Water electrolysis - Prospect for the future.
Water electrolysis, discussing oxygen generators for spacecraft prototype cells and testing
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Water electrolysis, discussing oxygen generators for spacecraft prototype cells and testing
Mars biological exploration, discussing life detection, chemical and biological experimental strategy
Theoretical and applied seismology, earthquake engineering, earth structure, industrial uses, facilities, and underground nuclear explosion detection
Technology review and performance estimates for fixed design multipurpose solar electric propulsion stage
Magnetohydrodynamic generator development and applications in radiating power plants, propellant-cooled propulsion systems, and industry
OAO continuous observation capability, Project STAR telescopes, solar and X ray instruments and resupply missions based on space shuttle concept
MHD continua z-theta pinch stabilization, discussing analytical models for determining feedback spatial and temporal resolution
Feasibility assessment of hypersonic transports with actively cooled airframe structure, considering liquid hydrogen fuel use as coolant
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The problem of in-flight aerodynamic noise has been studied by reliable estimates of full scale surface-pressure fluctuations from scale model tests in wind tunnels. Scaling relationships have been verified, and many details of the fluctuating pressure characteristics such as spatial correlation and convection velocities are understood. The effects of the wind tunnel environmental turbulence and noise have also been investigated sufficiently so that threshold levels of usable data are known.
Airplanes with low wing-loadings provide STOL capability without reliance on auxiliary propulsion or augmented lift, but require a ride smoothing control system to provide acceptable passenger comfort. A parametric study produced a configuration having a .35 thrust-to-weight ratio and a 50 psf wing loading, and which satisfied specified mission requirements and airworthiness standards. A ride-smoothing control system (RCS) synthesis was then performed which consisted of ride quality criteria definition, RCS concept trades, and analysis of RCS performance benefits at significant flight conditions. Within the limitations of the study it is concluded that this is a viable approach to STOL airplane design.
Discussion of the significance for man's future of the practical benefits to be yielded by developments successfully concluded or still in progress over the wide range of technologies involved in current and future space activities. Reviewed benefit potentials pertain to space-age communications, transportation, computer developments, information networks, education, home communications centers, holography, life-support systems, power systems, manufacturing in space, meteorology, and earth resources. A strong case is made for the indissoluble involvement of this nation's self-interest in the achievement of national space goals.
An investigation of the effects of physical parameters on the spectra of minerals has been carried out, and an attempt made to develop a comprehensive theory of the reflectance (or emittance) spectra of particulate surfaces. The theory involves the effects of particle size, surface roughness, porosity, and mixing ratios on the spectra of mineralogical assemblages. The true spectral information is represented by the refractive indices and absorption coefficients of the constituent minerals. The present theory and the Mie theory for a cloud of well separated quartz particles are compared, as well as theoretical and experimental reflectances of quartz powders, glass beads, and corundum powders. Experimental results of abrading sapphire are presented.
The projected benefits of flyby missions to the outer planets are discussed. Possible changes in existing theories of planetary composition as a result of such missions are also discussed.
The use of remote sensing to acquire needed data concerning soils, water conditions, microclimatic conditions, flora, land use, recreational potential, and cultural conditions was studied for solving data needs. The procedures and means whereby such data can be acquired and processed into an information format are demonstrated.
The author has identified the following significant results. Five areas in North America (North Slope-Alaska, Superior Province-Canada, Williston Basin-Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico-West Texas) are being studied for discernibility of geological evidence on ERTS-1 imagery. Evidence mapped is compared with known mineral/hydrocarbon accumulations to determine the value of the imagery in commercial exploration programs. Evaluation has proceeded in the New Mexico-Texas area, and to date, results have been better than expected. Clearly discernible structural lineaments in this area are evident on the photographs. Comparison of this evidence with known major mining localities in New Mexico indicates a clear pattern of coincidence between the lineaments and mining localities. In West Texas, lineament and geomorphological evidence obtainable from the photographs define the petroleum-productive Central Basin Platform. Based on evaluation of results in the New Mexico-West Texas area and on cursory results in the other four areas of North America, it is concluded that ERTS-1 imagery will be extremely valuable in defining the regional and local structure in any commercial exploration program.
Overall fluctuating pressure levels of seven space shuttle launch configurations are presented. The model was a 4-percent-scale space shuttle vehicle, tested in both a 11- by 11-foot transonic wind tunnel and a 9- by 7-foot supersonic wind tunnel. Mach numbers varied from 0.8 to 2.2, and the angle of attack range was from -8 deg to 8 deg at angles of sideslip of -5 deg, and 5 deg. The model configurations included both series-burn and parallel-burn configurations, two canopy configurations, two positions of the orbiter nose relative to the HO tank nose and two HO tank nose-cone angles (15 deg and 20 deg). The fluctuating pressure levels are presented in three forms.
The problems associated with, and the financial resources required for ocean transportation of petroleum in the 1970s are discussed in terms of the energy crisis. Spot rate fluctuations for tankers are examined along with the financial requirements for ocean transportation.