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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

U.S. Efforts in Support of Examinations at Fukushima Daiichi- November 2020 Meeting Notes with Updated Information Requests

Much is still not known about the end-state of core materials in each unit that was operating on March 11, 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (Daiichi). Information obtained from Daiichi is required to inform Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) activities, improving the ability of the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated (TEPCO Holdings) to characterize potential hazards and to ensure the safety of workers involved with cleanup activities. This information also has important implications for the safety and operation of U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. This document summarizes results from the Fiscal Year 2021 (FY2021) U.S. effort to review Daiichi information and extract insights to enhance the safety of existing and future nuclear power plant designs. This U.S. effort, which was initiated in 2014 by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE), is completed by a group of experts in reactor safety and plant operations that identify examination needs and evaluate recent Daiichi examination data to address these needs. Since its inception, annual reports were issued that document significant safety insights being obtained in areas of special emphasis: system and component performance, radionuclide surveys and sampling, debris end-state location, combustible gas effects, and plant operations and maintenance. In addition to reducing uncertainties related to severe accident modeling progression, these insights have and continue to be used to update guidance for severe accident prevention, mitigation, and emergency planning. Reduced uncertainties in modeling the events at Daiichi improve the realism of reactor safety evaluations that inform future D&D activities. A key aspect of prior U.S. efforts, the updated list of information requests, is included in this FY2021 report to ensure that they are transmitted to organizations within Japan. This report also continues to emphasize how information obtained from the affected reactors at Daiichi has been and will continue to be used to update severe accident management strategies and reduce uncertainties in systems analysis code models. In addition, recommendations are included that would expand the use of this information to provide insights regarding maintenance, radiation protection, design, and siting activities for existing and new reactors.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Federal Water Management Planning Manual

This Federal Water Management Resource Guide provides direction to Federal agencies on how optimize water use at Federal facilities, use water balance analysis methods, identify design elements and procurement best practices, and expand use of alternative water. It provides best practices for managing water to be considered when developing or improving an effective facility water management program. PNNL developed this guide for the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). FEMP was directed by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to develop a Federal Water Management Resource Guide per the Implementing Instructions for Executive Order (E.O.) 13834, Efficient Federal Operations. This document serves to satisfy this requirement in order to provide best water management practices within the Federal Government.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Federal Water Management Planning Manual

This Federal Water Management Resource Guide provides direction to Federal agencies on how optimize water use at Federal facilities, use water balance analysis methods, identify design elements and procurement best practices, and expand use of alternative water. It provides best practices for managing water to be considered when developing or improving an effective facility water management program. PNNL developed this guide for the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). FEMP was directed by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to develop a Federal Water Management Resource Guide per the Implementing Instructions for Executive Order (E.O.) 13834, Efficient Federal Operations. This document serves to satisfy this requirement in order to provide best water management practices within the Federal Government.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

FY2022 Status Report: Cold Spray for Canister SCC Mitigation and Repair

This progress report describes work performed during FY22 at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to assess the corrosion performance of cold spray coatings to enable optimization of cold spray for the purposes of mitigation and/or repair of potentially susceptible regions, corrosion, or stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in austenitic stainless steel for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage. Of particular concern is SCC, by which a through-wall crack could potentially form in a canister outer wall over time intervals that may be shorter than possible dry storage times. In FY21, initial corrosion explorations of cold spray coating were evaluated and in FY22, an expanded set of cold spray coatings with in-depth analysis of post-exposure accelerated testing was explored. Additionally, relevant atmospheric exposure testing was carried out and initial results are presented herein. The corrosion attack from the accelerated testing and more realistic atmospheric exposures environments were compared to identify potentially deleterious factors for corrosion as well as help to understand the applicability of accelerated testing for cold spray optimization. This initial analysis will help to enable optimization of the corrosion resistance cold spray, one of the more promising coating and repair techniques, for potential application in an SNF environment. Learnings from both are summarized, and implications and future work are presented in this report.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Federal Water Management Planning Manual

FEMP developed this Federal Water Management Planning Manual to provide a resource for designing a comprehensive water management program. The manual describes strategies to optimize water use at federal facilities, use water balance analysis methods, identify design elements and procurement best practices, and expand use of alternative water.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

The Milky Way Project and ATLASGAL: the distribution and physical properties of cold clumps near infrared bubbles

We present a statistical study of the distribution and physical properties of cold, dense material in and around the inner Galactic Plane near-infrared bubbles as cataloged by the Milky Way Project citizen scientists. Using data from the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy 870 μm survey, we show that 48 ± 2% of all cold clumps in the studied survey region (|l|⩽65{sup ∘}, |b|⩽1{sup ∘}) are found in close proximity to a bubble, and 25 ± 2% appear directly projected toward a bubble rim. A two-point correlation analysis confirms the strong correlation of massive cold clumps with expanding bubbles. It shows an overdensity of clumps along bubble rims that grows with increasing bubble size, which shows how interstellar medium material is reordered on large scales by bubble expansion around regions of massive star formation. The highest column density clumps appear to be resistent to the expansion, remaining overdense toward the bubbles’ interior rather than being swept up by the expanding edge. Spectroscopic observations in ammonia show that cold dust clumps near bubbles appear to be denser, hotter, and more turbulent than those in the field, offering circumstantial evidence that bubble-associated clumps are more likely to be forming stars. These observed differences in physical conditions persist beyond the region of the bubble rims.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1974

Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report 5: System design and specifications. Volume 1: Baseline system description

A system baseline design oriented to the requirements of the next generation of Earth Observatory Satellite missions is presented. The first mission (EOS-A) is envisioned as a two-fold mission which (1) provides a continuum of data of the type being supplied by ERTS for the emerging operational applications and also (2) expands the research and development activities for future instrumentation and analysis techniques. The baseline system specifically satisfies the requirements of this first mission. However, EOS-A is expected to be the first of a series of earth observation missions. Thus the baseline design has been developed so as to accommodate these latter missions effectively as the transition is made from conventional, expendable launch vehicles and spacecraft to the Shuttle Space Transportation System era. Further, a subset of alternative missions requirements including Seasat, SEOS, SMM and MSS-5 have been analyzed to verify that the spacecraft design to serve a multi-mission role is economically sound. A key feature of the baseline system design is the concept of a modular observatory system whose elements are compatible with varying levels of launch vehicle capability. The design configuration can be used with either the Delta or Titan launch vehicles and will adapt readily to the space shuttle when that system becomes available in the early 1980's.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

Theory of crossed-beam diffraction gratings

The operation of crossed-beam gratings is analyzed in terms of diffraction efficiency and beam quality, following Solymar's method's. General solutions for arbitrary beam widths, general beam profiles, and illumination with two beams are derived. A scheme for improving the beam quality of these gratings is proposed. The analysis should be useful in integrated optics for designing beam expanders, beam contractors, and mirrors, and for analyzing waveguide interferometers.

Kenan, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Medical ultrasound - From inner space to outer space

During the last decade, medical ultrasound has rapidly become a widely accepted imaging modality used in many medical specialties. It has the advantages that it is noninvasive, does not use ionizing radiation, is relatively inexpensive and is easy to use. Future trends in ultrasound include expanded areas of use, advanced signal processing and digital image analysis including tissue characterization and three-dimensional reconstructions.

Rooney, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

University participation via UNIDATA, part 1

The UNIDATA Project is a cooperative university project, operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, aimed at providing interactive communication and computations to the university community in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences. The initial focus has been on providing access to data for weather analysis and prediction. However, UNIDATA is in the process of expanding and possibly providing access to the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS) through the UNIDATA system in an effort to develop prototypes for an Earth science information system. The notion of an Earth science information system evolved from discussions within NASA and several advisory committees in anticipation of receiving data from the many Earth observing instruments on the space station complex (Earth Observing System).

Dutton, J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Velocity filtering applied to optical flow calculations

Optical flow is a method by which a stream of two-dimensional images obtained from a forward-looking passive sensor is used to map the three-dimensional volume in front of a moving vehicle. Passive ranging via optical flow is applied here to the helicopter obstacle-avoidance problem. Velocity filtering is used as a field-based method to determine range to all pixels in the initial image. The theoretical understanding and performance analysis of velocity filtering as applied to optical flow is expanded and experimental results are presented.

Barniv, Yair↗
NASA NTRS1994

Human Factors Engineering: Current and Emerging Dual-Use Applications

Human Factors Engineering is a multidisciplinary endeavor in which information pertaining to human characteristics is used in the development of systems and machines. Six representatives considered to be experts from the public and private sectors were surveyed in an effort to identify the potential dual-use of human factors technology. Each individual was asked to provide a rating as to the dual-use of 85 identified NASA technologies. Results of the survey were as follows: nearly 75 percent of the technologies were identified at least once as high dual-use by one of the six survey respondents, and nearly 25 percent of the identified NASA technologies were identified as high dual-use technologies by a majority of the respondents. The perceived level of dual-use appeared to be independent of the technology category. Successful identification of dual-use technology requires expanded input from industry. As an adjunct, cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to identify the feasibility of the dual-use technology. Concurrent with this effort should be an examination of precedents established by other technologies in other industrial settings. Advances in human factors and systems engineering are critical to reduce risk in any workplace and to enhance industrial competitiveness.

Chandlee, G. O.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Development of Software to Model AXAF-I Image Quality

This report describes work conducted on Delivery Order 181 between October 1996 through June 1997. During this period software was written to: compute axial PSD's from RDOS AXAF-I mirror surface maps; plot axial surface errors and compute PSD's from HDOS "Big 8" axial scans; plot PSD's from FITS format PSD files; plot band-limited RMS vs axial and azimuthal position for multiple PSD files; combine and organize PSD's from multiple mirror surface measurements formatted as input to GRAZTRACE; modify GRAZTRACE to read FITS formatted PSD files; evaluate AXAF-I test results; improve and expand the capabilities of the GT x-ray mirror analysis package. During this period work began on a more user-friendly manual for the GT program, and improvements were made to the on-line help manual.

Geary, Joseph↗
NASA NTRS2003

Envisioning a 21st Century, National, Spacecraft Servicing and Protection Infrastructure and Demand Potential: A Logical Development of the Earth Orbit Economy

The modern world is extremely dependent on thin strings of several hundred civil, military, and commercial spacecraft/satellites currently stationed in space. They provide a steady stream of commerce, defense, and knowledge data. This dependency will in all likelihood increase significantly during this century. A major disruption of any kind in these essential systems and networks could be socially, economically, and politically catastrophic, on a global scale. The development of a space-based, robotic services economy could be useful in mitigating this growing risk, from an efficiency and security standpoint. This paper attempts to suggest what makes sense to invest in next for the logical, economic development of Earth orbit i.e., after ISS completion. It expands on the results of an advanced market research and analysis study that sampled the opinions of several satellite industry executives and presents these results within a broad policy context. The concept of a spacecraft carrier that serves as the nucleus of a national, space-based or on-orbit, robotic services infrastructure is introduced as the next logical step for United States leadership in space. This is viewed as a reasonable and appropriate followon to the development of ELVs and satellites in the 1950s and 1960s, the Space Shuttle/PRLV in the 1970s and 1980s, and the International Space Station (ISS) in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Large-scale experience in LEO-to-GEO spacecraft/satellite servicing and protection by robotic means is assumed to be an indispensable prerequisite or stepping-stone toward the development and preservation of the large scientific exploration facilities that are envisioned by NASA for operation beyond GEO. A balanced, return on national investment (RONI) strategy for space, focused on the provision of enhanced national/homeland security for increased protection, national economic/industrial expansion for increased revenue, and national scientific exploration for increased knowledge is recommended as the next strong, irrepressible goal toward realizing and achieving the official NASA vision and mission.

Horsham, Gary A.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Studies of acoustic-electric feed-throughs for power transmission through structures

There are numerous engineering design problems where the use of wires to transfer power and communicate data thru the walls of a structure is prohibitive or significantly difficult that it may require a complex design. Using physical feedthroughs in such systems may make them susceptible to leakage of chemicals or gasses, loss of pressure or vacuum, as well as difficulties in providing adequate thermal or electrical insulation. Moreover, feeding wires thru a wall of a structure reduces the strength of the structure and makes the structure prone to cracking due to fatigue that can result from cyclic loading and stress concentrations. One area that has already been identified to require a wireless alternative to electrical feedthroughs is the container of the Mars Sample Return Mission, which will need wireless sensors to sense a pressure leak and to avoid potential contamination. The idea of using elastic or acoustic waves to transfer power was suggested recently by [Y. Hu, et al., July 2003]. This system allows for the avoidance of cabling or wiring. The technology is applicable to the transfer of power for actuation, sensing and other tasks inside any sealed container or vacuum/pressure vessel. An alternative approach to the modeling presented previously [Sherrit et a., 2005] used network analysis to solve the same problem in a clear and expandable manner. Experimental tests on three different designs of these devices were performed. The three designs used different methods of coupling the piezoelectric element to the wall. In the first test the piezoelectric material was bolted using a backing structure. In the second test the piezoelectric was clamped after the application of grease and finally the piezoelectric element was attached using a conductive epoxy. The mechanical clamp with grease produced the highest measured efficiency of 53% however this design was the least practical from a fabrication viewpoint. The power transfer efficiency of conductive epoxy joint was 40% and the stress bolts (12%).

ultrasonics↗
NASA NTRS2006

Characterizing the LANDSAT Global Long-Term Data Record

The effects of global climate change are fast becoming politically, sociologically, and personally important: increasing storm frequency and intensity, lengthening cycles of drought and flood, expanding desertification and soil salinization. A vital asset in the analysis of climate change on a global basis is the 34-year record of Landsat imagery. In recognition of its increasing importance, a detailed analysis of the Landsat observation coverage within the US archive was commissioned. Results to date indicate some unexpected gaps in the US-held archive. Fortunately, throughout the Landsat program, data have been downlinked routinely to International Cooperator (IC) ground stations for archival, processing, and distribution. These IC data could be combined with the current US holdings to build a nearly global, annual observation record over this 34-year period. Today, we have inadequate information as to which scenes are available from which IC archives. Our best estimate is that there are over four million digital scenes in the IC archives, compared with the nearly two million scenes held in the US archive. This vast pool of Landsat observations needs to be accurately documented, via metadata, to determine the existence of complementary scenes and to characterize the potential scope of the global Landsat observation record. Of course, knowing the extent and completeness of the data record is but the first step. It will be necessary to assure that the data record is easy to use, internally consistent in terms of calibration and data format, and fully accessible in order to fully realize its potential.

Arvidson, T.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Performance Calculations for a Boundary-Layer-Ingesting Fan Stage from Sparse Measurements

A test of the Boundary Layer Ingesting-Inlet / Distortion-Tolerant Fan was completed in NASA Glenn's 8-Foot by 6-Foot supersonic wind tunnel. Inlet and fan performance were measured by surveys using a set of rotating rake arrays upstream and downstream of the fan stage. Surveys were conducted along the 100 percent speed line and a constant exit corrected flow line passing through the aerodynamic design point. These surveys represented only a small fraction of the data collected during the test. For other operating points, data was recorded as snapshots without rotating the rakes which resulted in a sparser set of recorded data. This paper will discuss analysis of these additional, lower measurement density data points to expand our coverage of the fan map. Several techniques will be used to supplement the snapshot data at test conditions where survey data also exists. The supplemented snapshot data will be compared with survey results to assess the quality of the approach. Effective methods will be used to analyze the data set for which only snapshots exist.

fan efficiency↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-18391-DND

Vehicle weight is a primary driver for most NASA missions. Reducing vehicle weight can: - Expand mission capability - Reduce launch costs - Reduce fuel consumption - Systems analysis shows that reducing materials mass by 20% leads to a 30% reduction in launch vehicle gross weight - Same study indicates a 50% reduction in materials mass reduces launch vehicle gross weight by >60%, enables potential single stage to orbit designs - Additional multifunctionality: thermal, radiation protection, sensing capabilities, no corrosion Potential Impact: Produce advanced lightweight structural BNNT composites with higher thermal stability, no corrosion, high toughness, sensing/actuation, and radiation shielding effectiveness.

Cheol Park↗