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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Analysis and simulation of a magnetic bearing suspension system for a laboratory model annular momentum control device

A linear analysis and the results of a nonlinear simulation of a magnetic bearing suspension system which uses permanent magnet flux biasing are presented. The magnetic bearing suspension is part of a 4068 N-m-s (3000 lb-ft-sec) laboratory model annular momentum control device (AMCD). The simulation includes rigid body rim dynamics, linear and nonlinear axial actuators, linear radial actuators, axial and radial rim warp, and power supply and power driver current limits.

Groom, N. J.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Large magnetoresistance in the antiferromagnetic semimetal NdSb

There has been considerable interest in topological semimetals that exhibit extreme magnetoresistance (XMR). These have included materials lacking inversion symmetry such as TaAs, as well Dirac semimetals such as Cd 3 As 2 . However, it was reported recently that LaSb and LaBi also exhibit XMR, even though the rocksalt structure of these materials has inversion symmetry, and the band-structure calculations do not show a Dirac dispersion in the bulk. In this paper, we present magnetoresistance and specific-heat measurements on NdSb, which is isostructural with LaSb. NdSb has an antiferromagnetic ground state and, in analogy with the lanthanum monopnictides, is expected to be a topologically nontrivial semimetal. We show that NdSb has an XMR of ~10 4 %, even within the antiferromagnetic state, illustrating that XMR can occur independently of the absence of time-reversal symmetry breaking in zero magnetic field. The persistence of XMR in a magnetic system offers the promise of new functionality when combining topological matter with electronic correlations. Finally, we also find that in an applied magnetic field below the Néel temperature there is a first-order transition, consistent with evidence from previous neutron scattering work.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Observation of a 3D Magnetic Null Point

We describe high-resolution observations of a GOES B-class flare characterized by a circular ribbon at the chromospheric level, corresponding to the network at the photospheric level. We interpret the flare as a consequence of a magnetic reconnection event that occurred at a three-dimensional (3D) coronal null point located above the supergranular cell. The potential field extrapolation of the photospheric magnetic field indicates that the circular chromospheric ribbon is cospatial with the fan footpoints, while the ribbons of the inner and outer spines look like compact kernels. We found new interesting observational aspects that need to be explained by models: (1) a loop corresponding to the outer spine became brighter a few minutes before the onset of the flare; (2) the circular ribbon was formed by several adjacent compact kernels characterized by a size of 1″–2″; (3) the kernels with a stronger intensity emission were located at the outer footpoint of the darker filaments, departing radially from the center of the supergranular cell; (4) these kernels started to brighten sequentially in clockwise direction; and (5) the site of the 3D null point and the shape of the outer spine were detected by RHESSI in the low-energy channel between 6.0 and 12.0 keV. Taking into account all these features and the length scales of the magnetic systems involved in the event, we argue that the low intensity of the flare may be ascribed to the low amount of magnetic flux and to its symmetric configuration.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Kinetic simulation study of magnetized collisionless shock formation on a terawatt laser system

Perpendicular, magnetized, collisionless shocks in hydrogen and neon plasmas are studied with 2-D particle-in-cell simulations for parameters accessible to experiments on OMEGA EP. The simulations are performed with realistic ion-electron mass ratios by which the relative importance of different micro-instabilities can be accurately captured. The dispersion relation of the modified two-stream instability (MTSI), the main dissipation mechanism for these shocks, is used to find suitable parameters for upcoming experiments. Simulations show that magnetized collisionless shocks can be readily formed within a few tenths of an ion gyro-period in both hydrogen and neon gases, with a background magnetic field of 50 T, achievable using the magneto-inertial fusion electrical discharge system (MIFEDS). Here, a portion of the ions are reflected to the upstream region and accelerated in both shock normal and tangential directions, indicating the formation of a supercritical shock. Shock front reformation is seen in longer time 1-D simulations. The results show that the formation time and width of these shocks are determined by MTSI.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1987

Potential benefits of magnetic suspension and balance systems

The potential of Magnetic Suspension and Balance Systems (MSBS) to improve conventional wind tunnel testing techniques is discussed. Topics include: elimination of model geometry distortion and support interference to improve the measurement accuracy of aerodynamic coefficients; removal of testing restrictions due to supports; improved dynamic stability data; and stores separation testing. Substantial increases in wind tunnel productivity are anticipated due to the coalescence of these improvements. Specific improvements in testing methods for missiles, helicopters, fighter aircraft, twin fuselage transports and bombers, state separation, water tunnels, and automobiles are also forecast. In a more speculative vein, new wind tunnel test techniques are envisioned as a result of applying MSBS, including free-flight computer trajectories in the test section, pilot-in-the-loop and designer-in-the-loop testing, shipboard missile launch simulation, and optimization of hybrid hypersonic configurations. Also addressed are potential applications of MSBS to such diverse technologies as medical research and practice, industrial robotics, space weaponry, and ore processing in space.

Lawing, Pierce L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Techniques for extreme attitude suspension of a wind tunnel model in a magnetic suspension and balance system

Although small scale magnetic suspension and balance systems (MSBSs) for wind tunnel use have been in existence for many years, they have not found general application in the production testing of flight vehicles. One reason for this is thought to lie in the relatively limited range of attitudes over which a wind tunnel model may be suspended. Modifications to a small MSBS to permit the suspension and control of axisymmetric models over angles of attack from less than zero to over ninety degrees are reported. Previous work has shown that existing arrangement of ten electromagnets was unable to generate one of the force components needed for control at extreme attitudes. Examination of possible solutions resulted in a simple alteration to rectify this deficiency. To generate the feedback signals to control the suspended model, an optical position sensing system using collimated laser beams and photodiode arrays was installed and tested. An analytical basis was developed for distributing the demands for force and moment needed for model stabilization amonge the electromagnets over the full attitude range. This was implemented by an MSBS control program able to continually adjust the distribution for the instantaneous incidence in accordance with prescheduled data. Results presented demonstrate rotations of models from zero to ninety degrees at rates up to ninety degrees per second, with pitching rates rising to several hundred degrees per second in response to step-change demands. A study of a design for a large MSBS suggests that such a system could be given the capability to control a model in six degrees of freedom over an unlimited angle of attack range.

Parker, David Huw↗
DOE OSTI2015

Liquid nitrogen tests of a Torus coil for the Jefferson Lab 12GeV accelerator upgrade

A magnet system consisting of six superconducting trapezoidal racetrack-type coils is being built for the Jefferson Lab 12-GeV accelerator upgrade project. The magnet coils are wound with Superconducting Super Collider-36 NbTi strand Rutherford cable soldered into a copper channel. Each superconducting toroidal coil is force cooled by liquid helium, which circulates in a tube that is in good thermal contact with the inside of the coil. Thin copper sheets are soldered to the helium cooling tube and enclose the superconducting coil, providing cooling to the rest of the coil pack. As part of a rigorous risk mitigation exercise, each of the six coils is cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN2) to 80 K to validate predicted thermal stresses, verify the robustness and integrity of electrical insulation, and evaluate the efficacy of the employed conduction cooling method. This paper describes the test setup, the tests performed, and the findings.

Torus, SSC-NbTi, LN2 cold test, FEA, epoxy potting↗
NASA NTRS1980

Loudspeaker Performance Aid

Many manufacturers of loudspeakers are now using a magnetic liquid cooling agent known as ferrofluid. Commercialized by Ferrofluids Corporation, ferrofluid is a liquid material in which sub-microscopic particles of iron oxide are permanently suspended. Injected into the voice coil segment of speaker system, magnetic liquid serves as superior heat transfer medium for cooling the voice coil, thus substantially increasing the system's ability to handle higher power levels and decreasing chance of speaker failure. Ferrofluid offers several additional advantages which add up to improved speaker performance, lower manufacturing costs and fewer rejects.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2021

Oxygen magnetic polarization, nodes in spin density, and zigzag spin order in oxides

Recent studies on Ba 2 CoO 4 (BCO) and SrRuO 3 (SRO) have unveiled a variety of intriguing phenomena, such as magnetic polarization on oxygens, unexpected nodes in the spin density profile along bonds, and unusual zigzag spin patterns in triangular lattices. Here, using simple model calculations supplemented by density functional theory we explain the presence of nodes based on the antibonding character of the dominant singly occupied molecular orbitals along the transition metal (TM) to oxygen bonds. Our simple model also allows us to explain the net polarization on oxygen as originated from the hybridization between atoms and mobility of the electrons with spins opposite to those of the closest TM atoms. Overall, our results are not limited to BCO and SRO, but they are generic and qualitatively predict the net polarization expected on any ligands, according to the spin order of the closest TM atoms and the number of intermediate ligand atoms. Finally, we propose that a robust easy-axis anisotropy would suppress the competing 120° antiferromagnetic order to stabilize the zigzag pattern order as ground state in a triangular lattice. Our generic predictions should be applicable to any other compound with characteristics similar to those of BCO and SRO.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Characteristics of the Magnetic Resonance WPT System Applying a Frequency Converter

Recently, studies on the commercialization of magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are underway domestically and internationally. The magnetic resonance WPT technology enables power transmission between transmitter and receiver coils with the same resonance frequency. If the resonance frequencies of the transmitter coil and receiver coil are different, the efficiency of the WPT will rapidly decrease. Various organizations, such as A4WP, have been striving to standardize resonance frequencies, but the countries around the world are sticking to their own distinctive standards based on the frequency bands available in their territories. Therefore, each country uses a slightly different resonance frequency band. In this paper, a frequency converter that enables WPT when the transmitter and receiver coils have different resonance frequencies is proposed. The frequency converter consists of two coils, and its structure is very simple. The two coils transmit power using the magnetic induction method, and frequency variation is possible using variable capacitors. It was confirmed from the experiment that WPT is possible even if the resonance frequencies of the transmitter and receiver coils are different.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

A Study to Develop an Industrial-Scale, Computer-Controlled High Magnetic Field Processing (HMFP) System to Assist in Commercializing the Novel, Enabling HMFP Manufacturing Technology

As the original magnet designer and manufacturer of ORNL’s 9T, 5-inch ID bore magnet, American Magnetics Inc. (AMI) has collaborated with ORNL’s Materials Processing Group’s and this partnership has been instrumental in the development of our unique thermo-magnetic facilities and expertise. Consequently, AMI and ORNL have realized that the commercial implementation of the High Magnetic Field Processing (HMFP) technology will require the evolution of robust, automated superconducting (SC) magnet systems that will be cost-effective and easy to operate in an industrial environment. The goal of this project and CRADA is to significantly expedite the timeline for implementing this revolutionary and pervasive cross-cutting technology for future US produced industrial components. The successful completion of this project is anticipated to significantly assist in the timely commercialization and licensing of our HMFP intellectual property for a broad spectrum of industries; and to open up a new market for AMI. One notable outcome of this project is that the ThermoMagnetic Processing Technology WON a prestigious 2009 R&D 100 Awards. This award acknowledges and recognizes our TMP Technology as one of the top 100 innovative US technologies in 2009. By successfully establishing the design requirements for a commercial scale magnetic processing system, this project effort has accomplished a key first step in facilitating the building and demonstration of a superconducting magnetic processing coil, enabling the transition of the High Magnetic Field Processing Technology beyond a laboratory novelty into a commercially viable and industrially scalable Manufacturing Technology.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optimal dynamic control for a maglev vehicle moving on multi-span guideway girders

Abstract An optimal control algorithm using a virtual tuned mass damper called virtual TMD to control the levitation force of a magnetic system is developed for resonance suppression of a maglev vehicle moving on multi-span guideway girders. Since the optimal dynamic parameters of a TMD in vibration control are well developed, the optimal tuning gains required to control the magnetic oscillations of the maglev bogie can be directly used and fed back to the maglev control system. To address the dynamic interaction analysis from the maglev vehicle to the guideway girders and vice versa, the entire coupling system is decomposed into two subsystems, one is the moving vehicle subsystem and another the stationary guideway subsystem. Then, an incremental–iterative procedure associated with the Newmark method is presented to solve the two sets of subsystem equations. Finally, the control effectiveness and parametric studies of the optimal virtual TMD scheme on resonance reduction of the moving maglev vehicle are demonstrated.

Liu, Linya↗
DOE OSTI2013

Effect of magnetic field profile on the uniformity of a distributed electron cyclotron resonance plasma

This study extensively measured the uniformity of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma versus the magnetic field distribution. The influence of magnetic field distribution on the generation of uniform ECR plasma was examined. It is suggested that in addition to the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution at ECR zone and at the downstream zone near the substrate, the transition of the magnetic field between these two zones is also crucial. A uniform ECR plasma with the electron density uniformity of ±7.7% over 500 × 500 mm{sup 2} was measured at the downstream. The idea of generating uniform ECR plasma can be scaled up to a much larger area by using an n × n microwave input array and a well-designed magnetic system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fast and stable deep-learning predictions of material properties for solid solution alloys

We present a novel deep learning (DL) approach to produce highly accurate predictions of macroscopic physical properties of solid solution binary alloys and magnetic systems. The major idea is to make use of the correlations between different physical properties in alloy systems to improve the prediction accuracy of neural network (NN) models. We use multitasking NN models to simultaneously predict the total energy, charge density and magnetic moment. These physical properties mutually serve as constraints during the training of the multitasking NN, resulting in more reliable DL models because multiple physics properties are correctly learned by a single model. Two binary alloys, copper–gold (CuAu) and iron–platinum (FePt), were studied. Our results show that once the multitasking NN's are trained, they can estimate the material properties for a specific configuration hundreds of times faster than first-principles density functional theory calculations while retaining comparable accuracy. We used a simple measure based on the root-mean-squared errors to quantify the quality of the NN models, and found that the inclusion of charge density and magnetic moment as physical constraints leads to more stable models that exhibit improved accuracy and reduced uncertainty for the energy predictions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-Field Magnets for Future Hadron Colliders

Recent strategy updates by the international particle physics community have confirmed strong interest in a next-generation energy frontier collider after completion of the High-Luminosity LHC program and construction of a e + e - Higgs factory. Both hadron and muon colliders provide a path toward the highest energies, and both require significant and sustained development to achieve technical readiness and optimize the design. For hadron colliders, the energy reach is determined by machine circumference and the strength of the guiding magnetic field. To achieve a collision energy of 100 TeV while limiting the circumference to 100 km, a dipole field of 16 T is required and is within the reach of niobium–tin magnets operating at 1.9 K. Magnets based on high-temperature superconductors may enable a range of alternatives, including a more compact footprint, a reduction of the cooling power, or a further increase of the collision energy to 150 TeV. The feasibility and cost of the magnet system will determine the possible options and optimal configurations. In this article, I review the historical milestones and recent progress in superconducting materials, design concepts, magnet fabrication, and test results and emphasize current developments that have the potential to address the most significant challenges and shape future directions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Mu2e production solenoid cryostat conceptual design

Mu2e is a muon-to-electron conversion experiment being designed by an international collaboration of more than 65 scientists and engineers from more than 20 research institutions for installation at Fermilab. The experiment is comprised of three large superconducting solenoid magnet systems, production solenoid (PS), transport solenoid (TS) and detector solenoid (DS). A 25 kW, 8 GeV proton beam strikes a target located in the PS creating muons from the decay of secondary particles. These muons are then focused in the PS and the resultant muon beam is transported through the TS towards the DS. The production solenoid presents a unique set of design challenges as the result of high radiation doses, stringent magnetic field requirements, and large structural forces. This paper describes the conceptual design of the PS cryostat and will include discussions of the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation, cooling system, cryogenic piping, and suspension system.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

LCLS-II Cryomodule and Cryogenic Distribution Control

LCLS-II is a superconducting upgrade to the existing Linear Coherent Light Source at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Construction is underway with a planned continuous wave beam rate of up to 1 MHz. Two cryogenic plants provide helium to a distribution system, and 37 cryomodules with superconducting cavities will operate with Liquid helium at 2.2K. The cryomodules and distribution system is controlled with networked PLC's and EPICS as an integrated system that work in concert for controlling valves, pressure, flow, and temperature. Interlocks and critical process information is communicated with the Low Level Radio Frequency, vacuum, and magnet systems. Engaging the controls community proved vital in advancing the controls architecture from a conventional design to a centralized, reliable, and cost-effective distributed platform.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗