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DOE OSTI2016

CCG-Flasks Instrument Handbook

Surface-based sampling Samples are collected from the one of the two 60m inlet in the PGS shed. A site technician triggers sampling, usually at 2pm local time, every Thursday. Eacl flask (2.5liters) is sampled for about 2 minutes and pressurized to 40 PSI. This system automatically purges the flasks, dries the air sample, and fills the flasks. Aircraft-based sampling Samples are collected from the community inlet for as many as twelve elevations. The pilot triggers sampling when location and latitude have been reached. Each flask (0.75 liters) is sampled for about 2 minutes and pressurized to 40 PSI. The sampler has two components: (1) a rack mounted programmable compressor package (PCP, see picture below) and (2) a programmable flask package (PFP). Prior each flight, the pilot connects a new PFP to the PCP. An automatic test is then performed to check for leaks. After each flight the PFP is sent back to the laboratory for analysis of trace gases.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2018

Offshore Wind Energy Resource Assessment for Alaska

This report quantifies Alaska's offshore wind resource capacity while focusing on its unique nature. It is a supplement to the existing U.S. Offshore Wind Resource Assessment, which evaluated the offshore wind resource for all other U.S. states. Together, these reports provide the foundation for the nation's offshore wind value proposition. Both studies were developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The analysis presented herein represents the first quantitative evidence of the offshore wind energy potential of Alaska. The technical offshore wind resource area in Alaska is larger than the technical offshore resource area of all other coastal U.S. states combined. Despite the abundant wind resource available, significant challenges inhibit large-scale offshore wind deployment in Alaska, such as the remoteness of the resource, its distance from load centers, and the wealth of land available for onshore wind development. Throughout this report, the energy landscape of Alaska is reviewed and a resource assessment analysis is performed in terms of gross and technical offshore capacity and energy potential.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

Saltstone First Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (1QCY18) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the first quarter of calendar year 2018 (1QCY18). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 1QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the Saltstone WAC.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2018

Saltstone First Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (1QCY18) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample1 and Z-Area premix material for the first quarter of calendar year 2018 (1QCY18). 2,3 Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR). 2 After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). 4 The 1QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 6 1-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the Saltstone WAC.

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DOE OSTI2018

SP-1 results for UOC Database Project, 2018

Project personnel at Los Alamos National Laboratory provided analysis support for an IAEA SP-1 task proposal aimed at analysis of materials sampled at various points during the Uranium ore refinement. This effort was proposed as a part of FY18 Uranium Ore Concentrate Sourcing Database project activities. Samples related to this effort are categorized as a set of solid samples and a set of liquid samples.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Saltstone Second Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (2QCY18) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the second quarter of calendar year 2018 (2QCY18). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 2QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.

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DOE OSTI2019

Saltstone Second Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (2qcy18) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (Tclp) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the second quarter of calendar year 2018 (2QCY18). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 2QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.

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DOE OSTI2019

Saltstone Third Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (3QCY18) Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the third quarter of calendar year 2018 (3QCY18). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) The 3QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.

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DOE OSTI2019

Considerations for Canister Design and Drop Testing

This paper discusses some considerations for the proposed design and analysis of canisters used to ship reactor debris from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Energy-limited events, such as cask drops and other dynamic impacts, are evaluated much differently than other structures using static analysis. Static analysis of structures makes sense for engineers because static analysis is intuitive and material typically behaves in a linear elastic manner. Dynamic analyses are typically not intuitive because of non-linear material behavior. This is why canister designs need to be evaluated by dynamic finite element analysis and/or laboratory drop tests.

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DOE OSTI2019

Pi+ Cross Section on Argon for the LArIAT Experiment

LArIAT (Liquid Argon in a Testbeam) was a LArTPC experiment exposed to a charged-particle beam at the test-beam facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. This analysis measures the $\pi^+$-Ar cross section over an interacting energy range of 50-1100 MeV, accounting for background species and reconstruction effects. This is the first such measurement of this process. The result can be useful in tuning simulations for future liquid argon experiments such as DUNE and SBN.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Saltstone Fourth Quarter Calendar Year 2018 (4QCY18) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the fourth quarter of calendar year 2018 (4QCY18). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 4QCY18 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.

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DOE OSTI2019

Saltstone First Quarter Calendar Year 2019 (1QCY19) Toxicity Characterstic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). A SDF waste form (saltstone) was prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the first quarter of calendar year 2019 (1QCY19). Results from this memorandum support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of the SDF waste form was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 1QCY19 saltstone sample met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.5-7

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DOE OSTI2020

Saltstone third quarter calendar year 2019 (3QCY19) toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). Per request of customer, X-TAR-Z-00008, Revision 01, two SDF waste form (saltstone) samples were prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the third quarter of calendar year 2019 (3QCY19). One sample contained a Full Premix which included 10:45:45 (by weight) of cement, slag and fly ash. The second sample contained 60:40 (by weight) of slag and fly ash only referred to as the “Cement-Free grout sample”. Results from this technical report support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After a 28 day cure, a sample of each of the SDF waste forms was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 3QCY19 saltstone (Full Premix) and the Cement-Free grout samples met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC.

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DOE OSTI2018

A Conservative Approach to Defining Photovoltaic System Hazards to Firefighters

Sandia National Laboratories performed analysis to develop conservative hazard guidelines regarding firefighters working near photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Assuming implementation of NFPA 70 system shutdown requirements, the analysis focused on DC hazards only. Several different PV variables were considered, including system grounding and DC voltage classes. The hazard scenarios considered the contact conditions, current paths through the body, and PPE. Guidelines for the hazard definitions for men and women were based on the IEC TS 60479-1 guidelines. The importance of PPE was illustrated in the results.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Anthropogenic Markers in Alta Irrigation District Water Supply Wells

In July 2016, LLNL produced a report for the Kings River Watershed Coalition Authority (KRWCA) entitled “Groundwater Age and Nitrate Isotopic Composition in Alta Irrigation District Water Supply Wells” (Esser et al., 2016). That report summarized groundwater age and nitrate isotopic composition data produced by LLNL for Alta Irrigation District (AID) groundwater wells sampled by KRWCA in a pilot project to test the utility of advanced isotopic methods for constraining the timing and source of nitrate in groundwater at selected sites in the Kings River service area. One section of that report made recommendations for follow-on study. The first and strongest recommendation was to measure a wider suite of source tracers including co-contaminants such as herbicides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and food constituents and additives. KRWCA followed up on this recommendation in Phase II of the pilot study by re-sampling the original set of wells and submitting the samples to a commercial laboratory for analysis of a limited range of co-contaminants (including pharmaceuticals, personal care products , and food constituents and additives, but not including herbicides or pesticides). They have asked that LLNL review and interpret these data in the context of previous LLNL analyses and to evaluate the utility of such co-contaminant analyses in providing additional constraints on the source of groundwater nitrate contamination in Alta Irrigation District water supply wells. The goal of the second phase of this pilot project is to evaluate the utility of co-contaminant occurrence for constraining nitrate source in groundwater at selected sites in the Kings River service area, with special reference to the use of such data in conjunction with advanced isotopic methods such as nitrate isotopic composition and groundwater age. Nitrate isotopic composition alone cannot distinguish nitrate derived from animal manure from nitrate derived from human septic waste. The presence or absence of agricultural chemicals (herbicides, pesticides, veterinary pharmaceuticals) or chemicals associated with people (human pharmaceuticals, artificial sweeteners) can help make this distinction. Co-contaminant analyses using multi-analyte LC-MS-MS protocols are now commercially available and reasonably priced. The feasibility and utility of the using co-contaminants for nitrate source attribution can be evaluated by 1) determining the degree to which co-contaminants occur in distinct and easily attributable groupings (e.g. agricultural chemicals vs personal care products and food additives); 2) determining the degree to which co-contaminant occurrence is consistent with nitrate isotopic composition and groundwater age (e.g. no co-contaminant occurrence in very old groundwater; co-contaminants consistent with animal manure or human septic waste occurring in groundwaters having nitrate isotopic composition also consistent with animal manure or human septic waste); and 3) determining the degree to which co-contaminants provide additional constraint on nitrate source over and beyond nitrate isotopic composition and groundwater age (e.g. distinguishing between animal manure and human septic waste).

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Saltstone First Quarter Calendar Year 2021 (1QCY21) Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). Per request of customer, X-TTR-Z00023, Revision 0, two SDF waste form (saltstone) samples were prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the first quarter of calendar year 2021(1QCY21). One sample contained a Full Premix which included 10:45:45 (by weight) of cement, slag and fly ash. The second sample contained 60:40 (by weight) of slag and fly ash only referred to as the “Cement-Free grout sample”. Results from this technical report support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After at least 28 days cured, a sample of each of the SDF waste forms was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 1QCY21 saltstone (Full Premix) and the Cement-Free grout samples met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC that was in effect at the time of the tank sampling.

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DOE OSTI2022

STEM imaging of irradiation induced defects in Eurofer97 steel variants irradiated in the EUROfusion collaboration

Ten exploratory variants of Eurofer97 reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steel were irradiated in HFIR to ~2.94 – 32.4 dpa, 300±30 °C as a part of the EUROfusion collaboration. The irradiations were performed in rabbit capsules. ES21-22 capsule were used for irradiating SS-J3 tensile samples while M4CVN bend bar samples were irradiated in ES31-35 capsules. The mechanical properties and multi-length scale characterization of the microstructures of these ten steels, designated as H, I, P, J, K, L, M, N, O, P and reference E, in the nonirradiated form was reported in "Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of unirradiated Eurofer-97 steel variants for the EUROfusion project, ORNL/SPR-2018/882," while their irradiated properties and some microstructure analysis was reported in "Post-irradiation examination of Eurofer97 steel variants irradiated to 2.5 dpa, ~300 °C in HFIR for the EUROfusion program, ORNL/SPR-2020/1440." Here, additional microstructures using TEM/STEM and STEM-EDX of the irradiated steels is presented. Characterization was performed at the Low Activation Materials Development and Analysis (LAMDA) laboratory.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Saltstone Third Quarter Calendar Year 2021 (3QCY21) Toxicity Characteristic Leading Procedure (TCLP) Results

The aqueous waste from Tank 50 (salt solution) is sampled quarterly for transfers to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Salt solution is treated at SPF and disposed of in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). Per request of customer, X-TTR-Z-00023, Revision 0, two SDF waste form (saltstone) samples were prepared in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) from the Tank 50 Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) sample and Z-Area premix material for the third quarter of calendar year 2021(3QCY21). One sample contained a Full Premix which included 10:45:45 (by weight) of cement, slag and fly ash. The second sample contained 60:40 (by weight) of slag and fly ash only referred to as the “Cement-Free grout sample”. Results from this technical report support Task 2: ‘Grout Leaching Analyses’ of the Task Technical Request (TTR) prepared by Savannah River Remediation (SRR). After at least 28 days cured, a sample of each of the SDF waste forms was collected and shipped to a certified laboratory for analysis using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The 3QCY21 saltstone (Full Premix) and the Cement-Free grout samples met the South Carolina (SC) Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (HWMR) 61-79.261.24 and 61-79-268.48 requirements for a non-hazardous waste form with respect to Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals and Underlying Hazardous Constituents (UHCs), and also met the SPF WAC that was in effect at the time of the tank sampling.

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