynamic and Radiographic Toolbox (HART)

With a multi-lab and university team, we propose to develop new methods for a Hydrodynamic and Radiographic Toolbox (HART) that will enable a fuller and more extensive use of experimental radiographic data towards better characterizing and reducing uncertainties in predictive modeling of weapons performance. We will achieve this by leveraging recent developments in areas of computational imaging, statistical and machine learning, and reduced order modeling of hydrodynamics. In terms of software practices, by partnering with XCP (RISTRA Project) we will conform to recent XCP standards that are inline with modern software practices and standards and ensure compatibility and ease of inter-operability with existing codes. Three new activities under this proposal include (a) the development and use of deep learning-based surrogates to accelerate reconstruction and variational inference of density fields from radiographs of hydrotests, (b) a model-data fusion strategy that couples deep learning-based density reconstructions with fast hydrodynamics simulators to better constrain the reconstruction, and (c) a method for treating asymmetries using techniques adopted from limited view tomography. All three new activities will be based on improved treatment of scatter, noise, beam spot movement, detector blur, and flat fielding in the forward model, and a use of sophisticated priors to aid in the re construction. The improvements to the forward model and improved algorithmic design of the reconstruction when complete will be contained in the iterative reconstruction code SHIVA—a code project that we have recently initiated. The many ways in which machine learning can be used in the reconstruction work will be contained in a code HERMES that has been initiated with DTRA support. For example, the significant levels of acceleration that will likely be achieved by the use of machine learning techniques will permit us (and are required) to quantify uncertainties in density retrievals. Next, the two-way coupling between density reconstruction and model-based simulation of the hydrodynamics will be contained in code EREBUS, and will permit a fuller realization of the potential of the data to constrain the hydrodynamic model and better address issues related to asymmetries in the problem. Finally, we anticipate that the better consistency with physics achieved in our reconstructions will allow them to be used by X-Division more so than today.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗