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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 559 records · Page 31
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

3D Integrated Sensing Solutions

We will present the proposed research project to develop 3D-integrated sensors using advanced manufacturing capability for novel sensors, heterogeneously integrated with energy efficient readout circuits. The lack of precision timing in particle tracking detectors and the absence of low power, high throughput communications solutions to read them out limits progress in multiple fields of fundamental science. The aim of the project is to develop technology to enable large-scale particle detectors with 3D-integrated ASIC designs to simultaneously achieve 10 μm position resolution and 10 ps precision timing, with low-power consumption and high throughput rates. This research program leverages the unique combination of facilities and cross-disciplinary expertise of scientists and engineers at SLAC, FNAL, and LLNL and industrial partners.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Next Gen High Efficiency Boosted Engine Development

This work represents an advanced engineering research project partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Ford Motor Company, FEV North America, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory collaborated to develop a next generation boosted spark ignited engine concept. The project goals, specified by the DOE, were 23% improved fuel economy and 15% reduced weight relative to a 2015 or newer light-duty vehicle. The fuel economy goal was achieved by designing an engine incorporating high geometric compression ratio, high dilution tolerance, low pumping work, and low friction. The increased tendency for knock with high compression ratio was addressed using early intake valve closing (EIVC), cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), an active pre-chamber ignition system, and careful management of the fresh charge temperature. Engine weight reduction measures were implemented throughout the engine system making use of composite materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and architectural choices. This report outlines the analytical, design, fabrication, and test work conducted for the duration of the project. The combustion system stability, EGR tolerance, and knock resistance were validated on a single cylinder engine. An inline six-cylinder engine was then designed targeting application in the Ford F150. Multi-cylinder engines were produced and tested achieving the target vehicle fuel economy improvement of 23% assessed using measured engine fuel consumption combined with a vehicle drive cycle simulation. Actions were identified and designs were demonstrated to achieve the 15% weight reduction target. This project included items covering a range of technology readiness levels. Some of the technologies explored are production ready, while others were investigated to understand the limitations for what can be achieved in a stoichiometric, gasoline-fueled, spark-ignited internal combustion engine.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Ultra-compact and efficient heat exchanger for solar desalination with unprecedented scaling resistance

The objective is to design, prototype, and test a heat exchanger technology with an efficiency improvement of more than 150% compared to state-of-the-art heat exchanger technology (UA/volume), with significantly improved fouling/scaling resistance at elevated temperatures (>120°C) when compared to existing technology where scaling is a major performance-limiting issue, as well as at lower operating-temperatures (~63-110°C). We now report our overall progress on the project. An ultra-compact, efficient heat exchanger geometry has been developed that can maximize surface-area-to-volume ratio so that proposed target (UA/volume). Advanced manufacturing techniques, such additive manufacturing, have made it possible to create complex structures cost effectively. In addition to traditional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing has been successfully used for the development of high-performance geometries. These methods allow the ability to create custom surface textures, which are deployed to dramatically control wettability and create energy-gradient surfaces. These techniques allow fouling/scaling nucleation to be spatially controlled, such that as the fouling layer grows it will be broken and removed by flow forces.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Los Alamos National Laboratory Director's Strategic Resilience Initiative

The Director’s Strategic Resilience Initiative was created late in 2019 in recognition of the changing geo-political climate. The renewed strategic competition between Russia, China, and the United States, noted in the 2018 National Defense Strategy and the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review, put great power rivalry and competition at the forefront of national security considerations. At the same time, Russian President Vladimir Putin’s March 1, 2018, speech and China’s October 1, 2019, National Day Military Parade, underscored the nuclear dimensions of this new strategic competition. Accompanying this changed strategic environment are rapid advances in an expansive array of relevant technological sectors including affordable and comprehensive global communication and reconnaissance assets, autonomous vehicles, quantum computing, advanced manufacturing, and artificial intelligence.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Coupling of Spark Plasma Sintering with Advanced Modeling to Enable Process Scale-Up: Presentation to DOE-NE [Slides]

The research goal of this project is to develop at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) a first-of-its-kind Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)-based, multiscale, multiphysics spark plasma sintering (SPS) modeling and simulation code application, termed “Freya.” Freya will simulate the thermo-mechanical-electrical aspects of the SPS fabrication process and will be paired with lower length scale sub-models, such as phase-field, to predict the resulting microstructure. SPS is an advanced manufacturing process that can be used to solve a variety of material manufacturing challenges; however, this process is an extremely challenging problem for modeling and simulation. The SPS process is inherently multiphysics and multi-scale, with the macroscale electro-thermo-mechanical behavior linked intricately to the microstructure evolution of the part being sintered. Accurate modeling and simulation tools, specifically geared towards the SPS process, are needed to predict the influence of the multiple variables involved in the manufacturing process. Modeling and simulation accuracy is achieved and demonstrated through comparison to multiple validation experiments. The validation efforts for Freya include both separate effects and complete multiphysics SPS process experiments. One of the key benefits this Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project offers stems from the emphasis placed on experimental validation of the Freya models, both on the individual length scales and of the final coupled multiscale multiphysics simulations. Experimental validation of Freya’s multiscale coupling capability provides the technical credibility necessary for potential future industry and research partners to accept the simulation predictions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum Computing and Simulations for Energy Applications

While quantum computing (QC) is considered as a paradigm shift in our basic understanding of physical computation, effective implementation of QC in energy applications also depends on progress and development in the dimensions of both QC hardware and algorithms. To fully address the status and future challenges of QC applied within the energy sector, in this presentation, we firstly summarize recent advancements on the applications of QC to energy infrastructure and materials, complex energy system processes, advanced manufacturing, and energy system security. Then, we will demonstrate the results of QC performed both on a simulator and a quantum device targeting on energy-related applications.

Paudel, Hari P.↗
DOE OSTI2024

LANSCE Science Overview [Slides]

LANSCE is primarily focused on three science questions for NNSA and contributes to several other programs. We will primarily consider the NNSA questions: (1) How can we advance our understanding of dynamic material behavior using focused experiments? (2) What tools are needed to address Advanced Manufacturing and Aging? (3) How do we constrain the nuclear reaction networks involved in weapons?

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sandia Wind Energy Program - FY23 Accomplishments

This report summarizes Fiscal Year 2023 accomplishments from Sandia National Laboratories Wind Energy Program. The portfolio consists of funding provided by the DOE EERE Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO), Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program, and private industry. These accomplishments were made possible through capabilities investments by WETO, internal Sandia investment, and partnerships between Sandia and other national laboratories, universities, and research institutions around the world. Sandia’s Wind Energy Program is primarily built around core capabilities as expressed in the strategic plan thrust areas, with 29 staff members in the Wind Energy Design and Experimentation department and the Wind Energy Computational Sciences department leading and supporting R&D at the time of this report. Staff from other departments at Sandia support the program by leveraging Sandia’s unique capabilities in other disciplines.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

2023 Sandia Day at UT Austin

On Wednesday, March 8 th and Thursday, March 9 th , 2023, the University of Texas at Austin hosted Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) for “Sandia Day 2023 at UT Austin” with the intention of reviewing, planning and shaping ongoing and future collaborations in key areas that reflect each organization’s priorities and strengths. The event brought together nearly 100 UT and Sandia participants including executive leadership, researchers, faculty, staff, and students. The primary sessions of Sandia Day consisted of a half-day tour of select J.J. Pickle Research Campus facilities, a networking happy hour, leadership meetings, presentations by both Sandia and UT Austin representatives in areas of research strategic priorities: Grid Resiliency, Examining Climate Change, and Microelectronics, and a research poster session with lunch. The group also discussed growth opportunities in the following research areas: nuclear and radiation engineering, pulsed power and fusion physics, and digital engineering, specifically as it related to materials discovery and advanced manufacturing. Appendix A contains the full Sandia Day agenda.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sandia Wind Energy Program: FY22 Accomplishments

This report summarizes Fiscal Year 2022 accomplishments from Sandia National Laboratories Wind Energy Program. The portfolio consists of funding provided by the DOE EERE Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO), Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), and the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. These accomplishments were made possible through capabilities investments by WETO, internal Sandia investment, and partnerships between Sandia and other national laboratories, universities, and research institutions around the world. Sandia’s Wind Energy Program is primarily built around core capabilities as expressed in the strategic plan thrust areas, with 29 staff members in the Wind Energy Design and Experimentation department and the Wind Energy Computational Sciences department leading and supporting R&D at the time of this report. Staff from other departments at Sandia support the program by leveraging Sandia’s unique capabilities in other disciplines.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum Computing for Energy-Related Applications

Growing interest in quantum computing and simulations have created opportunities for its deployment to improve processes pertaining to energy production, distribution, and consumption. While quantum computing is considered as a paradigm shift in our basic understanding of physical computation, effective implementation of quantum computing in energy applications also depends on progress and development in the dimensions of both quantum computing hardware and quantum computing algorithms. To fully address the status and future challenges of quantum information science (QIS) applied within the energy sector, in this presentation, we firstly summarize recent advancements on the applications of quantum computing to energy infrastructure and materials, complex energy system processes, advanced manufacturing, and energy system security. Then, we will demonstrate the results of quantum computing both on a simulator and a quantum device accessing from OLCF. Our first example is to use the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with a unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (UCCSD) ansatz to simulate a series of LixHyq molecules (q=-1, 0, +1). The obtained results showed that the quantum computing VQE-UCCSD is comparable to classical CCSD for small systems like LiH with respect to full configuration interaction (FCI). Targeting on CO2 capture application, our second example is to use VQE to quantify molecular vibrational energies and reaction pathways between CO2 and a simplified amine-based solvent model—NH3 to form H2NCOOH. This research showcases quantum computing applications in the study of CO2 capture reactions.

Duan, Yuhua↗
DOE OSTI2024

Isolated Single Metal Atoms Supported on Silica for One Step Non-Oxidative Methane Upgrading to Hydrogen and Value-Added Hydrocarbons

Natural gas in the United States offers substantial economic opportunities due to its abundance but its transportation is challenging because its primary component, methane (CH 4 ), does not liquefy at ambient temperature and typical pressures. As a result, a significant portion of natural gas is either used for heat, flared in remote locations, or remains unutilized, presenting a lost economic opportunity and an environmental harm. Converting natural gas to larger hydrocarbons in an economically competitive manner would enable transportation of products and further boost the economy and reduce environmental footprint. Our research goal is to enable efficient non-oxidative methane conversion (NMC) via catalyst innovation to convert CH 4 in one-step to olefins and aromatics and hydrogen (H 2 ) co-product. The catalysts are made of supported single metal atoms and operated at medium-high temperatures. The single metal atoms achieve methane activation by heterogeneous surface dehydrogenation to generate a hydrocarbon pool and importantly limit coke formation. The integration of novel single atom catalysts in a short contact time microreactor enable unprecedented NMC performance that could lead to economically-feasible, distributed natural gas upgrading by advanced manufacturing and process intensification. Our innovated catalyst and reactor technology promise to tap into previously uneconomic natural gas resources, such as stranded, vented, and flared methane.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2022

High Temperature Thick Film Sensor Development Based on Refractory Oxide Semiconductors

Solid-state, high-temperature sensing devices are required for accurate temperature, strain/stress, and failure monitoring for a range of advanced manufacturing, transportation, and military applications. High temperature conditions limit sensing strategies, where typically traditional metal and semiconductor materials are unstable, and the sensing options are limited to optical spectroscopy methods. In addition, strategies to embed the sensors directly within active components and protective thermal refractory are of interest that permit near-environment sensing which is not possible with the traditional electronic materials and components. Rare-earth chromite semiconductors exhibit some properties of interest for high temperature sensing technologies, such as: high microstructure and chemical stability, relatively high electronic conductivity at high temperatures, and relative thermal expansion coefficient matching to refractory thermal protective insulation (such as high-zirconia and -alumina ceramics). In this work, n-type and p-type doped lanthanum chromites compositions were computationally modelled and prepared, and the electrical, thermoelectric, and thermomechanical properties were measured for the obtained material systems. A few compositions were then processed into thick film health and temperature sensors and tested at high temperatures. To establish relative stability under harsh environment conditions, post- mortem microstructure and chemical composition was characterized after extended and cycle testing at high temperatures.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Studies on Printability Methodologies and Directed-Energy-Deposition-Fabricated Iron Alloys for Nuclear Applications

This report provides results from a printability study of laser directed energy deposition (DED)-based additive manufacturing of nuclear-grade stainless steels as well as DED process parameter development for austenitic Alloy 709 (A709) and ferritic/martensitic Grade 91 (G91) and Grade 92 (G92) steels. The printability study includes the use of machine learning and physics-based modeling via commercial software such as FLOW-3D for insights into the impact of the alloy composition, particularly the carbon content, on the printability of stainless steels during the DED process. In the DED process development work, 1 cm 3 alloy blocks were deposited with broad ranges of laser powers, scan speeds, and hatch spacings to optimize the build quality, resulting in densities of more than 99.8% for all three alloys. The microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Vickers hardness measurements. Further, tensile samples were extracted from DED-fabricated alloys utilizing the optimized process parameters. The present work provides guidance and progress towards the successful deployment of the DED process for the fabrication of structural components of nuclear reactors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electrocatalytically Upgrading Methane to Benzene in a Highly Compacted Microchannel Protonic Ceramic Membrane Reactor

This project aims to develop highly compacted microchannel protonic ceramic membrane reactors (HCM-PCMRs) for efficient and cost-effective methane dehydrogenation to aromatics (MDA, e.g., benzene). The integration of single-atom catalysis, electrocatalysis, membrane catalysis, membrane separation, and advanced manufacturing is designed to fulfill this goal. This project's success will ultimately develop a new cost-effective, efficient, and highly compacted infrastructure technology to address the flare and venting issue during oil and gas operations and other gas-to-liquid technologies. The key objectives for the three budget periods (BPs) are as follows.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Microstructure Optimization and Novel Processing Development of ODS Steels for Fusion Environments (Final ARPA-E Report)

This project aimed to develop scalable, cost-effective fabrication of high-performance, oxide- dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel using advanced manufacturing methods (AMMs) for fusion blanket-breeding applications. Gas atomization reaction synthesis (GARS) enables the synthesis of precursor ODS steel powders without prolonged mechanical alloying. This process creates a chromium (Cr)-enriched surface oxide with yttrium/titanium (Y/Ti)-enriched intermetallics in powder interiors. GARS powders were consolidated to >99% of the theoretical density using a first-of-a-kind shear assisted processing and extrusion (ShAPE) and laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) AM processes. These processes led to ODS steels containing a high-density of nano-oxide dispersoids that enhance high-temperature mechanical properties. Such scalable, cost-effective fabrication of ODS steels can enable efficient power conversion cycles (=40%) at operating temperatures beyond 900 K in future fusion power plants.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

White Paper: Scalable Digital Twin Capabilities for Aging and Surveillance of Engineered Systems

This white paper presents a multi-year initiative to develop practical, secure, and scalable digital twin capabilities for engineered systems in aging and surveillance contexts—an approach pioneered at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) that maps directly onto the needs and ambitions of the Navy for ship- and fleet-level digital twins. LLNL’s work in building part- and process-level digital twins for advanced manufacturing, with a vision to scale up to entire factory floors and, ultimately, enterprise-wide digital twins, offers an adaptable pathway for the Navy as it seeks to modernize lifecycle management, readiness, and predictive maintenance across ships and fleets. For our application, we integrate physics-based modeling with automated data ingestion, processing, and AI-driven calibration, creating hybrid models that are both interpretable and data responsive. We modernized legacy workflows, established centralized data infrastructure, automated experimental pipelines, and demonstrated end-to-end coupling of accelerated aging data with finite element simulations via optimization and surrogate modeling. The result is a generalizable framework that supports part-level digital twins today and lays the groundwork for future system-level twins suitable for Navy applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Greater Toledo Community Foundation Sustainable Communities Educational Initiative (Final Technical Report)

The Greater Toledo Community Foundation’s (GTCF) Sustainable Communities Educational Initiative leveraged the two recently constructed Overland Solar Arrays to launch a diverse collection of educational activities designed to promote the intersection between workforce development, renewable energy and community activism to showcase emerging avenues for greater prosperity in communities that have experienced historic disinvestment. In addition to educational programming focused on employment in the clean energy and advanced manufacturing fields, the project also activated storytelling approaches to explain sustainable energy’s role in philanthropy, grantmaking and resident-led neighborhood enhancements.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗