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Additive manufacturing has changed the way the world thinks about manufacture and design. Scientists and researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Lab are using a number of 3D printing processes to experiment with unique combinations of plastic, metal, and ceramics.
Jefferson Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory. Its primary mission is to conduct basic research that builds a comprehensive understanding of the atom's nucleus.
Explore the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s algae lab as researcher Nick Sweeney takes you on a 360-degree tour of the algal biofuels research facility. Discover how NREL is growing algae to learn how it can be used as a renewable source of food, fuels, and other products.
For five days in June 2017, Brookhaven Lab’s Computational Science Initiative hosted “Brookathon”—a programming workshop where teams of researchers, students, and software developers worked with mentors to accelerate scientific applications on GPUs for high-performance computing.
The Jefferson Lab facilities have undergone a substantial upgrade, both of accelerator, CEBAF, and of the experimental installations. We will discuss the progress to completion of these facilities, the status of accelerator commissioning, and the recent first operations for physics. We will then flesh out the anticipated exciting physics program of the next several years.
The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) created the Lab-Embedded Entrepreneurship Programs to provide an institutional home for innovative postdoctoral researchers, scientists, and engineers within DOE’s national laboratories. In addition to the unique technological facilities and expertise available at the national laboratories, the programs’ dual focus on early-stage R&D and entrepreneurial training provides innovators with the platform they need to move their ideas from the laboratory to the private sector.
In order to achieve the Bioenergy Technology Office Goals of acquiring a billion tons of feedstock material that meets the physical, chemical, and cost requirements for conversion to fuel by 2030, research into understanding the overall causes of compositional, physical and conversion variability for the wide number of available biomass feedstock resources is necessary. One strategy for accomplishing this is the innovative knowledge-based management system currently being developed and maintained at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) known as the Bioenergy Feedstock Library (www.bioenergylibrary.inl.gov). The library currently has harvest, storage and logistic, analytical characterization, and/or conversion data for over 35,000 samples spanning 90 different feedstock types, 38 states, and 3 countries. These samples and data have been provided not only by the INL but from over 100 collaborating universities, feedstock supplier, national labs, and industrial partners. Of the 35,000 samples, 2300 have been characterized by one or more analytical processes including the compositional, proximate, ultimate, elemental ash, physical and conversion analyses. This presentation will demonstrate the significant research into the national understanding of biomass feedstock variability made possible by the continually updated contributions to the library that have historically only been available in the few published review papers regarding feedstock variability. Also, the benefits of contributing to this database, the analytical tools available, and the future prospects that this tool can provide research supporting sustainable and renewable energy will be presented.
There is a growing interest in reducing the amount of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), both in public and private sector organizations, in an effort to reduce overall carbon emissions. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and located within close proximity to Knoxville, Tennessee, has more than 4,500 employees, most of which live in and around Knoxville. ORNL is currently developing a pilot commuting program for all employees, which incorporates the use of park-and-ride facilities. This study outlines the methodology behind the preliminary geoanalysis and routing used in developing a lab-wide commuting program. Due to privacy concerns, the data used for the study included numbers of employee residences per zip code rather than actual residential addresses. Commuting configurations by clustered zip code area and vehicle type were developed based on number of residences in a limited area, and the desire to minimize VMT. Central locations were selected using ArcGIS software. Satellite imagery was used to locate actual, suitable parking facilities to accommodate the specified number of residents involved in each commuting configuration. Optimized routing, and estimations of travel times, were performed using TransCAD GIS software. Energy estimates in kilowatt-hours (kwh) and gallons of gasoline, and gallons of gasoline equivalent, were all determined based on the scenarios. Standard petroleum-fueled vehicles were used in the initial estimates. Standard electric vehicles were also used in alternative scenarios to estimate potential additional energy and fuel savings. Furthermore the initial findings from this work will be used to develop a pilot program for ORNL.
Brookhaven National Laboratory delivers discovery science and transformative technology to power and secure America’s future. Operated by Brookhaven Science Associates for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Brookhaven Lab is a multidisciplinary laboratory with seven Nobel Prize-winning discoveries, 36 R&D 100 Awards, and more than 70 years of pioneering research.
For many decades, the study of electron scattering off a nucleus has been used as a tool to probe the properties of that nucleus and its electromagnetic response. In recent years, these studies have become vital starting point in the development of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics that constitutes largest share of systematic uncertainty in the accelerator-based neutrino-oscillation experiments. With the surge of Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based detectors in the short- (SBN) and long-baseline (DUNE) neutrino programs, the challenges of controlling systematics related to (anti)neutrino-argon scattering are magnified considering the isospin asymmetric nature of argon nucleus and the scarcity of electron-argon scattering studies. In light of these, an electron-argon experiment, E12-14-012, was designed at Jefferson Lab Hall A to study electron scattering on argon (N = 22) and titanium (Z = 22) nuclei using high precision continuous electron beam. The experiment collected data for ( e,e′p ) and ( e,e′ ) processes on 40 Ar, 48 Ti and 12 C targets covering a broad range of energy transfers where quasielastic scattering and delta production are the dominant reaction mechanisms. In this contribution, we present a brief overview and status of the experiment.
RF systems for testing critically coupled SRF cavities require the ability to track the cavity frequency excursions while making accurate measurements of the radio frequency (RF) signals associated with the cavity. Two types of systems are being used at Jefferson Lab. The first, the traditional approach, is to use a voltage controlled oscillator configured as a phase locked loop such that it will track the cavity frequency. The more recently developed approach is to use a digital low level RF (LLRF) system in self excited loop (SEL) mode to track the cavity frequency. Using a digital LLRF system in SEL mode has the advantage that it is much easier to lock to the cavity’s resonant frequencies and they tend to have a wider capture range. This paper will report on the system designs used to implement the 12 GeV digital LLRF system in the JLAB vertical test area. Additionally, it will report on the system modifications which are being implemented so that the RF infrastructure in the VTA will be ready to support the LCLS II cryomodule production effort, which is scheduled to begin in calendar year 2016.
The Chemical Transformations Initiative (CTI) has been launched at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory! The CTI is funded through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program as a lab-level initiative to develop foundational capabilities at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for chemical conversion processes having minimal or no environmental impact.
Paying attention could save your life. Here are a few tips to help you avoid injury when working at our lab.
Experiment E12-10-103 (MARATHON) was conducted in the Hall A Facility of JLab in the winter/spring of 2018 during the initial phase of the 12 GeV energy upgrade of the Lab. One goal of the experiment was the first measurement of the EMC effect of 3H. Four sealed gas targets were used during the experiment, 1H, 2H, 3H, and 3He. All measurements were in the deep inelastic scattering kinematical regime with large Q2 and W2, which are the four-momentum transfer squared and invariant mass squared of the final hadronic state in the inelastic scattering interaction, respectively. The range of Q2 and W2 were 3 < Q2 <12 (GeV/c)2 and 3.2 < W2 < 12.3 GeV/c2, respectively. The measurements spanned a wide range of the Bjorken variable x, between 0.19 and 0.83, where x = Q2/2M(E-E') is the momentum fraction carried by the struck quark in the interaction, with M being the nucleon mass. Knowledge of the EMC effect of light nuclei, such as 3H, will provide an opportunity to better understand the origin of the EMC effect.
Our understanding of the proton's structure in terms of its fundamental degrees of freedom, quarks and gluons, is incomplete. Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) can enhance our understanding of the partonic structure of the proton as it includes the correlation between the momentum and transverse position of partons. Exclusive electroproduction of the pion (ep→e'p'π 0 ) is one of the potential channels to access the GPDs. GPDs are defined at the Bjorken limit where the total amplitude can be factorized in a hard scattering of the photon off the quark and a soft part described by the GPDs. At sufficiently high Q 2 , a factorization scheme for exclusive meson production processes exists but only for longitudinally polarized virtual photons. As long as the longitudinally polarized virtual photons dominate the cross-section, we can have factorization and extract the GPDs. But the existing data for π 0 production at low Q 2 and low x B show the dominance of transverse part of the cross-section over the longitudinal one. Some transversity GPD models have found that an effective way to factorize the contribution from transversely polarized virtual photons to explain the dominance of σ T over σ L , shown by existing data. The experiment E12-06-114 ran in experimental Hall A during 2014-2016. The primary goal of this experiment was to measure the DVCS cross-section but the experimental configuration also allows the measurement of deep exclusive π 0 production. Taking advantage of the upgraded CEBAF at Jefferson Lab, we explored the high Bjorken-x (0.60) and high Q 2 regime for the first time. The extracted cross-section terms for π 0 production helps us to test the validity of QCD factorization in our kinematic regime. Our π 0 production results can be used to test and improve the existing models of proton structure. Cross-section results will be presented at two different Q 2 values for fixed x B of 0.60.
In the Jefferson Lab E12-16-007 (J/ψ- 007) experiment we measured the differential J/ψ photo-production cross section as a function of photon energy, Ey and Mandelstam variable t- the momentum transfer from the initial photon to the produced J/ψ- in the energy region where all the charm pentaquark states were discovered by the LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) collaboration. The J/ψ-007 experiment was conducted in the experimental Hall C of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility using a high-intensity real photon beam generated by a 10.6 GeV incident electron beam traversing a copper radiator upstream of a liquid hydrogen target. Two arm spectrometers of Hall C, HMS (High Momentum Spectrometer), and SHMS (Super High Momentum Spectrometer) were used to detect the e + e - dilepton J/ψ decay pairs in coincidence. The spectrometers' four momentum and angle settings scanned a photon beam energy range between 9.1 and 10.6 GeV and |t| up to 5 GeV 2 . An enhanced sensitivity to the s-channel resonant J/ψ photo-production was achieved by optimizing the spectrometer settings at a higher t region where the non-resonant standard t-channel J/ψ production cross section is strongly suppressed. No evidence for pentaquarks was observed and, the cross section upper limits for each LHCb pentaquark candidate were determined and are presented in this document.
Addressing climate change, sustainability, and social justice cannot be based solely on deployment of existing technologies. New innovations, derived from massive U.S. investments in basic and applied energy research at universities and the national labs, are critically needed to achieve net-zero carbon missions by 2050.
Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is an advanced method for removing the emerging organic contaminants in wastewater, such as 1,4-dioxane, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl sub?stances (PFAS), which have the potential to be regulated in the near future but are difficult to degrade by conventional treatment methods. This dissertation was based on a collabo?rating study between Jefferson Lab (Jlab) and Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) to evaluate the impacts of e-beam irradiation on the degradation of 1,4-dioxane and PFAS. It presents the detailed design of an e-beam irradiation beamline, the beamline simulation using general particle tracer (GPT), the installation, and the successful commissioning. The beamline is an extended section to the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Jlab, which is a continuous wave (CW), superconducting radio frequency (SRF) linear accelerator with an energy up to 10 MeV. To let the sample volume receive a significant and uniform dose distribution, the sample target was designed by investigating the dose distribution simulated with a Monte-Carlo code, FLUKA. The optimized beam energy was 8 MeV and the beam current for irradiation was ? 100 nA. With the use of a solenoid and a raster, the electron beam was expanded to the optimized size, 1? ? 15 mm, at the sample target. This dis?sertation also presents the irradiation experiments for 64 1,4-dioxane samples and 48 PFAS samples in different water matrices, including real wastewater, which were prepared and an?alyzed by HRSD. The absorbed doses of samples were obtained by designing a new method that combines the FLUKA simulation and dose mapping experiments. The irradiation re?sults showed that around 95% of 1,4-dioxane was removed at a low dose of ? 2 kGy, and PFAS was possibly removed at a lower dose compared to similar research. This work is a first implementation of SRF technology for wastewater irradiation. It pro?vides a valuable new research platform for wastewater remediation. This will be in support of future industrial applications of advanced SRF technologies and better understanding of the effect of e-beam irradiation on wastewater or water treatment.