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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Low Temperature CO2 Capture from an NGCC Flue Gas Using a Magnetically Stabilized, Inductively Heated Fluidized Bed Reactor

The lab sorbent testing finalized the sorbent composition and operating conditions for the integrated unit. The bench unit design included COMSOL simulation to finalize the coil design and select initial operating conditions of the power supply system. Fluidized bed testing with the induction heating verified that a heating efficiency of up to 90% can be achieved. The integrated bench unit operations provided valuable data confirming the feasibility of using induction heating for the desorption of CO2. Major challenge observed was the limited working capacity of the sorbent, requiring additional development in future projects. In addition, a large-scale reactor demonstration is required to mitigate the risk of uniform temperature distribution and heating efficiency over a large cross-sectional area when using induction heating.

Tong, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2024

Understanding Selectivity Control in the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Liquid Products in Gas-Fed Electrolyzers

The room-temperature electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to liquid products is a soaring carbon utilization technology with an energy and environmental impact, offering a pathway to convert renewable energy into valuable C1 (e.g., formic acid) and C2+ products (e.g., ethanol and n-propanol)1. Gas-fed flow electrolyzers, in which a gas diffusion layer is used to transport gaseous CO2 into the electrode, have emerged as promising electrocatalytic reactors for large-scale applications, reaching competitive production costs for carbon monoxide (CO) and formic acid (HCOOH). Despite their increased use in recent years, several factors governing their performance have yet to be understood.

Berch, John El↗
DOE OSTI2024

Techno-Economic Optimization of a Solvent Absorption Process for CO2 Capture with 3D-Printed Intensified Packing

Presentation given at the 2024 annual AICHE meeting held October 27-31, 2024. The presentation focuses on modeling performance and economics of a solvent absorption system for CO2 capture with towers utilizing intensified packing. The packing is an alternative to traditional structured packing by incorporating cooling channel for simultaneous mass and heat transfer.

Summits, Stephen↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling, Optimization, and Design of Experiments of a Rotary Packed Bed Contactor for NGCC–Based CO2 Capture Using Solid Sorbents

This presentation will be given at the 2024 AICHE annual meeting on October 30th. This presentation focuses on modeling a rotary packed bed contactor for CO2 capture. The RPB is an alternative contactor to fixed beds and optimization is performed to minimize the energy requirement. A design of experiments case study of the RPB is also performed.

Hughes, Ryan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sensitivity Analysis Tool for Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to CO

Data presented in poster is sourced from the Electrochemical Catalyst Sensitivity Analysis Tool. This tool comprises a material balance model with cost estimation to estimate the levelized cost of product for CO production via CO2 electrolysis. A set of sensitivity analyses on key system and financial parameters is included with results so that users can test the impacts of these parameters on LCOP.

Henry, Samuel↗
DOE OSTI2024

Dual Phase Membrane for CO2 Separation (Phase 1) (CRADA Final Report)

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. (Participant/SG), to develop porous solid support materials for dual-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) separation membranes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Business Case Evaluation of Gas Switching Reforming (GSR) Technology: A Promising Technology for Natural Gas Reforming with Integrated CO2 Capture

Hydrogen is essential in the transition to sustainable energy, and developing low-carbon production methods is a key research focus. Traditional steam methane reforming (SMR) dominates the hydrogen industry but contributes substantially to CO2 emissions. In response, Gas Switching Reforming (GSR) has emerged as a novel process that integrates carbon capture and utilizes process heat more efficiently. Unlike other reforming methods, GSR consolidates oxidation and reduction reactions within a single reactor, which minimizes external energy inputs and simplifies scaling. Like conventional steam methane reforming (SMR), GSR can be integrated with water-gas shift and pressure swing adsorption units for pure hydrogen production. This work presents a comprehensive business case analysis of GSR technology based on experimental results in Technology Readiness Level 3, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic (TEA) evaluation incorporating ASPEN Plus process modeling considering different configurations and energy scenarios. The TEA incorporates data from kinetic experiments from various catalysts to evaluate the GSR process under various conditions. The goal of this work is to evaluate GSR’s potential to serve as a low-carbon alternative to SMR, focusing on global warming potential and additional impact categories to evaluate a wide spectrum of environmental impacts. Comparative assessments were conducted with SMR, chemical loop reforming (CLR), and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis to explore trade-offs across environmental metrics. The environmental impact assessment of this work encompasses the entire hydrogen production lifecycle from raw material extraction to plant decommissioning, using a cradle-to-gate boundary. Preliminary findings highlight that GSR, when integrated with low-carbon energy sources, could significantly reduce environmental impacts, making it a promising candidate for low-carbon hydrogen infrastructure. The insights from this business case evaluation aim to guide industry in scale-up and commercialization of this promising clean energy technology.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Core Model Proposal #368: Adding fugitive CO2 emissions from fossil resources

This Core Model Proposal adds fugitive CO2 emissions from coal, crude oil, and natural gas resources to the data system. It also includes an improved method to replace outlier emissions factors for fossil resources. Lastly, it makes some minor changes to the data system and Model Interface headers to fix some inconsistencies in how resource technologies are named in the XMLs.

core model proposal↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data From: Influence of Hydrological Perturbations and Riverbed Sediment Characteristics on Hyporheic Zone Respiration of CO2 and N-2, Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences

This data package contains pumping data (.txt), parameter matrices, and R code (.R, .RData) to perform bootstrapping for parameter selection for the bioclogging model development. The pumping data were collected from the Russian River Riverbank Filtration site located in Sonoma County, California from 2010-2017 from three riverbank collection wells located alongside the study site. The pumping data is directly correlated with water table oscillations, so the code performs these correlations and simulates stochastic versions of water table oscillations. See Metadata Description.pdf for full details on dataset production. This dataset must be used with the R programming language. This dataset and R code is associated with the publication "Influence of Hydrological Perturbations and Riverbed Sediment Characteristics on Hyporheic Zone Respiration of CO2 and N-2"This research was supported by the Jane Lewis Fellowship from the University of California, Berkeley, the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA), the Roy G. Post Foundation Scholarship, the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under award DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chapter 7.3: CO2 Emissions from Stationary Sources

Chapter 7.3 — Badgett, A., G. Cooney, J. Hoffmann, and A. Milbrandt. 2024. “Chapter 7.3: CO2 Emissions from Stationary Sources.” In 2023 Billion‐Ton Report. M. H. Langholtz (Lead). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. doi: 10.23720/BT2023/2316177.

Badgett, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2023

SPRUCE Climate Warming and Elevated CO2 Rapidly Alter Peatland Soil Carbon Sources and Stability: Supporting Data

This data set reports a suite of complementary biogeochemical analyses of peat samples from the SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments) experiment. Results were collected using quantitative molecular analysis of bulk soil carbon to assess the stability of soil organic carbon following whole-ecosystem warming and exposure to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2). Targeted soil organic carbon components include solvent-extractable compounds (alkanoic acids, alkanols, alkanes, steroids, and terpenoids), ester-bound hydrolysable biopolymers (cutin and suberin markers), lignin phenols, and pyrogenic carbon. Bulk peat samples were analysed by Soxhlet extraction and solid phase separation for solvent-extractable compounds, alkaline hydrolysis to extract hydrolysable biopolymers, copper (II) oxide oxidation to extract lignin phenols and benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) as an approximation of pyrogenic carbon. Samples were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and compound identification was performed on GC coupled to mass selective detector (MS) for solvent-extractable compounds, ester-bound hydrolysable biopolymers and lignin phenols, and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for pyrogenic carbon. Results are presented in Ofiti et al. (accepted). The experimental work was conducted on samples collected in August 2018 at the SPRUCE climate manipulation experiment in northern Minnesota, 40 km north of Grand Rapids, in the USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). Samples were collected and later analysed in a 10 cm increments over 0 to 50 cm depth and 25 cm intervals from 50 to 75 cm. Samples were analyzed for lignin phenols over 0 to 30 cm depth. This data set contains one file in comma separate (*.csv) format. This dataset contains data used to produce: Ofiti, N.O.E., Schmidt, M.W.I., Abiven, S., Hanson, P.J., Iversen, C.M., Wilson, R.M., Kostka, J.E., Wiesenberg, G.L.B., Malhotra, A. 2023. Climate warming and elevated CO2 rapidly alter peatland soil carbon sources and stability. Nat Commun 14, 7533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43410-z.

SPRUCE experiment, Marcell Experimental Forest, so↗
DOE OSTI2020

Carbide-Modified Pd on ZrO2 as Active Phase for CO2-Reforming of Methane—A Model Phase Boundary Approach

Starting from subsurface Zr0-doped “inverse” Pd and bulk-intermetallic Pd0Zr0 model catalyst precursors, we investigated the dry reforming reaction of methane (DRM) using synchrotron-based near ambient pressure in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), in-situ X-ray diffraction and catalytic testing in an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible recirculating batch reactor cell. Both intermetallic precursors develop a Pd0–ZrO2 phase boundary under realistic DRM conditions, whereby the oxidative segregation of ZrO2 from bulk intermetallic PdxZry leads to a highly active composite layer of carbide-modified Pd0 metal nanoparticles in contact with tetragonal ZrO2. This active state exhibits reaction rates exceeding those of a conventional supported Pd–ZrO2 reference catalyst and its high activity is unambiguously linked to the fast conversion of the highly reactive carbidic/dissolved C-species inside Pd0 toward CO at the Pd/ZrO2 phase boundary, which serves the role of providing efficient CO2 activation sites. In contrast, the near-surface intermetallic precursor decomposes toward ZrO2 islands at the surface of a quasi-infinite Pd0 metal bulk. Strongly delayed Pd carbide accumulation and thus carbon resegregation under reaction conditions leads to a much less active interfacial ZrO2–Pd0 state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effects of Pore Connectivity on the Sorption of Fluids in Nanoporous Material: Ethane and CO2 Sorption in Silicalite

Adsorption of fluids in nanoporous materials is important for several applications including gas storage and catalysis. The pore network in natural, as well as engineered, materials can exhibit different degrees of connectivity between pores. While this might have important implications for the sorption of fluids, the effects of pore connectivity are seldom addressed in the studies of fluid sorption. We have carried out Monte Carlo simulations of the sorption of ethane and CO2 in silicalite, a nanoporous material characterized by sub-nanometer pores of different geometries (straight and zigzag channel like pores), with varied degrees of pore connectivity. The variation in pore connectivity is achieved by selectively blocking some pores by loading them with methane molecules that are treated as a part of the rigid nanoporous matrix in the simulations. Normalized to the pore space available for adsorption, the magnitude of sorption increases with a decrease in pore connectivity. The increased adsorption in the systems where pore connections are removed by blocking them is because of additional, albeit weaker, adsorption sites provided by the blocker molecules. By selectively blocking all straight or zigzag channels, we find differences in the absorption behavior of guest molecules in these channels.

Gautam, Siddharth (ORCID:0000000314435382)↗