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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc8CuTe3 by Materials Project

Sc8CuTe3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-four inequivalent Sc sites. In the first Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu and two equivalent Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.79 Å) and one longer (3.04 Å) Sc–Cu bond lengths. Both Sc–Te bond lengths are 3.04 Å. In the second Sc site, Sc is bonded to two equivalent Cu and three Te atoms to form distorted ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent ScTe5 square pyramids, and edges with three ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are two shorter (3.00 Å) and one longer (3.09 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the third Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Cu and two equivalent Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and one longer (3.03 Å) Sc–Cu bond lengths. Both Sc–Te bond lengths are 3.03 Å. In the fourth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Cu and four Te atoms. The Sc–Cu bond length is 2.89 Å. There are two shorter (2.94 Å) and two longer (2.97 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the fifth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu and one Te atom. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.13 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 2.96 Å. In the sixth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Te atoms. There are one shorter (2.95 Å) and one longer (3.15 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the seventh Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cu and one Te atom. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.13 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 2.96 Å. In the eighth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu and one Te atom. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.11 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 2.96 Å. In the ninth Sc site, Sc is bonded to two equivalent Cu and three Te atoms to form distorted edge-sharing ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.73 Å. There are one shorter (2.92 Å) and two longer (3.00 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the tenth Sc site, Sc is bonded to two equivalent Cu and three Te atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.75 Å. There are one shorter (2.94 Å) and two longer (3.01 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the eleventh Sc site, Sc is bonded to two equivalent Cu and three Te atoms to form distorted edge-sharing ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.73 Å. There are one shorter (2.92 Å) and two longer (3.03 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the twelfth Sc site, Sc is bonded to five Te atoms to form distorted ScTe5 square pyramids that share edges with two equivalent ScTe5 square pyramids and edges with two equivalent ScCu2Te3 trigonal bipyramids. There are one shorter (2.83 Å) and four longer (2.91 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the thirteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.97 Å) and two longer (2.99 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the fourteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.96 Å) and two longer (2.98 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the fifteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.95 Å) and two longer (2.98 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the sixteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.95 Å) and two longer (2.98 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. In the seventeenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five Te atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Te bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.34 Å. In the eighteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cu and four Te atoms. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.29 Å. There are a spread of Sc–Te bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.13 Å. In the nineteenth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cu and four Te atoms. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.29 Å. There are a spread of Sc–Te bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.10 Å. In the twentieth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cu and four Te atoms. The Sc–Cu bond length is 3.30 Å. There are a spread of Sc–Te bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.10 Å. In the twenty-first Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cu and one Te atom. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.77 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 3.01 Å. In the twenty-second Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cu and one Te atom. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.77 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 3.04 Å. In the twenty-third Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cu and one Te atom. Both Sc–Cu bond lengths are 2.79 Å. The Sc–Te bond length is 3.04 Å. In the twenty-fourth Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Te atoms. There are two shorter (2.94 Å) and one longer (2.95 Å) Sc–Te bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Sc atoms. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Sc atoms. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Sc atoms. There are nine inequivalent Te sites. In the first Te site, Te is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Sc atoms. In the second Te site, Te is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Sc atoms. In the third Te site, Te is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Sc atoms. In the fourth Te site, Te is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Sc atoms. In the fifth Te site, Te is bonded to seven Sc atoms to form distorted edge-sharing TeSc7 pentagonal bipyramids. In the sixth Te site, Te is bonded to seven Sc atoms to form distorted edge-sharing TeSc7 pentagonal bipyramids. In the seventh Te site, Te is bonded to seven Sc atoms to form distorted edge-sharing TeSc7 pentagonal bipyramids. In the eighth Te site, Te is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Sc atoms. In the ninth Te site, Te is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Sc atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

First-Principles Insights into the Thermodynamics of Variable-Temperature Ammonia Synthesis on Transition-Metal-Doped Cu (100) and (111)

Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the most produced chemicals worldwide. NH 3 synthesis predominantly utilizes the Haber–Bosch (HB) process, requiring high temperatures and pressures. Despite significant process advances, ample opportunity remains for improving the rate, selectivity, catalyst stability, and energy efficiency. Inspired by a recently developed programmable heating and quenching (PHQ) technique, we present in this paper a first-principles screening of candidate single-atom alloy catalysts generated from doping (111) and (100) surfaces of copper (Cu), an ineffective HB catalyst in its pure form. We predict the thermodynamics of two rate-limiting reactions, N 2 dissociative adsorption and the final hydrogenation step leading up to NH 3 release, at 400 and 900 K. Thermodynamically, the former reaction is favored at low temperatures, while the latter is favored at high temperatures. Vanadium-, chromium-, and molybdenum-doped Cu surfaces, due to intermediate M–N covalent bonding character, emerge as appealing candidate catalysts for PHQ NH 3 synthesis, as they balance the thermodynamics of the above-mentioned reaction steps at their respective optimal temperatures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Co8Cu7(MoO4)12 by Materials Project

Co8Cu7(MoO4)12 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Mo6+ sites. In the first Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra and corners with three CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–58°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–1.85 Å. In the second Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra and corners with three CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–60°. There is two shorter (1.79 Å) and two longer (1.85 Å) Mo–O bond length. In the third Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with three CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–59°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.86 Å. In the fourth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with three CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–60°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.86 Å. In the fifth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–63°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–1.86 Å. In the sixth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–63°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–1.85 Å. In the seventh Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra and corners with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–63°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.85 Å. In the eighth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MoO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra and corners with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–63°. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.84 Å. There are four inequivalent Co2+ sites. In the first Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.21 Å. In the second Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.19 Å. In the third Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 57°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.16 Å. In the fourth Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CoO6 octahedra, corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 57°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.16 Å. There are seven inequivalent Cu+1.14+ sites. In the first Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.60 Å. In the second Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.60 Å. In the third Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.62 Å. In the fourth Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.62 Å. In the fifth Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.24 Å. In the sixth Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.26 Å. In the seventh Cu+1.14+ site, Cu+1.14+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six MoO4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.28 Å. There are twenty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Mo6+ and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Mo6+ and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+, one Co2+, and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+, one Co2+, and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+, one Co2+, and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+, one Co2+, and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Mo6+ and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mo6+ and one Cu+1.14+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and two Cu+1.14+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Mo6+ and two Co2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2009

Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing of Copper, Indium, and Gallium Dithiocarbamates for Energy Conversion Applications

Ten dithiocarbamate complexes of indium(III) and gallium(III) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and melting point. Each complex was decomposed thermally and its decomposition products separated and identified with the combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Their potential utility as photovoltaic materials precursors was assessed. Bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamato)- and bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)copper(II), Cu(S2CN(CH2C6H5)2)2 and Cu(S2CN(C2H5)2)2 respectively, have also been examined for their suitability as precursors for copper sulfides for the fabrication of photovoltaic materials. Each complex was decomposed thermally and the products analyzed by GC/MS, TGA and FTIR. The dibenzyl derivative complex decomposed at a lower temperature (225-320 C) to yield CuS as the product. The diethyl derivative complex decomposed at a higher temperature (260-325 C) to yield Cu2S. No Cu containing fragments were noted in the mass spectra. Unusual recombination fragments were observed in the mass spectra of the diethyl derivative. Tris(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-S,S'), commonly referred to as tris(N,N-dibenzyldithiocarbamato)indium(III), In(S2CNBz2)3, was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1(bar) with two molecules per unit cell. The material was further characterized using a novel analytical system employing the combined powers of thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate its potential use as a precursor for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin film materials for photovoltaic applications. Upon heating, the material thermally decomposes to release CS2 and benzyl moieties in to the gas phase, resulting in bulk In2S3. Preliminary spray CVD experiments indicate that In(S2CNBz2)3 decomposed on a Cu substrate reacts to produce stoichiometric CuInS2 films.

Duraj, S. A.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Changes in active-site geometry on X-ray photoreduction of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase active-site copper and saccharide binding

The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are Cu-containing enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharide substrates oxidatively. The generally accepted first step in the LPMO reaction is the reduction of the active-site metal ion from Cu 2+ to Cu + . Here we have used a systematic diffraction data collection method to monitor structural changes in two AA9 LPMOs, one from Lentinus similis (LsAA9_A) and one from Thermoascus auranti­acus (TaAA9_A), as the active-site Cu is photoreduced in the X-ray beam. For LsAA9_A, the protein produced in two different recombinant systems was crystallized to probe the effect of post-translational modifications and different crystallization conditions on the active site and metal photoreduction. We can recommend that crystallographic studies of AA9 LPMOs wishing to address the Cu 2+ form use a total X-ray dose below 3 × 10 4 Gy, while the Cu + form can be attained using 1 × 10 6 Gy. In all cases, we observe the transition from a hexa­coordinated Cu site with two solvent-facing ligands to a T-shaped geometry with no exogenous ligands, and a clear increase of the θ 2 parameter and a decrease of the θ 3 parameter by averages of 9.2° and 8.4°, respectively, but also a slight increase in θ T . Thus, the θ 2 and θ 3 parameters are helpful diagnostics for the oxidation state of the metal in a His-brace protein. On binding of cello-oligosaccharides to LsAA9_A, regardless of the production source, the θ T parameter increases, making the Cu site less planar, while the active-site Tyr—Cu distance decreases reproducibly for the Cu 2+ form. Thus, the θ T increase found on copper reduction may bring LsAA9_A closer to an oligosaccharide-bound state and contribute to the observed higher affinity of reduced LsAA9_A for cellulosic substrates.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Competitive exchange between divalent metal ions [Cu(II), Zn(II), Ca(II)] and Hg(II) bound to thiols and natural organic matter

Mercuric Hg(II) ion forms exceptionally strong complexes with various organic ligands, particularly thiols and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural water. Few studies, however, have experimentally determined whether or not the presence of base cations and transition metal ions, such as Ca(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), would compete with Hg(II) bound to these ligands, as concentrations of these metal ions are usually orders of magnitude higher than Hg(II) in aquatic systems. Different from previous model predictions, a significant fraction of Hg(II) bound to cysteine (CYS), glutathione (GSH), or DOM was found to be competitively exchanged by Cu(II), but not by Zn(II) or Ca(II). About 20–75% of CYS-bound-Hg(II) [at 2:1 CYS:Hg(II)] and 14–40% of GSH-bound-Hg(II) [at 1:1 GSH:Hg(II)] were exchanged by Cu(II) at concentrations 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than Hg(II). Competitive exchange was also observed between Cu(II) and Hg(II) bound to DOM, albeit to a lower extent, depending on relative abundances of thiol and carboxylate functional groups on DOM and their equilibrium time with Hg(II). When complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), most Hg(II) could be exchanged by Cu(II) and Zn(II), as well as Ca(II) at increasing concentrations. Furthermore, these results shed additional light on competitive exchange reactions between Hg(II) and coexisting metal ions and have important implications in Hg(II) chemical speciation and biogeochemical transformation, particularly in contaminated environments containing relatively high concentrations of Hg(II) and metal ions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li5Cu6(P2O7)4 by Materials Project

Li5Cu6(P2O7)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form LiO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO5 trigonal bipyramid, and edges with two equivalent CuO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.40 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.53 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CuO5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.31 Å. There are four inequivalent Cu+1.83+ sites. In the first Cu+1.83+ site, Cu+1.83+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.60 Å. In the second Cu+1.83+ site, Cu+1.83+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form CuO5 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra, corners with five PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 69–72°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.29 Å. In the third Cu+1.83+ site, Cu+1.83+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one CuO5 trigonal bipyramid, and edges with two CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.52 Å. In the fourth Cu+1.83+ site, Cu+1.83+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.34 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CuO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–58°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, and corners with two equivalent CuO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–69°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.64 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO5 trigonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one CuO5 trigonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–59°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two CuO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, and corners with two equivalent CuO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, two Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.83+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cu+1.83+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two Cu+1.83+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.83+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Area-selective atomic layer deposition enabled by competitive adsorption

In this work, we investigate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZrO2 thin films on Cu and SiO2 substrates, using Zr[N(C2H5CH3)]4 as the thin-film precursor, and H2O or O2 as the coreactants. Here, we introduce 3-hexyne as a coadsorbate molecule during the thin-film precursor half-cycle and examine its effect on the selectivity of growth. We find that 3-hexyne strongly inhibits growth on Cu, while having essentially no effect on the growth on SiO2. Calculations using dispersion-inclusive density functional theory verify that 3-hexyne undergoes sp → sp2 rehybridization on Cu, which results in strong chemisorption on the metal surface, while only binding weakly to SiO2 via nonbonded van der Waals/dispersion interactions. After 10 cycles of ALD using 3-hexyne as the coadsorbate, we observed the deposition of ∼1.5 nm of ZrO2 on SiO2. On a Cu substrate, we only detected <0.15 nm of ZrO2 after the same number of cycles of ALD. At this point in the process, we find evidence of the formation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) from in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a significant increase in the roughness of the Cu substrate. We conclude that both factors likely contribute to the loss of selectivity due to the formation of sites (e.g., Cu2O) that bind 3-hexyne less strongly and/or an increase in the density of highly reactive sites (e.g., steps, kinks) that promote dissociative chemisorption of the thin-film precursor.

Suh, Taewon (ORCID:0000000163823811)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Zr2Cu3(O8F7)2 by Materials Project

(ZrCuO3F7)2CuO10 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of two CuO10 clusters and one ZrCuO3F7 framework. In each CuO10 cluster, Cu is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.08 Å. There are five inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.21 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms. In the ZrCuO3F7 framework, Zr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight F atoms. There are a spread of Zr–F bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.30 Å. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O and three F atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.72–2.59 Å. There are a spread of Cu–F bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.43 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu and one O atom. There are seven inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zr atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Zr and one Cu atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zr atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Zr atoms. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zr and one Cu atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Zr and one Cu atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zr atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnCu3(ClO3)2 by Materials Project

Cu3Zn(O3Cl)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Cu3Zn(O3Cl)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O and two equivalent Cl atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 1.86 Å. Both Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.69 Å. Zn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent O atoms. All Zn–O bond lengths are 2.11 Å. O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two equivalent Cu and one Zn atom. Cl is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hybrid Layered Double Perovskite Halides of Transition Metals

Hybrid layered double perovskite (HLDP) halides comprise hexacoordinated 1+ and 3+ metals in the octahedral sites within a perovskite layer and organic amine cations between the layers. Here, progress on such materials has hitherto been limited to compounds containing main group 3+ ions isoelectronic with Pb II (such as Sb III and Bi III ). Furthermore, we report eight HLDP halides from the A 2 M I M III X 8 family, where A = para-phenylenediammonium (PPDA), 1,4-butanediammonium (1,4-BDA), or 1,3-propanediammonium (1,3-PDA); M I = Cu or Ag; M III = Ru or Mo; X = Cl or Br. The optical band gaps, which lie in the range 1.55 to 2.05 eV, are tunable according to the layer composition, but are largely independent of the spacer. Magnetic measurements carried out for (PPDA) 2 Ag I Ru III Cl 8 and (PPDA) 2 Ag I Mo III Cl 8 show no obvious evidence of a magnetic ordering transition. While the t 2g 3 Mo III compound displays Curie–Weiss behavior for a spin-only d 3 ion, the t 2g 5 Ru III compound displays marked deviations from the Kotani theory.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr10Cu5Bi10O29 by Materials Project

Bi10Sr10Cu5O29 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.55–3.22 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.03 Å. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.91 Å. In the fourth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.01 Å. In the fifth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.85 Å. In the sixth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.92 Å. In the seventh Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.94 Å. In the eighth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.91 Å. In the ninth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.54–3.21 Å. In the tenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.88 Å. In the eleventh Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.85 Å. In the twelfth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.91 Å. In the thirteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.50–2.96 Å. In the fourteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.89 Å. In the fifteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.96 Å. In the sixteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.91 Å. In the seventeenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.95 Å. In the eighteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.50–3.13 Å. In the nineteenth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.50–3.13 Å. In the twentieth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.92 Å. There are ten inequivalent Cu+1.60+ sites. In the first Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–4°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.69 Å. In the second Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.57 Å. In the third Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–4°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.68 Å. In the fourth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.67 Å. In the fifth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.63 Å. In the sixth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.63 Å. In the seventh Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.58 Å. In the eighth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.67 Å. In the ninth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–7°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.69 Å. In the tenth Cu+1.60+ site, Cu+1.60+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–7°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.68 Å. There are twenty inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.43 Å. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.16 Å. In the third Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.17 Å) and one longer (3.02 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. In the fourth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.09 Å) and one longer (2.16 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. In the fifth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.17 Å) and one longer (2.92 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. In the sixth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–3.07 Å. In the seventh Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.85 Å. In the eighth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.72 Å. In the ninth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–3.05 Å. In the tenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.43 Å. In the eleventh Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.84 Å. In the twelfth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.75 Å. In the thirteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.10 Å) and one longer (2.17 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. In the fourteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.46 Å. In the fifteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.59 Å. In the sixteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.17 Å. In the seventeenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.58 Å. In the eighteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.49 Å. In the nineteenth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.70 Å. In the twentieth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.76 Å. There are fifty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Sr2+ and two Bi3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Sr2+ and two Bi3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+, one Cu+1.60+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and two Cu+1.60+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing OSr4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Sr2+ and t

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Composition-Dependent Photoluminescence Properties and Anti-Counterfeiting Applications of A 2 AgX 3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I)

Copper(I) halides are emerging as attractive alternatives to lead halide perovskites for optical and electronic applications. However, blue-emitting all-inorganic copper(I) halides suffer from poor stability and lack of tunability of their photoluminescence (PL) properties. In this work, the preparation of silver(I) halides A 2 AgX 3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I) through solid-state synthesis is reported. In contrast to the Cu(I) analogs, A 2 AgX 3 are broad-band emitters sensitive to A and X site substitutions. First-principle calculations show that defect-bound excitons are responsible for the observed main PL peaks in Rb 2 AgX 3 and that self-trapped excitons (STEs) contribute to a minor PL peak in Rb 2 AgBr 3 . This is in sharp contrast to Rb 2 CuX 3 , in which the PL is dominated by the emission by STEs. Moreover, the replacement of Cu(I) with Ag(I) in A 2 AgX 3 significantly improves photostability and stability in the air under ambient conditions, which enables their consideration for practical applications. Thus, luminescent inks based on A 2 AgX 3 are prepared and successfully used in anti-counterfeiting applications. The excellent light emission properties, significantly improved stability, simple preparation method, and tunable light emission properties demonstrated by A 2 AgX 3 suggest that silver(I) halides may be attractive alternatives to toxic lead halide perovskites and unstable copper(I) halides for optical applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu6PbSe2Cl5O8 by Materials Project

CuCl2Cu5PbSe2O8Cl3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four copper chloride molecules and one Cu5PbSe2O8Cl3 framework. In the Cu5PbSe2O8Cl3 framework, there are four inequivalent Cu+2.17+ sites. In the first Cu+2.17+ site, Cu+2.17+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to three O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (1.99 Å) and two longer (2.17 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.24 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) Cu–Cl bond lengths. In the second Cu+2.17+ site, Cu+2.17+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. The Cu–Cl bond length is 2.32 Å. In the third Cu+2.17+ site, Cu+2.17+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.03 Å. The Cu–Cl bond length is 2.25 Å. In the fourth Cu+2.17+ site, Cu+2.17+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.99 Å) Cu–O bond length. Pb4+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and two longer (2.48 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.01 Å) and one longer (3.05 Å) Pb–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Se2+ sites. In the first Se2+ site, Se2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Se–O bond length. In the second Se2+ site, Se2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.76 Å) Se–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cu+2.17+ and one Se2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cu+2.17+ and one Se2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Cu+2.17+ and one Pb4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OCu3Pb tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Cu+2.17+ atoms to form corner-sharing OCu4 tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Cu+2.17+ and one Se2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cu+2.17+, one Pb4+, and one Se2+ atom. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Cu+2.17+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu+2.17+ and one Pb4+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu+2.17+ and one Pb4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiCu2(CO3)2 by Materials Project

LiCu2(CO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.00 Å. There are two inequivalent Cu+1.50+ sites. In the first Cu+1.50+ site, Cu+1.50+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.61 Å. In the second Cu+1.50+ site, Cu+1.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted CuO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.42 Å. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.29 Å) and two longer (1.30 Å) C–O bond length. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.29 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) C–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.50+ and one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.50+ and one C4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.50+, and one C4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.50+, and one C4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two Cu+1.50+, and one C4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Cu+1.50+, and one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NbCu3(PO4)4 by Materials Project

NbCu3(PO4)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NbO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.11 Å. There are three inequivalent Cu+2.33+ sites. In the first Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.23 Å. In the second Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.04 Å. In the third Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.49 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one NbO6 pentagonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. There is three shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.63 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NbO6 pentagonal pyramid and an edgeedge with one NbO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.59 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and an edgeedge with one CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent NbO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.60 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Nb5+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+2.33+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu5(Si2O7)2 by Materials Project

Cu5(Si2O7)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Cu+2.40+ sites. In the first Cu+2.40+ site, Cu+2.40+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is three shorter (1.92 Å) and one longer (1.93 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the second Cu+2.40+ site, Cu+2.40+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.39 Å. In the third Cu+2.40+ site, Cu+2.40+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.55 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.66 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.66 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two equivalent Cu+2.40+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cu+2.40+ and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.40+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+2.40+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cu+2.40+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu3P4C4(NO6)2 by Materials Project

Cu3(PO3)4(C2N)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight ch3nc molecules and one Cu3(PO3)4 framework. In the Cu3(PO3)4 framework, there are two inequivalent Cu+1.33+ sites. In the first Cu+1.33+ site, Cu+1.33+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.43 Å. In the second Cu+1.33+ site, Cu+1.33+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.98 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.54 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.51 Å) and two longer (1.53 Å) P–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.33+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗