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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

Low-frequency vibration environment for five Shuttle missions

The Microgravity Science and Applications Division's (MSAD) program to record and analyze the Shuttle's vibration environment is reviewed. This program provides microgravity science investigators with time and frequency analyses of the acceleration environment during their experiments' operation. Information is also provided for future investigators on the expected Shuttle vibration environment. As background, the two major elements of the program are discussed, the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and the Acceleration Characterization and Analysis Project (ACAP). A comparison of the acceleration measurements from five Shuttle missions is discussed.

Baugher, George R.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Multi-GPU immersed boundary method hemodynamics simulations

Large-scale simulations of blood flow that resolve the 3D deformation of each comprising cell are increasingly popular owing to algorithmic developments in conjunction with advances in compute capability. Among different approaches for modeling cell-resolved hemodynamics, fluid structure interaction (FSI) algorithms based on the immersed boundary method are frequently employed for coupling separate solvers for the background fluid and the cells within one framework. GPUs can accelerate these simulations; however, both current pre-exascale and future exascale CPU-GPU heterogeneous systems face communication challenges critical to performance and scalability. In this paper, we describe, to our knowledge, the largest distributed GPU-accelerated FSI simulations of high hematocrit cell-resolved flows with over 17 million red blood cells. We compare scaling on a fat node system with six GPUs per node and on a system with a single GPU per node. Through comparison between the CPU- and GPU-based implementations, we identify the costs of data movement in multiscale multi-grid FSI simulations on heterogeneous systems and show it to be the greatest performance bottleneck on the GPU.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

LAMP Manufacturing Survey (Final Report)

This report presents the results of a market manufacturing survey performed for fabricating radiofrequency quadrupoles (RFQ) and Drift Tube Linear Accelerator (DTL) components needed for the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) Modernization Project (LAMP). A review on existing RFQs and DTLs with their parameters, a summary of specific capabilities needed to manufacture them, the common issues during the fabrication process, their consequences, and resolutions to these problems is presented in this report. The goal of this study is to identify potential collaborators and companies capable of manufacturing the necessary accelerator equipment, while minimizing cost and schedule risks that could impact the future modernization of the LANSCE facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling in High Temperature Corrosion: A Review and Outlook

Realizing higher operating temperatures to increase efficiency of future applications for energy conversion and storage while minimizing cost is a challenge for development of high-temperature materials. Simultaneous optimization of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance continues to be a difficult task but is essential due to the need to significantly accelerate the transition between technology readiness levels in the future. Furthermore, oxidation-induced degradation will be a critical life-limiting mechanism at increased operating temperatures. Suitable high-temperature materials cannot be solely identified by time-consuming experiments and reliable computational methods incorporating the relevant physics of processes must be considered to complement the experimental efforts. In the present work, a review of the methods employed to model oxidation-induced material degradation described in literature will be discussed. Furthermore, their capability to predict lifetime and aid in material selection will be evaluated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experience With Machine Protection Systems At PIP2IT

The PIP-II Injector Test 1 PIP2IT facility accelerator was assembled in multiple stages in 2014 $-$ 2021 to test concepts and components of the future PIPII linac that is being constructed at Fermilab. In its final configuration, PIP2IT accelerated a 0.55 ms x 20 Hz x 2 mA H$-$ beam to 16 MeV. To protect elements of the beam line, a Machine Protection System MPS was implemented and commissioned. The beam was interrupted faster than 10$\mu$s when excessive beam loss was detected. The paper describes the MPS architecture, methods of the loss detection, procedure of the beam interruption, and operational experience at PIP2IT.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Millikelvin Cryogenics at Fermilab

Millikelvin cryogenics is an emergent area for Fermilab with broad applications in particle detection for the cosmic frontier and quantum information science. Fermilab Cryogenic Engineering currently supports multiple experiments, including the SuperCDMS SNOLAB and ADMX dark matter experiments, along with several millikelvin test facilities. More programs are expected to come online in future.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Dipole Magnets Above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

To enable the physics research that continues to deepen our understanding of the Universe, future circular colliders will require a critical and unique instrument—magnets that can generate a dipole field of 20 T and above. However, today’s maturing magnet technology for low-temperature superconductors (Nb-Ti and Nb 3 Sn) can lead to a maximum dipole field of around 16 T. High-temperature superconductors such as REBCO can, in principle, generate higher dipole fields but significant challenges exist for both conductor and magnet technology. To address these challenges, several critical research needs, including direct needs on instrumentation and measurements, are identified to push for the maximum dipole fields a REBCO accelerator magnet can generate. We discuss the research needs by reviewing the current results and outlining the perspectives for future technology development, followed by a brief update on the status of the technology development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present a roadmap for the next decade to develop 20 T-class REBCO accelerator magnets as an enabling instrument for future energy-frontier accelerator complex.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Beam Instrumentation at the Fermilab IOTA Ring

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is a storage ring located at the end of the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. The complex is intended to support accelerator R&D for the next generation of particle accelerators. The IOTA ring is currently operating with 100 MeV electrons injected from the FAST Linac and will also receive 2.5 MeV protons from the IOTA Proton Injector currently being installed. The current instrumentation and results from the first electron commissioning run will be presented along with future plans.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quantum dynamics of a nucleon in the Fermi accelerator

Highlights: • In nuclear physics, the Fermi accelerator is a coherent open quantum system. • There is not a true equilibrium for a nucleon‘s mean-energy in the Fermi accelerator. • Occupation of higher energy eigen-states remains even after the mean-energy plateaus. • This work paves the way for work on quantum tunnelling in the Fermi accelerator. The quantum dynamics of a particle in a one-dimensional box with an oscillating wall (the Fermi accelerator) is investigated. The model is applied to the motion of a single nucleon in the mean-field potential of a heavy atomic nucleus whose surface vibrates. By directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, both the state of the particle and its mean-energy are studied. The effects of the frequency of the wall oscillation on the nucleon’s energy are addressed. Its energy oscillates in phase with the moving wall for all frequencies, showing no chaotic behaviour. There is a large initial peak of the nucleon’s energy as the particle adjusts to the sudden change in the size of the box and a varying relaxation time as it plateaus towards lower energy and a partial equilibrium. Small oscillations in energy continue, since there cannot be a true equilibrium while the wall is moving. The quantum coherence between the different parts of the nucleon’s wave-function in real space is very much preserved. This research lays the foundation for future investigations into quantum tunnelling in the Fermi accelerator.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Accelerating catalytic advancements through the precision of high-throughput experiments & calculations

The growing demand for energy-efficient processes to support a sustainable future drives the need for research to rapidly explore chemical and material space through accelerated catalyst discovery initiatives. Recent breakthroughs in high-throughput experimental and computational methods are transforming the catalysis field, surpassing traditional approaches to manipulating variables in catalytic processes. Key advancements in innovation include the integration of machine learning for efficient catalyst screening, high-throughput experimentation, data-driven methodologies employing comprehensive databases, and in situ and in operando techniques for realistic observations. This progress has undoubtedly been intertwined with a collaborative framework across disciplines, reshaping catalyst discovery methods in both industry and academia. This Opinion article presents a multifaceted perspective from coauthors with expertise spanning various stages of the Technology Readiness Level spectrum, highlighting both opportunities and persistent challenges in integrating computational and experimental approaches in catalysis. These challenges span from obtaining high-quality experimental data, scaling simulations to industrially relevant materials and process conditions to navigating the complexity and predictive accuracy of computational models.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

PIP-II 800 MeV Proton Linac Beam Pattern Generator

The PIP2 IT Beam Pattern Generator is the system that synchronizes beam injection and the RF systems between the PIP2 LINAC to the Booster. The RF frequencies of these two accelerator systems are not harmonically related. Synchronization is accomplished by controlling two MEBT Beam Choppers, which select 162.5MHz beam bunches from the LEBT and RFQ to produce an appropriate reduced beam bunch pattern that enables bucket-to-bucket transfer to the Booster RF at 46.46MHz (84th harmonic). This chopping pattern also reduces the beam current to an average of 2mA over the Booster injection, matching the Linac nominal beam current. The BPG also generates the RF frequency/phase reference which the Booster will phase lock to during injection. The BPG is fully programmable, allowing for arbitrary beam patterns with adjustable timing parameters, having a fine adjustment resolution of 38ps. The latter is accomplished using digital signal processing techniques. This paper discusses the design of the BPG, its construction, test results, and operational experience after being integrated into the PIP2 IT test accelerator and concludes with a discussion of the system’s performance and future plans.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Measuring and Utilizing Gravity-Gradient Induced Torques on Future Gravity Recovery Missions

This research is a novel investigation into the use of newly-available relative angular acceleration measurements between a spacecraft utilized for gravity recovery missions and an internally located test mass. The gravity-gradient torque equation for zonal spherical harmonic order n is formulated for a known gravitational potential field, and through simulations it is proven that the Simplified-Gravitational Reference Sensor will be sensitive to the gravity-gradient induced torques acting on its test mass. The full conference paper will demonstrate how the presented gravity-gradient torque equation and the measured relative angular acceleration between the spacecraft and test mass will improve the accuracy of the gravity field models acquired by future gravity recovery missions by directly measuring the drag acting on the spacecraft with a single accelerometer.

gravity recovery↗
DOE OSTI2023

First Results From Nanoindentation of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn Films on Nb

The mechanical vulnerability of the Nb3Sn-coated cavities is identified as one of the significant technical hurdles toward deploying them in practical accelerator applications in the not-so-distant future. It is crucial to characterize the material's mechanical properties in ways to address such vulnerability. Nanoindentation is a widely used technique for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films that involves indenting the film with a small diamond tip and measuring the force-displacement response to calculate the film's elastic modulus, hardness, and other mechanical properties. The nanoindentation analysis was performed on multiple vapor-diffused Nb3Sn samples coated at Jefferson Lab and Fermilab coating facilities for the first time. This contribution will discuss the first results obtained from the nanoindentation of Nb3Sn-coated Nb samples prepared via the Sn vapor diffusion technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

ACCELERATOR CHALLENGES OF THE LHeC PROJECT

The LHeC project studies the design of a future electron-proton collider at CERN that will run in parallel to the standard LHC operation. For this purpose, the existing LHC storage ring will be combined with an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), to accelerate electrons up to kinetic energy of 50 GeV. This concept - also applicable to the FCC-eh collider and studied at the PERLE project as prototype version - allows a peak luminosity of 10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹. A sophisticated design of the RF structures, linacs, arcs, and interaction region is required. The electrons are accelerated and, after the interaction point, their energy is recovered through the same RF structures. While this energy recovery concept is a very promising approach, severe challenges are set by the layout of the interaction region, the beam separation concept and the design of the linac and arc lattice for the highest possible momentum acceptance. Emittance control and beam-beam effect of both, electron and proton beams, have been studied in front-to-end simulations and will be presented. We summarise the design principles of the ERL, the optimization of the arc lattice, and the main parameters of the project.

Holzer, B. J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Performance Evaluation of AG-1 FC HEPA Filters and Medium in Nuclear Complex Facilities - 20434

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are credited as the final barrier against the release of radioactive aerosol contamination in nearly every operating U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) nuclear facility. The Institute for Clean Energy Technology (ICET) at Mississippi State University maintains a research program that studies various aspects of these components of containment systems and seeks to answer key questions from across the industry. This programmatic overview will include results from recent and ongoing studies, including a study on filter design and performance envelope, degradation due to aging or fatigue, fire event impact on HEPA filters, and accelerated aging of medium and component parts. ICET has completed a study helping to define the threshold for combined elevated temperature and relative humidity resistance of separator style and separator-less style HEPA filters that are used in DOE complexes. The study provides experimental data that considers elevated temperature, elevated relative humidity (RH), and target differential pressure (dP) in an attempt to gain a better understanding or more comprehensive insight into the operating envelope of different configurations of ASME (American Society for Mechanical Engineers) AG-1 Section FC filters. Test variables including air temperature ranges of 48.88 deg. C, 54.44 deg. C, or 60 deg. C (120, 130, or 140 deg. F); air RH ranges including 60-70%, 80%, or 90+% with initial filter dP of either 497.68 Pa, 746.52 Pa, or 995.36 Pa (2 inches water column (in. w. c.), 3 in. w. c., or 4 in. w. c.) included for full bracketing of each set of conditions. A study examining the effects of aging and fatigue on nuclear grade HEPA filters and medium elucidates the physical properties of media along with testing of new and aged ASME AG-1 HEPA filters. In addition to performing autopsies of the tested, aged filters to help better understand the service life of their performance, newly designed accelerated aging chambers allow new medium to undergo accelerated aging and exposure treatments. Evaluation of degradation in physical properties and functionality requires a high population of aged filters of different ages, designs, manufacturers, and operational histories. The limited availability of this population and the impropriety of looking solely at formulations and components from past years requires experimental design that will provide foresight into future filter performance. This undertaking therefore involves not only properties analysis of aged medium from different operational histories, ages, designs, and manufacturers, but also prescience in analytical goals via accelerated aging studies of newly manufactured media. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms of degradation from past formulations as well as current and future formulations is possible. Accelerated Aging of newly manufactured media utilizes exposure treatments based on the Arrhenius equation to artificially age medium and therefore glimpse into the future. Evaluation of current media properties This testing allows for the comparison of performance and durability of new filters under upset or design basis conditions with aged filters that were in service under ambient conditions and other aged filters retained in storage. Susceptibility of HEPA filters to the effects of combustion byproducts, heat, and water is also being studied in an attempt to gain understanding on the prevention of filter failures during fire events in nuclear facilities. ICET seeks to determine the effect of filter performance due to smoke loading using characterized smoke from variable fuel compositions, geometries, and loads; the smoke capacity of various filters with different burning conditions, heat release rates and transport, as well as mass transport from the air stream will be studied in low flow containment systems. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1986

Acceleration of energetic particles at solar wind shocks

A review of the acceleration of energetic ions at interplanetary shocks is presented with an emphasis on the theory of diffusive shock acceleration and interplanetary traveling shocks. The basic theory is discussed briefly, including wave excitation. Ten predictions of the theory as outlined by Kennel et al. (1985) are presented and found to compare favorably with the observations of the 11, 12 November 1978 event. Some problems are presented which should be addressed by future theoretical/experimental work. A simple illustrative application of diffusive acceleration theory is made to the acceleration of ions at shocks in the distant heliosphere and compared qualitatively with the intensity profiles observed by Pioneer 10. Finally, Some brief thoughts on shock acceleration at high solar latitudes are presented.

Lee, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Cosmic rays in the heliosphere - Present status and future opportunities

The general theory of charged-particle transport and acceleration is reviewed and application to the heliosphere discussed in detail. The present status of understanding is briefly surveyed, with emphasis on large-scale processes. Opportunities for increasing understanding through the confrontation of theory, modeling and observations are outlined. It is concluded that the largest advances in this understanding in the next few years will come from coordinated theoretical and observations studies of large-scale phenomena requiring energetic-particle, magnetic-field, and plasma data from several spacecraft. Fundamental studies of the interactions between cosmic rays and turbulent plasma to study transport coefficients, details of interactions with shocks, etc, are also important in the longer term.

Jokipii, J. R.↗