SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “gear”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1979

Flight investigation of piloting techniques and crosswind limitations using a research type crosswind landing gear

A research-type crosswind landing gear was tested in a flight program which used a light STOL transport in strong crosswind conditions. The research-type crosswind landing gear used enabled the airplane to land to crosswinds up to a magnitude of 25 to 30 knots. Three modes of landing-gear operation were investigated: preset, automatic, and castor (passive self-alignment). Actual test data and histograms are given for the 195 'visual flight rules' crosswind landings made.

Fisher, B. D.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of spur gears

An analysis and computer program called TELSGE were developed to predict the variations of dynamic load, surface temperature, and lubricant film thickness along the contacting path during the engagement of a pair of involute spur gears. The analysis of dynamic load includes the effect of gear inertia, the effect of load sharing of adjacent teeth, and the effect of variable tooth stiffness which are obtained by a finite-element method. Results obtained from TELSGE for the dynamic load distributions along the contacting path for various speeds of a pair of test gears show patterns similar to that observed experimentally. Effects of damping ratio, contact ratio, tip relief, and tooth error on the dynamic load were examined. In addition, two dimensionless charts are included for predicting the maximum equilibrium surface temperature, which can be used to estimate directly the lubricant film thickness based on well established EHD analysis.

Wang, K. L.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Analytical and experimental spur gear tooth temperature as affected by operating variables

A gear tooth temperature analysis was performed using a finite element method combined with a calculated heat input, calculated oil jet impingement depth, and estimated heat transfer coefficients. Experimental measurements of gear tooth average surface temperatures and instanteous surface temperatures were made with a fast response infrared radiometric microscope. Increased oil jet pressure had a significant effect on both average and peak surface temperatures at both high load and speeds. Increasing the speed at constant load and increasing the load at constant speed causes a significant rise in average and peak surface temperatures of gear teeth. The oil jet pressure required for adequate cooling at high speed and load conditions must be high enough to get full depth penetration of the teeth. Calculated and experimental results were in good agreement with high oil jet penetration but showed poor agreement with low oil jet penetration depth.

Townsend, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Economical drive for large tube mills by means of planetary gears

The performance of heavy-duty planetary gear drives for ball mills used in the cement industry since 1967 is described. These gear drives transmit up to 8500 HP per installation. A reliable method for establishing gear drive efficiency is described and possible savings due to higher efficiency are indicated.

Ackle, W.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Analytical and experimental spur gear tooth temperature as affected by operating variables

A gear tooth temperature analysis was performed using a finite element method combined with a calculated heat input, calculated oil jet impingement depth, and estimated heat transfer coefficients. Experimental measurements of gear tooth average surface temperatures and instantaneous surface temperatures were made with a fast response infrared radiometric microscope. Increased oil jet pressure had a significant effect on both average and peak surface temperatures at both high load and speeds. Increasing the speed at constant load and increasing the load at constant speed causes a significant rise in average and peak surface temperatures of gear teeth. The oil jet pressure required for adequate cooling at high speed and load conditions must be high enough to get full depth penetration of the teeth. Calculated and experimental results were in good agreement with high oil jet penetration but showed poor agreement with low oil jet penetration depth.

Townsend, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Comparisons of modified Vasco X-2 and AISI 9310 gear steels

Endurance tests were conducted with four groups of spur gears manufactured from three heats of consumable electrode vacuum melted (CVM) modified Vasco X-2. Endurance tests were also conducted with gears manufactured from CVM AISI 9310. Bench type rolling element fatigue tests were conducted with both materials. Hardness measurements were made to 811 K. There was no statistically significant life difference between the two materials. Life differences between the different heats of modified Vasco X-2 can be attributed to heat treat variation and resultant hardness. Carburization of gear flanks only can eliminate tooth fracture as a primary failure mode for modified Vasco X-2. However, a tooth surface fatigue spall can act as a nucleus of a tooth fracture failure for the modified Vasco X-2.

Townsend, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Surface geometry of circular cut spiral bevel gears

The tooth surface principal radii of curvature of crown (flat) gears were determined. Specific results are presented for involute, straight, and hyperbolic cutter profiles. It is shown that the geometry of circular cut spiral bevel gears is somewhat simpler than a theoretical logarithmic spiral bevel gear.

Huston, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Optimal tooth numbers for compact standard spur gear sets

The design of a standard gear mesh is treated with the objective of minimizing the gear size for a given ratio, pinion torque, and allowable tooth strength. Scoring, pitting fatigue, bending fatigue, and the kinematic limits of contact ratio and interference are considered. A design space is defined in terms of the number of teeth on the pinion and the diametral pitch. This space is then combined with the objective function of minimum center distance to obtain an optimal design region. This region defines the number of pinion teeth for the most compact design. The number is a function of the gear ratio only. A design example illustrating this procedure is also given.

Savage, M.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Influence of landing gear flexibility on aircraft performance during ground roll

An analysis is made of the influence of landing gear deflection characteristics on aircraft performance on the ground up to rotation. A quasi-steady dynamic equilibrium state is assumed, including other simplifying assumptions such as calm air conditions and normal aircraft lift and drag. Ground incidence is defined as the angle made by the mean aerodynamic chord of the wing with respect to the ground plane, and equations are given for force and balance which determine the quasi-equilibrium conditions for the aircraft during ground roll. Results indicate that the landing gear deflections lead to a substantial increase in the angle of attack, and the variation in the ground incidence due to landing gear flexibility could be as much as + or - 50%, and the reduction in tail load requirements almost 25%.

Sivaramakrishnan, M. M.↗

NASA NTRS1982

An electronic control for an electrohydraulic active control landing gear for the F-4 aircraft

A controller for an electrohydraulic active control landing gear was developed for the F-4 aircraft. A controller was modified for this application. Simulation results indicate that during landing and rollout over repaired bomb craters the active gear effects a force reduction, relative to the passive gear, or approximately 70%.

Ross, I.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Optimal tooth numbers for compact standard spur gear sets

Savage, M.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Experimental and analytical determination of gear tooth temperatures with oil jet lubrication

Gear tooth average and instantaneous surface temperatures were measured with a fast response infrared radiometric microscope, while operating at arious speeds, loads and oil jet pressures. Increased oil jet pressure had a significant effect on both average and peak surface temperatures at all test conditions, increasing the speed at constant load and increasing the load at constant speed causes a significant rise in average and peak surface temperatures of gear teeth. A gear tooth temperature analysis was conducted by a finite element method combined with a calculated heat input and oil jet impingment depth with estimated heat transfer coefficients based on the experimental data. It is concluded that oil jet pressures required for adequate cooling at high load and speed conditions must be high enough to get full penetration depth of the teeth.

Townsend, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Comparison of spur gear efficiency prediction methods

The predictions of five spur-gear efficiency calculation methods were compared with three sets of test data using different gear geometries. The data and the analysis methods were limited to jet lubricated, ground, spur gears. The data covered a range in pitch line velocity to 1 to 20 m/sec (200 to 4000 ft/min) and K-load factor range of 17 to 1600.

Anderson, N. E.↗

NASA NTRS1983

An update on the life analysis of spur gears

An analytical method for predicting surface fatigue life of gears was presented. General statistical methods were outlined, showing the application of the general methods to a simple gear mesh. Experimentally determined values for constants in the life equation were given. Comparison of the life theory with test results and AGMA standards was made. Gear geometry pertinent to life calculations was reviewed.

Coy, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

A computer code for performance of spur gears

In spur gears both performance and failure predictions are known to be strongly dependent on the variation of load, lubricant film thickness, and total flash or contact temperature of the contacting point as it moves along the contact path. The need of an accurate tool for predicting these variables has prompted the development of a computer code based on recent findings in EHL and on finite element methods. The analyses and some typical results which to illustrate effects of gear geometry, velocity, load, lubricant viscosity, and surface convective heat transfer coefficient on the performance of spur gears are analyzed.

Wang, K. L.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Geometrical analysis of circular-cut spiral bevel gears

Geometrical studies of circular cut spiral bevel gears are reported. Tooth profile changes heel to toe are studied in the transverse plane. Pressure angle changes are determined. The radiuses of curvature of the tooth surfaces generated by various cutter profiles are also determined. The consequences of cutter profile changes are explored. Crown gears are emphasized and the implications for conical gears are discussed.

Huston, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1984

An investigation of the transient thermal analysis of spur gears

A finite element computer program is developed for evaluating the transient behavior of surface temperature in high performance spur gears. The time dimension is implemented using two and three point finite difference schemes. The different schemes are provided for the purpose of numerical stability and convergence studies. A detailed explanation of the gear cooling process leading to the establishment of a modified Blok model is also included. Other conventional models for approximating the heat transfer coefficients are available for comparison. Preliminary results are given showing snap shots of gear temperature contours at the initial stages of tooth engagement.

El-Bayoumy, L. E.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Optimizing Load Spectra for Gears

Life expectancy of gear systems extended. NASA document presents algorithm for gear-load-spectrum synthesis (GLSS) as aid in choosing best load spectrum for machine containing gears. Objective of GLSS: Determine best schedule or combination of load elements-one that yields longest possible fatigue life for machine.

Oyoung, S. P. P.↗